DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

1. Write a c program for electricity bill tacking different categories of users, different slabs in each category.
(using nested if else statement

/* C program to calculate total electricity bill */

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int unit;
float amt, total_amt, sur_charge;

printf("Enter total units consumed: ");

scanf("%d", &unit);

if(unit <= 50)

{
amt = unit * 0.50;
}
else if(unit <= 150)
{
amt = 25 + ((unit-50) * 0.75);
}
else if(unit <= 250)
{
amt = 100 + ((unit-150) * 1.20);
}
else
{
amt = 220 + ((unit-250) * 1.50);
}

sur_charge = amt * 0.20;

total_amt = amt + sur_charge;

printf("Electricity Bill = Rs. %.2f", total_amt);

return 0;
}

2. Write a c program to evaluate the following using loops

a. 1+x^2/2!+x^4/4!+...up to 5 terms

// C++ program to get the sum of the series

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to get the series

double Series(double x, int n)
{
double sum = 1, term = 1, fct, j, y = 2, m;

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 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

// Sum of n-1 terms starting from 2nd term

int i;
for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
fct = 1;
for (j = 1; j <= y; j++) {
fct = fct * j;
}
term = term * (-1);
m = term * pow(x, y) / fct;
sum = sum + m;
y += 2;
}
return sum;
}

b. x+x^3/3!+x^5/5!+...up to 5 terms

int main()
{
double x = 9;
int n = 10;
cout << Series(x, n);
return 0;
}

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
long int x,i,j,k,n,sq,cnt;
double fact,sum=0;
printf("\n ENTER THE VALUE OF N: ");
scanf("%ld",&n);
printf("\n ENTER THE VALUE OF X: ");
scanf("%ld",&x);
for(i=1,cnt=1;i<=n;i=i+2,cnt++)
{
for(j=1,sq=1;j<=i;j++)
sq=sq*x;
for(k=1,fact=1;k<=i;k++)
fact=fact*k;
if(cnt%2==1)
sum=sum+(sq/fact);
else
sum=sum-(sq/fact);
printf("\n THE SUM OF THIS SERIES IS %7.2lf\n",sum);
}
}

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3.Write a c program to check whether the given number is Prime or not

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{

int n, i, flag = 0;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

// 0 and 1 are not prime numbers

// change flag to 1 for non-prime number
if (n == 0 || n == 1)
flag = 1;

for (i = 2; i <= n / 2; ++i) {

// if n is divisible by i, then n is not prime

// change flag to 1 for non-prime number
if (n % i == 0) {
flag = 1;
break;
}
}

// flag is 0 for prime numbers

if (flag == 0)
printf("%d is a prime number.", n);
else
printf("%d is not a prime number.", n);

return 0;
}

3.2 Write a c program to check whether the given number is PERFECT OR NOT
/**
* C program to check whether a number is Perfect number or not
*/

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int i, num, sum = 0;

/* Input a number from user */

printf("Enter any number to check perfect number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);

/* Calculate sum of all proper divisors */

for(i = 1; i <= num / 2; i++)

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{
/* If i is a divisor of num */
if(num%i == 0)
{
sum += i;
}
}

/* Check whether the sum of proper divisors is equal to num */

if(sum == num && num > 0)
{
printf("%d is PERFECT NUMBER", num);
}
else
{
printf("%d is NOT PERFECT NUMBER", num);
}

return 0;
}

4. Write a c program to find the mean, mode, median, and variance of list of values by using one dimensional array
/*
* C program to input real numbers and find the mean, variance
* and standard deviation
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#define MAXSIZE 10

void main()
{
float x[MAXSIZE];
int i, n;
float average, variance, std_deviation, sum = 0, sum1 = 0;

printf("Enter the value of N \n");

scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter %d real numbers \n", n);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
scanf("%f", &x[i]);
}
/* Compute the sum of all elements */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
sum = sum + x[i];
}
average = sum / (float)n;
/* Compute variance and standard deviation */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
sum1 = sum1 + pow((x[i] - average), 2);

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}
variance = sum1 / (float)n;
std_deviation = sqrt(variance);
printf("Average of all elements = %.2f\n", average);
printf("variance of all elements = %.2f\n", variance);
printf("Standard deviation = %.2f\n", std_deviation);
}

5. Write a menu driven program to read a list of numbers and perform the following operations
a.Print the list

#include <stdio.h>

void print_menu() {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Print the list\n");
printf("2. Exit\n");
}

void print_list(int numbers[], int size) {

if (size == 0) {
printf("The list is empty.\n");
} else {
printf("The list of numbers is: ");
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("%d ", numbers[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}

int main() {
int numbers[100], size, choice;

