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Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA_CD)_

CSMA motes

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Varsha Kumaraguru
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22 views

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA_CD)_

CSMA motes

Uploaded by

Varsha Kumaraguru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Multiple access protocol

When a sender and receiver have a dedicated link to transmit data packets, the data link
control is enough to handle the channel. Suppose there is no dedicated path to
communicate or transfer the data between two devices. In that case, multiple stations
access the channel and simultaneously transmit the data over the channel. It may
create collisions and cross talk. Hence, the multiple access protocol is required to
reduce the collision and avoid crosstalk between the channels.

CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access)

It is a carrier sense multiple access based on media access protocol to sense the traffic
on a channel (idle or busy) before transmitting the data. It means that if the channel is
idle, the station can send data to the channel. Otherwise, it must wait until the channel
becomes idle. Hence, it reduces the chances of a collision on a transmission medium.

CSMA Access Modes

1-Persistent: In the 1-Persistent mode of CSMA that defines each node, first sense the
shared channel and if the channel is idle, it immediately sends the data. Else it must
wait and keep track of the status of the channel to be idle and broadcast the frame
unconditionally as soon as the channel is idle.
Non-Persistent: It is the access mode of CSMA that defines before transmitting the
data, each node must sense the channel, and if the channel is inactive, it immediately
sends the data. Otherwise, the station must wait for a random time (not continuously),
and when the channel is found to be idle, it transmits the frames.

P-Persistent: It is the combination of 1-Persistent and Non-persistent modes. The


P-Persistent mode defines that each node senses the channel, and if the channel is
inactive, it sends a frame with a P probability. If the data is not transmitted, it waits for a
(q = 1-p probability) random time and resumes the frame with the next time slot.
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD):

In this method, a station monitors the medium after it sends a frame to see if
the transmission was successful. If successful, the transmission is finished, if
not, the frame is sent again.

In the diagram, starts sending the first bit of its frame at t1 and since C sees
the channel idle at t2, starts sending its frame at t2. C detects A’s frame at t3
and aborts transmission. A detects C’s frame at t4 and aborts its
transmission. Transmission time for C’s frame is, therefore, t3-t2 and for
A’s frame is t4-t1

So, the frame transmission time (Tfr) should be at least twice the
maximum propagation time (Tp). This can be deduced when the two
stations involved in a collision are a maximum distance apart.
Flow Diagram for CSMA/CD

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