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Sexual dysfunctions

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Sexual dysfunctions

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rk1212909090
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sexual dysfunctions

DR. REHANA NOOR


introduction

 Sexual dysfunction can be any problem that prevents a person or couple


from experiencing satisfaction from sexual activity.
 Being unable to enjoy or not wanting to engage in sexual activities may
be a sign of sexual dysfunction.
 It’s very common and highly treatable. Things like stress, health conditions,
medication or past sexual trauma can cause it.
 Up to 43% of women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB) and 31%
of men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB) report some degree of
sexual dysfunction
sexual response cycle

 The sexual response cycle is a four-stage model of a person’s response to


sexual stimulation. It includes:
1. Excitement: This phase includes desiring sex and becoming aroused. It
includes much of the sexual activity before intercourse such as foreplay, a
penis becoming erect or a clitoris swelling.
2. Plateau: This is the phase just before orgasm. Heart rate, muscle tension
and breathing intensify. A penis may discharge pre-ejaculate (pre-cum).
3. Orgasm: A sudden release of sexual tension and pleasure in your genitals.
Ejaculation occurs during orgasm.
4. Resolution: The calming down period just after orgasm. Your body relaxes
and your genitals return to their normal state.
examples of sexual dysfunction

1. Desire disorders: Lack of sexual desire or interest in sex. This may mean one
have no interest in any type of sexual activity.
2. Arousal disorders: Inability to become physically aroused or excited during
sexual activity. One may feel a desire for sex, but his/her body doesn’t
respond. In people with a penis, this could mean one can’t get an
erection.
3. Orgasm disorders: Delay or absence of orgasm (climax). You may feel
desire and arousal but be unable to orgasm.
4. Pain disorders: Pain during intercourse makes you not want to have sex.
Sexual dysfunction that affects
anyone

1. Lack of interest in or desire for sex (low


libido).
2. Inability to become aroused.
3. Pain with intercourse (dyspareunia).
4. Certain health conditions, treatments or
medications.
5. Changes in hormones such as low estrogen
or low testosterone.
Physical causes

1. Physical causes
2. Chronic conditions such as kidney or liver failure.
3. Diabetes.
4. Heart and vascular diseases.
5. Neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS) or nerve damage.
6. Hormonal imbalances.
7. Cancer.
8. Alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder (SUD).
9. Pregnancy and breastfeeding (chest feeding).
10. Menopause.
Psychological causes of sexual
dysfunction

1. Stress and Anxiety


2. Marital or relationship problems.
3. Depression.
4. Poor body image.
5. History of sexual trauma or abuse.
6. Depression or feelings of guilt.
7. Concerns about your sexual performance.
Medications may cause sexual
dysfunction

1. Tricyclic antidepressants, including amitriptyline


2. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
3. Antipsychotic medications
4. Anti-mania medications such as lithium carbonate
5. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Medication for Blood pressure
 Diuretics.
 Alpha-blockers.
 Beta-blockers.
Prognosis

 The success of treatment for sexual dysfunction depends on the underlying


cause of the problem.

 The outlook is generally good, with most people returning to a healthy and
pleasant sex life after treatment.
DSM5

 Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder(MHSDD)


Persistent or recurrently deficient sexual or erotic thoughts, fantasies, and desire
for sexual activity.
 Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
A complete lack of or significant reduction in sexual interest or sexual arousal. It is
diagnosed with three or more of the following symptoms are manifested. These
include the absence of an interest in sexual activity; or a decided reduction of
such; and an absence of fantasizing or even thinking sexual or erotic thoughts.
 Erectile disorder
Recurrent inability to achieve or maintain an adequate erection during partnered
sexual activities.
Cont…

 Female orgasmic disorder


A significant change in orgasm such as delay, reduction of intensity or
cessation.
 Delayed ejaculation (DE)
Persistent difficulty or inability to achieve orgasm despite the presence of
adequate desire, arousal, and stimulation.
 Premature (early) ejaculation
Persistent or recurrent pattern of ejaculation occurring during partnered
sexual activity within about one minute following vaginal penetration and
before the individual wishes it.
Cont…

 Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder


Difficulty having intercourse and feeling significant pain upon penetration.
 Substance/medication-induced sexual dysfunction
A condition in both men and women in which patients have difficulties
with sexual desire, arousal, and/or orgasm due to a side effect of certain
medications (legal or illicit).
 Other specified sexual dysfunction, and unspecified sexual dysfunction
Used when symptoms of a sexual dysfunction are present and cause
significant distress or impairment, but do not meet full criteria for any of
the other disorders.
Management & Treatment

 Education and communication: Education about sex and sexual behaviors and responses
may help you overcome anxieties about sexual function. Open dialogue with your
partner(s) about your needs and concerns also helps overcome many barriers to a
healthy sex life.
 Psychotherapy: Therapy with a trained counselor can help one address sexual trauma
from the past, feelings of anxiety, fear, guilt and poor body image. All of these factors
may affect sexual function.
 Behavioral treatments: These involve various techniques, including insights into harmful
behaviors in the relationship or techniques such as self-stimulation for treatment of
problems with arousal and/or orgasm.
 Sex therapy: Sex therapists can help people experiencing sexual problems that their
primary care provider can’t address. Therapists are often good marital counselors, as well.
 Medication: When a medication is the cause of the dysfunction, a change in the
medication may help. People with hormone deficiencies may benefit from hormone
shots, pills or creams.
Resourceful links

 https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/introtohumansexuality/chapter/chapt
er-17-sexual-dysfunction-and-treatment/

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