// Reading the list of numbers

printf("Enter the number of elements in the list: ");
scanf("%d", &size);

if (size > 0) {
printf("Enter %d numbers: ", size);
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
scanf("%d", &numbers[i]);
}
}

do {
print_menu();
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {
case 1:
print_list(numbers, size);

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break;
case 2:
printf("Exiting the program.\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice, please try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 2);

return 0;
}

Enter the number of elements in the list: 5

Enter 5 numbers: 1 2 3 4 5

Menu:
1. Print the list
2. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
The list of numbers is: 1 2 3 4 5

Menu:
1. Print the list
2. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Exiting the program.
5.Write a menu driven program to read a list of numbers and perform the following operations
b. Delete duplicates from the list
#include <stdio.h>

void print_menu() {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Print the list\n");
printf("2. Delete duplicates from the list\n");
printf("3. Exit\n");
}

void print_list(int numbers[], int size) {

if (size == 0) {
printf("The list is empty.\n");
} else {
printf("The list of numbers is: ");
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("%d ", numbers[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}

int delete_duplicates(int numbers[], int size) {

if (size == 0) {
return 0;
}

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int new_size = size;

for (int i = 0; i < new_size; i++) {

for (int j = i + 1; j < new_size; j++) {
if (numbers[i] == numbers[j]) {
// Shift elements to the left to overwrite the duplicate
for (int k = j; k < new_size - 1; k++) {
numbers[k] = numbers[k + 1];
}
new_size--; // Reduce the size of the list
j--; // Stay at the current index to check the new element
}
}
}

return new_size; // Return the new size after duplicates are removed
}

int main() {
int numbers[100], size, choice;

// Reading the list of numbers

printf("Enter the number of elements in the list: ");
scanf("%d", &size);

if (size > 0) {
printf("Enter %d numbers: ", size);
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
scanf("%d", &numbers[i]);
}
}

do {
print_menu();
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {
case 1:
print_list(numbers, size);
break;
case 2:
size = delete_duplicates(numbers, size);
printf("Duplicates removed.\n");
break;
case 3:
printf("Exiting the program.\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice, please try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 3);

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return 0;
}
Enter the number of elements in the list: 6
Enter 6 numbers: 1 2 3 2 4 5

Menu:
1. Print the list
2. Delete duplicates from the list
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
The list of numbers is: 1 2 3 2 4 5

Menu:
1. Print the list
2. Delete duplicates from the list
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Duplicates removed.

Menu:
1. Print the list
2. Delete duplicates from the list
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
The list of numbers is: 1 2 3 4 5
5. Write a menu driven program to read a list of numbers and perform the following operations
2. Reverse the list

#include <stdio.h>

void print_menu() {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Print the list\n");
printf("2. Reverse the list\n");
printf("3. Exit\n");
}

void print_list(int numbers[], int size) {

if (size == 0) {
printf("The list is empty.\n");
} else {
printf("The list of numbers is: ");
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("%d ", numbers[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}

void reverse_list(int numbers[], int size) {

int temp;
for (int i = 0; i < size / 2; i++) {

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temp = numbers[i];
numbers[i] = numbers[size - i - 1];
numbers[size - i - 1] = temp;
}
}

int main() {
int numbers[100], size, choice;

// Reading the list of numbers

printf("Enter the number of elements in the list: ");
scanf("%d", &size);

if (size > 0) {
printf("Enter %d numbers: ", size);
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
scanf("%d", &numbers[i]);
}
}

do {
print_menu();
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {
case 1:
print_list(numbers, size);
break;
case 2:
reverse_list(numbers, size);
printf("The list has been reversed.\n");
break;
case 3:
printf("Exiting the program.\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice, please try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 3);

return 0;
}

output
Enter the number of elements in the list: 5
Enter 5 numbers: 1 2 3 4 5

Menu:
1. Print the list
2. Reverse the list
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1

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 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

The list of numbers is: 1 2 3 4 5

Menu:
1. Print the list
2. Reverse the list
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
The list has been reversed.

Menu:
1. Print the list
2. Reverse the list
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
The list of numbers is: 5 4 3 2 1

6. Write a program to read a list of numbers and search for given number using binary search algorithm and if found
display its index otherwise display the message "element not found in the list" using functions

#include <stdio.h>

void sort_list(int numbers[], int size) {

int temp;
for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < size - i - 1; j++) {
if (numbers[j] > numbers[j + 1]) {
temp = numbers[j];
numbers[j] = numbers[j + 1];
numbers[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
}

int binary_search(int numbers[], int size, int target) {

int left = 0, right = size - 1;

while (left <= right) {

int middle = (left + right) / 2;

if (numbers[middle] == target) {
return middle; // Return index if the target is found
}
else if (numbers[middle] < target) {
left = middle + 1;
}
else {
right = middle - 1;
}
}

return -1; // Return -1 if the target is not found

}

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void print_list(int numbers[], int size) {

