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Riemannian Exercise 02

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4 views

Riemannian Exercise 02

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friedrichconqueror
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sommersemester 2024 29 April, 2024

Jesse Ratzkin

Second Exercise Sheet for Riemann Geometry


1. (Problem 2-4 in Lee’s book) Let R+ = (0, ∞) and equip R+ × Sn−1 with the warped product metric
◦ ◦
dρ2 + ρ2 g, where g is the usual round metric on the unit sphere Sn−1 . (This warped product is usually
n−1
denotes R+ ×ρ S .) Show that the mapping (ρ, θ) → ρθ is an isometry between R+ ×ρ Sn−1 and Rn \{0},
equipped with the usual Euclidean metric.
2. (Problem 2-7 from Lee’s book) [Stiefel manifolds] Let 0 < k < n and let Gk (Rn ) denote the Grassmann
manifold of k-dimensional subspaces in Rn . Observe that for each V1 , V2 ∈ Gk (Rn ) there exists an invertible
linear transformation A ∈ Gl(n, R) sending V1 to V2 (in fact there are many!); in other words, Gl(n, R)
acts transitively on Gk (Rn ). Moreover Gk (Rn ) admits a unique smooth structure such that this action is
smooth, turning the Grassmann manifold into a smooth homogeneous space.
(a) Let Vk (Rn ) be the set of ordered k-tuples of orthonomal vectors in Rn . We can identify Vk (Rn ) as
a subspace of Mn×k (R), the set of matrices with n rows and k columns and real entries, by writing
each vector as a column. Prove that Vk (Rn ) is a smooth submanifold of Mn×k (R) of dimension
k(2n − k − 1)
. This submanifold is usually called the Stiefel manifold. Hint: consider the map
2
Φ : Mn×k (R) → Mk×k (R), Φ(A) = AT A.

(b) Show that π : Vk (Rn ) → Gk (Rn ), sending a k-tuple to its span, is a smooth, surjective submersion.
(c) The Stiefel manifold inherits a Riemannian metric from the Hilbert-Schmidt metric on Mn×k (R),
which is given by ⟨A, B⟩ = tr(AT B). Show that the right action of O(k) on Vk (Rn ) is isometric,
vertical and transitive on the fibers of π. Thus there exists a unique metric on Gk (Rn ) such that π
is a Riemannian submersion.
3. (Problem 2-18 in Lee’s book) [Hodge star operator] Let (M, g) be an oriented Riemannian manifold. Recall
that the Riemannian volume element is given locally in coordinates by
p
dµg = det(g)dx1 ∧ · · · ∧ dxn .

(a) Show for each k = 0, 1, . . . , n there exists a unique smooth bundle homomorphism
^k ^n−k
∗: (M ) → (M ), ω ∧ ∗η = ⟨ω, η⟩g dµg .

One usually calls ∗ the Hodge star operator. (Hint: first prove uniqueness, and then choose a local
orthonormal co-frame {ε1 , . . . , εn } and define ∗εi1 ∧ · · · ∧ εik as a multiple εik+1 ∧ · · · εin , where
i1 , . . . , in is a permutation of {1, . . . , n}.)
V0 Vn
(b) Show that ∗ : (M ) = C ∞ (M ) → (M ) is given by ∗f = f dµg .
k(n−k)
Vk
(c) Prove that ∗ ∗ ω = (−1) ω for each ω ∈ (M ).
4. (Problem 3-5 in Lee’s book)
◦ ◦
(a) Show that (Sn (R), g R ) is isometric to (Sn (1), R2 g) for each R > 0.
⌣ ⌣
(b) Show that (Hn (R), g R ) is isometric to (Hn (1), R2 g) for each R > 0.
(c) Why do we not define the metric δR = R2 δ on Rn ?

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