Strings in C++

Wednesday, September 28,

MITHIBAI COLLEGE 1
2022
 Strings in C++ ( Introduction)
• String is group of characters.
• No primitive(Built-in) data type for Strings in C++.
• But can be stored using Character Array.
• Strings in C++ are always terminated by special character
NULL (‘\0’) .

Wednesday, September 28,

KAUSHIK PANCHAL 2
2022
 Strings

char str[10];

str ‘m’ ‘i’ ‘t’ ‘h’ ‘i’ ‘b’ ‘a’ ‘i’ X X

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Wednesday, September 28,

KAUSHIK PANCHAL 3
2022
 Strings

char str[10];

str ‘m’ ‘i’ ‘t’ ‘h’ ‘i’ ‘b’ ‘a’ ‘i’ ‘\0’ x

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Null

Wednesday, September 28,

KAUSHIK PANCHAL 4
2022
 Strings
• To read a string (input from user)
– cin >> str ;
– This will read only single word.
• To read a string (including spaces)
– cin.getline(str, 80);

Name of character Max. number of

array character to be read

Wednesday, September 28,

KAUSHIK PANCHAL 5
2022
 Strings
• To display a string
– cout << str;

Name of character
array

Wednesday, September 28,

KAUSHIK PANCHAL 6
2022
 Example
To read a line of text and display it. Also find the length of string.
#include <iostream.h> int len;
#include <conio.h>
void main() for(len=0; str[len]!=‘\0’;len++)
{ {}
char str[80]; cout<<“Length of string : “ << len;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter a string : "; getch();
cin.getline(str,80); }
cout<<“String entered is : “;
cout << str ;

Wednesday, September 28,

KAUSHIK PANCHAL 7
2022
 Programs for Practice
1. WAP to read a line of text and count number of words in it.
2. WAP to read a line of text and count occurrence of letter ‘J’ in
string.
3. WAP to read a line of text and replace spaces with hyphen
and display modified string.
4. WAP to read a line of text and copy it to another string
without using library function.
5. WAP to read a line of text and print each character in new line
in reverse order
Wednesday, September 28,
KAUSHIK PANCHAL 8
2022
 WAP to read a line of text and count number of words in it.

#include <iostream.h> for(i=0; str[i]!=‘\0’;i++)

#include <conio.h> {
void main() if(str[i] == ‘ ‘)
{ word_count++;
char str[80]; }
int word_count = 0,i; word_count++; // no of spaces + 1
cout<<“Number of words : “
clrscr(); << word_count ;
cout<<"Enter a string : ";
cin.getline(str,80); getch();
cout<<“String entered is : “; }
cout << str ;

Wednesday, September 28,

KAUSHIK PANCHAL 9
2022
 WAP to read a line of text and count occurrence of letter ‘J’ in string.
#include <iostream.h> for(i=0; str[i]!=‘\0’;i++)
#include <conio.h> {
void main() if(str[i] == ‘J‘)
{ count++;
char str[80]; }
int count = 0,i;
cout<<“ Count of letter J : “
clrscr(); << count ;
cout<<"Enter a string : ";
cin.getline(str,80); getch();
cout<<“String entered is : “; }
cout << str << endl;

Wednesday, September 28,

KAUSHIK PANCHAL 10
2022
 WAP to read a line of text and replace spaces with hyphen and display modified string
#include <iostream.h> for(i=0; str[i]!=‘\0’;i++)
#include <conio.h> {
void main() if(str[i] == ‘ ‘)
{ str[i] = ‘-‘;
char str[80]; }
int i; cout<<“ Modified String : “ << str ;

clrscr(); getch();
cout<<"Enter a string : "; }
cin.getline(str,80);
cout<<“Original string : “;
cout << str << endl;

Wednesday, September 28,

KAUSHIK PANCHAL 11
2022
 WAP to read a line of text and copy it to another string without using library function
#include <iostream.h> for(i=0 ; a[i]!=‘\0’ ; i++ )
#include <conio.h> {
void main() b[i] = a[i];
{ }
char a[80], b[80];
int i; b[i] = ‘\0’; // append null

clrscr(); cout<<“ Copied String : “ << b ;

cout<<"Enter a string : ";
cin.getline(a,80); getch();
cout<<“Original string : “; }
cout << a << endl;

Wednesday, September 28,

KAUSHIK PANCHAL 12
2022
 WAP to read a line of text and print each character in new line in reverse order.
#include <iostream.h> // first find length of string
#include <conio.h> for(len=0 ; a[len]!=‘\0’ ; len++ )
void main() {}
{ cout<<“Reverse string : “;
char a[80];
int i,len; // then start printing from len - 1
for(i=len-1 ; i>=0 ; i-- )
clrscr(); {
cout<<"Enter a string : "; cout << a[i] << endl ;
cin.getline(a,80); }

cout<<“String entered is : “; getch();

cout<< a ; }

Wednesday, September 28,

KAUSHIK PANCHAL 13
2022
 Programs
1. WAP to read a line of text and reverse it.
(user defined function)

Wednesday, September 28,

KAUSHIK PANCHAL 14
2022
 Reverse string ( user defined function)
#include <iostream.h> void reverse ( char str[] )
#include <conio.h> {
void reverse ( char str[] ); int i,j,len;
void main()
{ for(len=0;str[len]!=‘\0’;len++)
char a[80]; {}
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter a string : "; for(i=0,j=len-1 ; i < j ; i++,j-- )
cin.getline(a,80); {
cout<<“String entered : “; char t = str[i];
cout<< a << endl; str[i] = str[j];
reverse(a); str[j] = t ;
cout<<“Reversed string : “ << a ; }
getch(); }
}

Wednesday, September 28,

KAUSHIK PANCHAL 15
2022
 Strings in C++ ( library functions)
• Header file : string.h
• Example :
– strlen(a) : returns length of string stored in char array a.
– strcpy(s1,s2) : Copies string s2 to s1.
– strrev(s1) : reverses all the character in s1 (except null).
– strcmp(s1,s2) : Compares the string s1 with s2 and returns an integer
value.
• If s1 < s2 then returns value <0
• If s1 = s2 then returns value =0
• If s1 > s2 then returns value >0

Wednesday, September 28,

KAUSHIK PANCHAL 16
2022