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("%d ", numbers[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}

int main() {
int numbers[100], size, target, result;

// Read the list of numbers

printf("Enter the number of elements in the list: ");
scanf("%d", &size);

printf("Enter %d numbers: ", size);

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
scanf("%d", &numbers[i]);
}

// Sort the list for binary search

sort_list(numbers, size);

// Print the sorted list

Enter the number of elements in the
list: 5
Enter 5 numbers: 5 2 9 1 4
Sorted list: 1 2 4 5 9
Enter the number to search: 4
Element found at index 2

7. Write a menu driven program to read two matrices and compute their sum and product using functions

#include <stdio.h>

void print_menu() {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Print matrices\n");
printf("2. Add matrices\n");
printf("3. Multiply matrices\n");
printf("4. Exit\n");
}

void read_matrix(int matrix[10][10], int rows, int cols) {

printf("Enter the elements of the matrix (%d x %d):\n", rows, cols);
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}
}

void print_matrix(int matrix[10][10], int rows, int cols) {

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printf("Matrix (%d x %d):\n", rows, cols);

for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("%d ", matrix[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}

void add_matrices(int matrix1[10][10], int matrix2[10][10], int result[10][10], int rows, int cols) {
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
result[i][j] = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j];
}
}
}

void multiply_matrices(int matrix1[10][10], int matrix2[10][10], int result[10][10], int rows1, int cols1, int rows2,
int cols2) {
// Initialize result matrix with 0
for (int i = 0; i < rows1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols2; j++) {
result[i][j] = 0;
}
}

for (int i = 0; i < rows1; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < cols2; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < cols1; k++) {
result[i][j] += matrix1[i][k] * matrix2[k][j];
}
}
}
}

int main() {
int matrix1[10][10], matrix2[10][10], result[10][10];
int rows1, cols1, rows2, cols2, choice;

// Read the dimensions of the first matrix

printf("Enter the number of rows and columns for the first matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d", &rows1, &cols1);
read_matrix(matrix1, rows1, cols1);

// Read the dimensions of the second matrix

printf("Enter the number of rows and columns for the second matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d", &rows2, &cols2);
read_matrix(matrix2, rows2, cols2);

if (rows1 != rows2 || cols1 != cols2) {

printf("For matrix addition, both matrices must have the same dimensions.\n");
}
if (cols1 != rows2) {

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 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

printf("For matrix multiplication, the number of columns of the first matrix must be equal to the number of
rows of the second matrix.\n");
}

do {
print_menu();
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("First Matrix:\n");
print_matrix(matrix1, rows1, cols1);
printf("Second Matrix:\n");
print_matrix(matrix2, rows2, cols2);
break;

case 2:
if (rows1 == rows2 && cols1 == cols2) {
add_matrices(matrix1, matrix2, result, rows1, cols1);
printf("Result of matrix addition:\n");
print_matrix(result, rows1, cols1);
} else {
printf("Matrices must have the same dimensions to add.\n");
}
break;

case 3:
if (cols1 == rows2) {
multiply_matrices(matrix1, matrix2, result, rows1, cols1, rows2, cols2);
printf("Result of matrix multiplication:\n");
print_matrix(result, rows1, cols2);
} else {
printf("Matrix multiplication not possible. The number of columns of the first matrix must be equal to
the number of rows of the second matrix.\n");
}
break;

case 4:
printf("Exiting the program.\n");
break;

default:
printf("Invalid choice, please try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 4);

return 0;
}
Enter the number of rows and columns for the first matrix: 2 2
Enter the elements of the matrix (2 x 2):
12
34

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 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

Enter the number of rows and columns for the second matrix: 2
2
Enter the elements of the matrix (2 x 2):
56
78

Menu:
1. Print matrices
2. Add matrices
3. Multiply matrices
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
First Matrix:
12
34
Second Matrix:
56
78

Menu:
1. Print matrices
2. Add matrices
3. Multiply matrices
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Result of matrix addition:
68
10 12

Menu:
1. Print matrices
2. Add matrices
3. Multiply matrices
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
Result of matrix multiplication:
19 22
43 50

Menu:
1. Print matrices
2. Add matrices
3. Multiply matrices
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 4
Exiting the program.

8. Write a menu driven program to read list of student names and perform the following operations using functions.
1. To print list of names

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

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void print_menu() {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Print list of names\n");
printf("2. Sort names in ascending order\n");
printf("3. Print sorted list of names\n");
printf("4. Exit\n");
}

void print_names(char names[100][100], int n) {

if (n == 0) {
printf("The list of names is empty.\n");
} else {
printf("List of student names:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%s\n", names[i]);
}
}
}

void sort_names(char names[100][100], int n) {

char temp[100];

// Simple bubble sort to sort names

for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
if (strcmp(names[i], names[j]) > 0) {
strcpy(temp, names[i]);
strcpy(names[i], names[j]);
strcpy(names[j], temp);
}
}
}
printf("Names have been sorted in ascending order.\n");
}

int main() {
char names[100][100]; // Array to store up to 100 student names, each up to 100 characters long
int n, choice;

// Read the list of student names

printf("Enter the number of students: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
getchar(); // To consume the newline character after entering the number of students

printf("Enter the names of %d students:\n", n);

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
fgets(names[i], sizeof(names[i]), stdin);
names[i][strcspn(names[i], "\n")] = '\0'; //
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

void print_menu() {

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printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Print list of names\n");
printf("2. Sort names in ascending order\n");
printf("3. Print sorted list of names\n");
printf("4. Exit\n");
}

void print_names(char names[100][100], int n) {

if (n == 0) {
printf("The list of names is empty.\n");
} else {
printf("List of student names:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%s\n", names[i]);
}
}
}

void sort_names(char names[100][100], int n) {

char temp[100];

// Simple bubble sort to sort names

for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
if (strcmp(names[i], names[j]) > 0) {
strcpy(temp, names[i]);
strcpy(names[i], names[j]);
strcpy(names[j], temp);
}
}
}
printf("Names have been sorted in ascending order.\n");
}

int main() {
char names[100][100]; // Array to store up to 100 student names, each up to 100 characters long
int n, choice;

// Read the list of student names

printf("Enter the number of students: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
getchar(); // To consume the newline character after entering the number of students

printf("Enter the names of %d students:\n", n);

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
fgets(names[i], sizeof(names[i]), stdin);
names[i][strcspn(names[i], "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove the newline character
}

do {
print_menu();
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);

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 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

getchar(); // To consume the newline character after choice input

switch (choice) {
case 1:
print_names(names, n);
break;
case 2:
sort_names(names, n);
break;
case 3:
print_names(names, n); // After sorting, the list will be printed here
break;
case 4:
printf("Exiting the program.\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice, please try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 4);

return 0;
}

Enter the number of students: 4

Enter the names of 4 students:
John
Alice
Bob
Charlie

Menu:
1. Print list of names
2. Sort names in ascending order
3. Print sorted list of names
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
List of student names:
John
Alice
Bob
Charlie

Menu:
1. Print list of names
2. Sort names in ascending order
3. Print sorted list of names
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Names have been sorted in ascending
order.

Menu:
1. Print list of names

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 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

2. Sort names in ascending order

3. Print sorted list of names
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
List of student names:
Alice
Bob
Charlie
John

Menu:
1. Print list of names
2. Sort names in ascending order
3. Print sorted list of names
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 4
Exiting the program.
9. Write a c program that consists of recursive functions to find
1. Factorial of a given number
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to calculate factorial using recursion

int factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0 || n == 1) { // Base case: factorial of 0 or 1 is 1
return 1;
} else {
return n * factorial(n - 1); // Recursive case: n * factorial(n-1)
}
}

int main() {
int num;

// Read the number from the user

printf("Enter a number to find its factorial: ");
scanf("%d", &num);

// Ensure the number is non-negative

if (num < 0) {
printf("Factorial of a negative number is undefined.\n");
} else {
// Call the recursive factorial function and print the result
printf("Factorial of %d is %d\n", num, factorial(num));
}

return 0;
}

Enter a positive integer: 5

Factorial of 5 is 120
9.2 Print the Pascal triangle using binomial theorem

#include <stdio.h>

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 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

// Function to calculate factorial

long long factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0 || n == 1) {
return 1; // Base case
}
long long result = 1;
for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
result *= i; // Calculate factorial
}
return result;
}

// Function to calculate binomial coefficient

long long binomial_coefficient(int n, int k) {
return factorial(n) / (factorial(k) * factorial(n - k));
}

// Function to print Pascal's triangle

void print_pascals_triangle(int rows) {
for (int n = 0; n < rows; n++) {
for (int k = 0; k <= n; k++) {
printf("%lld ", binomial_coefficient(n, k)); // Print binomial coefficient
}
printf("\n"); // New line after each row
}
}

int main() {
int rows;

// Input number of rows from user

printf("Enter the number of rows for Pascal's Triangle: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);

printf("Pascal's Triangle:\n");
print_pascals_triangle(rows); // Print the triangle

return 0;
}
Enter the number of rows for Pascal's Triangle: 5
Pascal's Triangle:
1
11
121
1331
14641

Write a menu driven program to read list of student names and perform the following operations using array of
character pointers.
11. a) To insert a student name
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 19

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

#include <string.h>

#define MAX_STUDENTS 100

#define MAX_NAME_LENGTH 100

void print_menu() {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Insert a student name\n");
printf("2. Print list of student names\n");
printf("3. Exit\n");
}

void insert_student_name(char *students[], int *count) {

if (*count >= MAX_STUDENTS) {
printf("Student list is full. Cannot insert more names.\n");
return;
}

char name[MAX_NAME_LENGTH];
printf("Enter the student name: ");
fgets(name, sizeof(name), stdin);
name[strcspn(name, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline character

// Allocate memory for the new name and copy it to the students array
students[*count] = (char *)malloc((strlen(name) + 1) * sizeof(char));
if (students[*count] != NULL) {
strcpy(students[*count], name);
(*count)++;
printf("Student name '%s' inserted successfully.\n", name);
} else {
printf("Memory allocation failed. Unable to insert name.\n");
}
}

void print_student_names(char *students[], int count) {

if (count == 0) {
printf("No student names to display.\n");
return;
}

printf("List of student names:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
printf("%d. %s\n", i + 1, students[i]);
}
}

int main() {
char *students[MAX_STUDENTS]; // Array of character pointers
int count = 0; // Current number of students
int choice;

do {
print_menu();

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 20

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

printf("Enter your choice: ");

scanf("%d", &choice);
getchar(); // Consume the newline character after choice input

switch (choice) {
case 1:
insert_student_name(students, &count);
break;
case 2:
print_student_names(students, count);
break;
case 3:
printf("Exiting the program.\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice, please try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 3);

// Free allocated memory for student names

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
free(students[i]);
}

return 0;
}
Menu:
1. Insert a student name
2. Print list of student names
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the student name: John Doe
Student name 'John Doe' inserted successfully.

Menu:
1. Insert a student name
2. Print list of student names
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the student name: Alice Smith
Student name 'Alice Smith' inserted
successfully.

Menu:
1. Insert a student name
2. Print list of student names
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
List of student names:
1. John Doe
2. Alice Smith

Menu:

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 21

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

1. Insert a student name

2. Print list of student names
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
Exiting the program.

b) To delete a name

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_STUDENTS 100

#define MAX_NAME_LENGTH 100

void print_menu() {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Insert a student name\n");
printf("2. Print list of student names\n");
printf("3. Delete a student name\n");
printf("4. Exit\n");
}

void insert_student_name(char *students[], int *count) {

if (*count >= MAX_STUDENTS) {
printf("Student list is full. Cannot insert more names.\n");
return;
}

char name[MAX_NAME_LENGTH];
printf("Enter the student name: ");
fgets(name, sizeof(name), stdin);
name[strcspn(name, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline character

// Allocate memory for the new name and copy it to the students array
students[*count] = (char *)malloc((strlen(name) + 1) * sizeof(char));
if (students[*count] != NULL) {
strcpy(students[*count], name);
(*count)++;
printf("Student name '%s' inserted successfully.\n", name);
} else {
printf("Memory allocation failed. Unable to insert name.\n");
}
}

void print_student_names(char *students[], int count) {

if (count == 0) {
printf("No student names to display.\n");
return;
}

printf("List of student names:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 22

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

printf("%d. %s\n", i + 1, students[i]);

}
}

void delete_student_name(char *students[], int *count) {

if (*count == 0) {
printf("No student names to delete.\n");
return;
}

int index;
printf("Enter the index of the student name to delete (1 to %d): ", *count);
scanf("%d", &index);
getchar(); // Consume the newline character

if (index < 1 || index > *count) {

printf("Invalid index. Please try again.\n");
return;
}

// Free the memory allocated for the student name and shift the array
free(students[index - 1]);
for (int i = index - 1; i < *count - 1; i++) {
students[i] = students[i + 1];
}
students[*count - 1] = NULL; // Set the last pointer to NULL
(*count)--; // Decrease the count of student names

printf("Student name at index %d deleted successfully.\n", index);

}

int main() {
char *students[MAX_STUDENTS]; // Array of character pointers
int count = 0; // Current number of students
int choice;

do {
print_menu();
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
getchar(); // Consume the newline character after choice input

switch (choice) {
case 1:
insert_student_name(students, &count);
break;
case 2:
print_student_names(students, count);
break;
case 3:
delete_student_name(students, &count);
break;
case 4:

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 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

printf("Exiting the program.\n");

break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice, please try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 4);

// Free allocated memory for student names

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
free(students[i]);
}

return 0;
}

Menu:
1. Insert a student name
2. Print list of student names
3. Delete a student name
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the student name: John Doe
Student name 'John Doe' inserted successfully.

Menu:
1. Insert a student name
2. Print list of student names
3. Delete a student name
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the student name: Alice Smith
Student name 'Alice Smith' inserted successfully.

Menu:
1. Insert a student name
2. Print list of student names
3. Delete a student name
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
List of student names:
1. John Doe
2. Alice Smith

Menu:
1. Insert a student name
2. Print list of student names
3. Delete a student name
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
Enter the index of the student name to delete (1 to 2): 1
Student name at index 1 deleted successfully.

Menu:

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 24

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

1. Insert a student name

2. Print list of student names
3. Delete a student name
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
List of student names:
1. Alice Smith

Menu:
1. Insert a student name
2. Print list of student names
3. Delete a student name
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 4
Exiting the program.
c) To print the names
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_STUDENTS 100

#define MAX_NAME_LENGTH 100

void print_menu() {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Insert a student name\n");
printf("2. Print list of student names\n");
printf("3. Delete a student name\n");
printf("4. Exit\n");
}

void insert_student_name(char *students[], int *count) {

if (*count >= MAX_STUDENTS) {
printf("Student list is full. Cannot insert more names.\n");
return;
}

char name[MAX_NAME_LENGTH];
printf("Enter the student name: ");
fgets(name, sizeof(name), stdin);
name[strcspn(name, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline character

// Allocate memory for the new name and copy it to the students array
students[*count] = (char *)malloc((strlen(name) + 1) * sizeof(char));
if (students[*count] != NULL) {
strcpy(students[*count], name);
(*count)++;
printf("Student name '%s' inserted successfully.\n", name);
} else {
printf("Memory allocation failed. Unable to insert name.\n");
}
}

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 25

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

void print_student_names(char *students[], int count) {

if (count == 0) {
printf("No student names to display.\n");
return;
}

printf("List of student names:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
printf("%d. %s\n", i + 1, students[i]);
}
}

void delete_student_name(char *students[], int *count) {

if (*count == 0) {
printf("No student names to delete.\n");
return;
}

int index;
printf("Enter the index of the student name to delete (1 to %d): ", *count);
scanf("%d", &index);
getchar(); // Consume the newline character

if (index < 1 || index > *count) {

printf("Invalid index. Please try again.\n");
return;
}

// Free the memory allocated for the student name and shift the array
free(students[index - 1]);
for (int i = index - 1; i < *count - 1; i++) {
students[i] = students[i + 1];
}
students[*count - 1] = NULL; // Set the last pointer to NULL
(*count)--; // Decrease the count of student names

printf("Student name at index %d deleted successfully.\n", index);

}

int main() {
char *students[MAX_STUDENTS]; // Array of character pointers
int count = 0; // Current number of students
int choice;

do {
print_menu();
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
getchar(); // Consume the newline character after choice input

switch (choice) {
case 1:
insert_student_name(students, &count);

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 26

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

break;
case 2:
print_student_names(students, count);
break;
case 3:
delete_student_name(students, &count);
break;
case 4:
printf("Exiting the program.\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice, please try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 4);

// Free allocated memory for student names

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
free(students[i]);
}

return 0;
}

12. Write a program to create an array of structures and display their content.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_STUDENTS 100

#define MAX_NAME_LENGTH 50

// Define a structure to hold student information

struct Student {
char name[MAX_NAME_LENGTH];
int age;
};

// Function to display student information

void display_students(struct Student students[], int count) {
printf("\nList of Students:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
printf("Student %d: Name: %s, Age: %d\n", i + 1, students[i].name, students[i].age);
}
}

int main() {
struct Student students[MAX_STUDENTS]; // Array of Student structures
int count = 0; // Number of students

printf("Enter the number of students (max %d): ", MAX_STUDENTS);

scanf("%d", &count);
getchar(); // Consume the newline character after the number input

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 27

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

// Ensure the count does not exceed the maximum limit

if (count > MAX_STUDENTS) {
printf("Error: Cannot enter more than %d students.\n", MAX_STUDENTS);
return 1;
}

// Input student information

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
printf("Enter name of student %d: ", i + 1);
fgets(students[i].name, sizeof(students[i].name), stdin);
students[i].name[strcspn(students[i].name, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline character

printf("Enter age of student %d: ", i + 1);

scanf("%d", &students[i].age);
getchar(); // Consume the newline character after age input
}

// Display student information

display_students(students, count);

return 0;
}
Enter the number of books (max 5): 2

Enter details for Book 1:

Title: The Great Gatsby
Publication Year: 1925
Author Name: F. Scott Fitzgerald
Author Country: USA

Enter details for Book 2:

Title: To Kill a Mockingbird
Publication Year: 1960
Author Name: Harper Lee
Author Country: USA

Library Book Information:

Book Title: The Great Gatsby

Publication Year: 1925
Author Name: F. Scott Fitzgerald
Author Country: USA

Book Title: To Kill a Mockingbird

Publication Year: 1960
Author Name: Harper Lee
Author Country: USA

13. Write a program to demonstrate nested structures.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

// Define a structure for Author

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 28

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

struct Author {
char name[50];
char country[50];
};

// Define a structure for Book, which contains a nested Author structure

struct Book {
char title[100];
int publication_year;
struct Author author; // Nested structure
};

// Function to display book information

void display_book_info(struct Book book) {
printf("\nBook Title: %s\n", book.title);
printf("Publication Year: %d\n", book.publication_year);
printf("Author Name: %s\n", book.author.name);
printf("Author Country: %s\n", book.author.country);
}

int main() {
struct Book books[5]; // Array of Book structures
int count;

printf("Enter the number of books (max 5): ");

scanf("%d", &count);
getchar(); // Consume the newline character after the number input

// Ensure the count does not exceed the maximum limit

if (count > 5) {
printf("Error: Cannot enter more than 5 books.\n");
return 1;
}

// Input book information

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
printf("\nEnter details for Book %d:\n", i + 1);

printf("Title: ");
fgets(books[i].title, sizeof(books[i].title), stdin);
books[i].title[strcspn(books[i].title, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline character

printf("Publication Year: ");

scanf("%d", &books[i].publication_year);
getchar(); // Consume the newline character after publication year input

printf("Author Name: ");

fgets(books[i].author.name, sizeof(books[i].author.name), stdin);
books[i].author.name[strcspn(books[i].author.name, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline character

printf("Author Country: ");

fgets(books[i].author.country, sizeof(books[i].author.country), stdin);
books[i].author.country[strcspn(books[i].author.country, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline character

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 29

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

// Display book information

printf("\nLibrary Book Information:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
display_book_info(books[i]);
}

return 0;
}

Menu:
1. Insert a student name
2. Print a student name
3. Print list of student names
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the student name: John Doe
Student name 'John Doe' inserted successfully.

Menu:
1. Insert a student name
2. Print a student name
3. Print list of student names
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the student name: Alice Smith
Student name 'Alice Smith' inserted successfully.

Menu:
1. Insert a student name
2. Print a student name
3. Print list of student names
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
List of student names:
1. John Doe
2. Alice Smith

Menu:
1. Insert a student name
2. Print a student name
3. Print list of student names
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter the index of the student name to print (1 to 2): 1
Student name at index 1: John Doe

Menu:
1. Insert a student name
2. Print a student name
3. Print list of student names
4. Exit

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 30

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

Enter your choice: 4

Exiting the program.
14. Write a program to create 10 student records and display those using pointers.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_STUDENTS 10
#define MAX_NAME_LENGTH 50

// Define a structure to hold student information

struct Student {
char name[MAX_NAME_LENGTH];
int age;
};

// Function to display student information

void display_students(struct Student *students, int count) {
printf("\nList of Students:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
printf("Student %d: Name: %s, Age: %d\n", i + 1, (students + i)->name, (students + i)->age);
}
}

int main() {
struct Student *students; // Pointer to Student structure
int count = MAX_STUDENTS;

// Allocate memory for 10 students

students = (struct Student *)malloc(count * sizeof(struct Student));
if (students == NULL) {
printf("Memory allocation failed.\n");
return 1;
}

// Input student information

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
printf("Enter name of student %d: ", i + 1);
fgets((students + i)->name, sizeof((students + i)->name), stdin);
(students + i)->name[strcspn((students + i)->name, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline character

printf("Enter age of student %d: ", i + 1);

scanf("%d", &(students + i)->age);
getchar(); // Consume the newline character after age input
}

// Display student information

display_students(students, count);

// Free allocated memory

free(students);

return 0;

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 31

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

}
Enter name of student 1: John Doe
Enter age of student 1: 20
Enter name of student 2: Alice Smith
Enter age of student 2: 22
Enter name of student 3: Bob Johnson
Enter age of student 3: 21
Enter name of student 4: Emily Davis
Enter age of student 4: 23
Enter name of student 5: Michael Brown
Enter age of student 5: 24
Enter name of student 6: Sarah Wilson
Enter age of student 6: 19
Enter name of student 7: David Lee
Enter age of student 7: 20
Enter name of student 8: Laura King
Enter age of student 8: 22
Enter name of student 9: Steven Clark
Enter age of student 9: 21
Enter name of student 10: Emma Walker
Enter age of student 10: 23

List of Students:
Student 1: Name: John Doe, Age: 20
Student 2: Name: Alice Smith, Age: 22
Student 3: Name: Bob Johnson, Age: 21
Student 4: Name: Emily Davis, Age: 23
Student 5: Name: Michael Brown, Age: 24
Student 6: Name: Sarah Wilson, Age: 19
Student 7: Name: David Lee, Age: 20
Student 8: Name: Laura King, Age: 22
Student 9: Name: Steven Clark, Age: 21
Student 10: Name: Emma Walker, Age: 23
15. Write a program to display the contents of a file

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
FILE *file; // Declare a file pointer
char filename[100]; // Buffer to hold the filename
char ch; // Variable to hold each character read

// Ask the user for the filename

printf("Enter the filename to open: ");
fgets(filename, sizeof(filename), stdin);
filename[strcspn(filename, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline character

// Open the file in read mode

file = fopen(filename, "r");
if (file == NULL) {
printf("Could not open file %s for reading.\n", filename);
return 1; // Exit if the file cannot be opened

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 32

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

// Display the contents of the file

printf("\nContents of the file '%s':\n", filename);
while ((ch = fgetc(file)) != EOF) { // Read character by character until EOF
putchar(ch); // Output the character to the console
}

// Close the file

fclose(file);
return 0;
}
Hello, World!
This is a test file.
It contains multiple lines.

Enter the source filename: source.txt

Enter the destination filename: destination.txt
Contents copied from source.txt to destination.txt successfully.
16. Write a program to copy the contents of one file into another file.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
FILE *sourceFile, *destinationFile; // Declare file pointers
char sourceFilename[100]; // Buffer for source filename
char destinationFilename[100]; // Buffer for destination filename
char ch; // Variable to hold each character read

// Ask the user for the source and destination filenames

printf("Enter the source filename: ");
fgets(sourceFilename, sizeof(sourceFilename), stdin);
sourceFilename[strcspn(sourceFilename, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline character

printf("Enter the destination filename: ");

fgets(destinationFilename, sizeof(destinationFilename), stdin);
destinationFilename[strcspn(destinationFilename, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline character

// Open the source file in read mode

sourceFile = fopen(sourceFilename, "r");
if (sourceFile == NULL) {
printf("Could not open source file %s for reading.\n", sourceFilename);
return 1; // Exit if the file cannot be opened
}

// Open the destination file in write mode

destinationFile = fopen(destinationFilename, "w");
if (destinationFile == NULL) {
printf("Could not open destination file %s for writing.\n", destinationFilename);
fclose(sourceFile); // Close the source file before exiting
return 1; // Exit if the file cannot be opened
}

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 33

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

// Copy the contents from source file to destination file

while ((ch = fgetc(sourceFile)) != EOF) { // Read character by character until EOF
fputc(ch, destinationFile); // Write the character to the destination file
}

// Close both files

fclose(sourceFile);
fclose(destinationFile);

printf("Contents copied from %s to %s successfully.\n", sourceFilename, destinationFilename);

return 0;
}
17. Write a program to append the contents of one file to another file
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
FILE *sourceFile, *destinationFile; // Declare file pointers
char sourceFilename[100]; // Buffer for source filename
char destinationFilename[100]; // Buffer for destination filename
char ch; // Variable to hold each character read

// Ask the user for the source and destination filenames

printf("Enter the source filename: ");
fgets(sourceFilename, sizeof(sourceFilename), stdin);
sourceFilename[strcspn(sourceFilename, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline character

printf("Enter the destination filename: ");

fgets(destinationFilename, sizeof(destinationFilename), stdin);
destinationFilename[strcspn(destinationFilename, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove newline character

// Open the source file in read mode

sourceFile = fopen(sourceFilename, "r");
if (sourceFile == NULL) {
printf("Could not open source file %s for reading.\n", sourceFilename);
return 1; // Exit if the file cannot be opened
}

// Open the destination file in append mode

destinationFile = fopen(destinationFilename, "a"); // Use "a" mode to append
if (destinationFile == NULL) {
printf("Could not open destination file %s for writing.\n", destinationFilename);
fclose(sourceFile); // Close the source file before exiting
return 1; // Exit if the file cannot be opened
}

// Append the contents from source file to destination file

while ((ch = fgetc(sourceFile)) != EOF) { // Read character by character until EOF
fputc(ch, destinationFile); // Write the character to the destination file
}

// Close both files

fclose(sourceFile);

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 34

 DATA SCIENCE I-SEM(C –LANGUAGE)

fclose(destinationFile);

printf("Contents appended from %s to %s successfully.\n", sourceFilename, destinationFilename);

return 0;
}
This is the content of the source file.
This is the content of the destination file.
Enter the source filename: source.txt
Enter the destination filename: destination.txt
Contents appended from source.txt to destination.txt successfully.
This is the content of the destination file.
This is the content of the source file.
18. Write a program to demonstrate the command line arguments.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

if (argc < 2) { // Check if at least one number is provided
printf("Usage: %s <number1> <number2> ... <numberN>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}

int sum = 0; // Variable to hold the sum

// Iterate over the command line arguments

for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
sum += atoi(argv[i]); // Convert argument to integer and add to sum
}

// Display the result

printf("The sum of the provided numbers is: %d\n", sum);
return 0;
}

gcc -o sum_numbers sum_numbers.c

./sum_numbers 10 20 30 40
The sum of the provided numbers is: 100

N.LAXMAN 9963640581 Page 35