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Names: Taylor, Shelley E., author.Title: Health psychology / Shelley Taylor,
University of California, Los Angeles.Description: Tenth edition. | New
York, NY : McGraw-Hill Education, [2018] |Includes bibliographical
references and indexes.Identifiers: LCCN 2016044904| ISBN
9781259870477 | ISBN 1259870472Subjects: LCSH: Clinical health
psychology. | Medicine, Psychosomatic. | BISAC:PSYCHOLOGY /
General.Classification: LCC R726.7 .T39 2017 | DDC 616.08—dc23LC
record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016044904

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of
publication. The inclusion of awebsite does not indicate an endorsement by
the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw-Hill Education does
not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.

mheducation.com/highered
For Nathaniel

v
ABOUT THE AUTHOR

SHELLEY E. TAYLOR is Distinguished Professor of Psychology at

theUniversity of California, Los Angeles. She received her Ph.D. in social
psychol-ogy from Yale University. After a visiting professorship at Yale and
assistant andassociate professorships at Harvard University, she joined the
faculty of UCLA.Her research interests concern the psychological and
social factors that promoteor compromise mental and physical health across
the life span. Professor Tayloris the recipient of a number of awards—most
notably, the American PsychologicalAssociation’s Distinguished Scientific
Contribution to Psychology Award, a10-year Research Scientist
Development Award from the National Institute ofMental Health, and an
Outstanding Scientific Contribution Award in Health Psy-chology. She is
the author of more than 350 publications in journals and booksand is the
author of Social Cognition , Social Psychology , Positive Illusions, and The
Tending Instinct . She is a member of the National Academies of Science
andthe National Academy of Medicine.

vi
CONTENTS

PREFACE XV

PA R T 1

INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 1

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 2

What Is Health Psychology? 2

Definition of Health Psychology 3

Why Did Health Psychology Develop? 3

The Mind-Body Relationship: A Brief History 4

The Rise of the Biopsychosocial Method 5

Psychosomatic Medicine 5Advantages of the Biopsychosocial Model

5Clinical Implications of the BiopsychosocialModel 6The Biopsychosocial
Model: The Case History ofNightmare Deaths 6

The Need for Health Psychology 6

Changing Patterns of Illness 7Advances in Technology and Research

8Expanded Health Care Services 8Increased Medical Acceptance 9

Health Psychology Research 9

The Role of Theory in Research 9Experiments 10Correlational Studies

10Prospective and Retrospective Designs 10The Role of Epidemiology in
Health Psychology 11Methodological Tools 11Qualitative Research 12

What Is Health Psychology Training For? 12

The Systems of the Body 14

The Nervous System 15

Overview 15The Brain 15 B O X 2.1 Costs of War to the Brain 17The Role
of Neurotransmitters 17Disorders of the Nervous System 17

The Endocrine System 19

Overview 19The Adrenal Glands 19Disorders Involving the Endocrine

System 19

The Cardiovascular System 20

Overview 20The Heart 20Disorders of the Cardiovascular System 21Blood

Pressure 22The Blood 22

The Respiratory System 23

Overview 23The Structure and Functions of the RespiratorySystem

23Disorders Associated with the Respiratory System 24Dealing with
Respiratory Disorders 25

vii
viii

Contents

The Digestive System and the Metabolism of Food 25

Overview 25The Functioning of the Digestive System 25Disorders of the

Digestive System 25

The Renal System 27

Overview 27Disorders of the Renal System 27

The Reproductive System 28

Overview 28The Ovaries and Testes 28Fertilization and Gestation

28Disorders of the Reproductive System 28

PA R T 2

Genetics and Health 29

Overview 29Genetics and Susceptibility to Disorders 29

The Immune System 31

Overview 31Infection 31The Course of Infection 31 B O X 2.2 Portraits of

Two Carriers 32Immunity 32Disorders Related to the Immune System 34

HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND PRIMARY PREVENTION 37

CHAPTER 3

Health Behaviors 38

An Introduction to Health Behaviors 39

Role of Behavioral Factors in Disease andDisorder 39

Health Promotion: An Overview 39

Health Behaviors and Health Habits 39Practicing and Changing Health

Behaviors:An Overview 40Barriers to Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
41Intervening with Children and Adolescents 42Intervening with At-Risk
People 43Health Promotion and Older Adults 44Ethnic and Gender
Differences in Health Risksand Habits 45

Changing Health Habits 45

Attitude Change and Health Behavior 45The Health Belief Model 47The
Theory of Planned Behavior 47Criticisms of Attitude Theories 49Self
Regulation and Health Behavior 49Self Determination Theory
49Implementation Intentions 49Health Behavior Change and the Brain 50

Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches to HealthBehavior Change 50

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) 50Self-Monitoring 50Stimulus Control

51The Self-Control of Behavior 51

Classical Conditioning 52Operant Conditioning 53 B O X 3.3 Modeling

54Social Skills and Relaxation Training 54Motivational Interviewing
54Relapse Prevention 55Evaluation of CBT 56

B O X 3.1

B O X 3.2

The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change 56

Stages of Change 56Using the Stage Model of Change 57

Changing Health Behaviors Through SocialEngineering 58

Venues for Health-Habit Modification 59

The Practitioner’s Office 59The Family 59Self-Help Groups 60Schools

60Workplace Interventions 60Community-Based Interventions 60The Mass
Media 61Cellular Phones and Landlines 61The Internet 61
CHAPTER 4

Health-Promoting Behaviors 64

Exercise 65

Benefits of Exercise 65Determinants of Regular Exercise 66Exercise

Interventions 67
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ix

Accident Prevention 68

Home and Workplace Accidents 68Motorcycle and Automobile Accidents

69

Vaccinations and Screening 69

Vaccinations 70Screenings 70

Colorectal Cancer Screening 71

Sun Safety Practices 71

Developing a Healthy Diet 72

Changing Diet 73Resistance to Modifying Diet 73 Sleep 75

What Is Sleep? 75Sleep and Health 75

Rest, Renewal, Savoring 76

Evaluation of Cognitive-Behavioral Weight-LossTechniques 90Taking a

Public Health Approach 90

Eating Disorders 91

Anorexia Nervosa 91 B O X 5.3 The Barbie Beauty Battle 92Bulimia

93Binge Eating Disorder 94

Alcoholism and Problem Drinking 94

The Scope of the Problem 94What Is Substance Dependence?

95Alcoholism and Problem Drinking 95Origins of Alcoholism and Problem
Drinking 95Treatment of Alcohol Abuse 96Treatment Programs 97 B O X
5.4 After the Fall of the Berlin Wall 97 B O X 5.5 A Profile of Alcoholics
Anonymous 98 B O X 5.6 The Drinking College Student 99Evaluation of
Alcohol Treatment Programs 100Preventive Approaches to Alcohol Abuse
100Drinking and Driving 101Is Modest Alcohol Consumption a
HealthBehavior? 101

Smoking 101

Synergistic Effects of Smoking 102A Brief History of the Smoking

Problem 102Why Do People Smoke? 103Nicotine Addiction and Smoking
105Interventions to Reduce Smoking 106Smoking Prevention Programs
109 B O X 5.7 The Perils of Secondhand Smoke 110

CHAPTER 5

Health-Compromising Behaviors 79

Characteristics of Health-Compromising Behaviors 80

Obesity 81

What Is Obesity? 81Obesity in Childhood 83 B O X 5.1 The Biological

Regulation of Eating 85SES, Culture, and Obesity 85Obesity and Dieting as
Risk Factors for Obesity 86Stress and Eating 87Interventions 87 B O X 5.2
Don’t Diet 88Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) 88

PA R T 3

STRESS AND COPING 113

CHAPTER 6

Stress 114

What Is Stress? 115

What Is a Stressor? 115Appraisal of Stressors 115

Origins of the Study of Stress 115

Fight or Flight 115Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome 115Tend-and-
Befriend 117How Does Stress Contribute to Illness? 117

The Physiology of Stress 118

Effects of Long-Term Stress 119Individual Differences in Stress Reactivity

120Physiological Recovery 121Allostatic Load 121 B O X 6.1 Can Stress
Affect Pregnancy? 122

What Makes Events Stressful? 122

Dimensions of Stressful Events 122Must Stress Be Perceived as Such to Be

Stressful? 123Can People Adapt to Stress? 124
x

Contents

How Has Stress Been Studied? 124

Studying Stress in the Laboratory 124Must a Stressor Be Ongoing to Be

Stressful? 124Inducing Disease 125Stressful Life Events 125 B O X 6.2
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 126Daily Stress 127 Sources of Chronic
Stress 128

Effects of Early Stressful Life Experiences 128 B O X 6.3 Can an Exciting

Sports Event Kill You?Cardiovascular Events During World CupSoccer 128

B O X 6.4

B O X 6.5

Psychosocial Resources 140 B O X 7.2 Religion, Coping, and Well-Being

142Resilience 142Coping Style 143Problem-Focused and Emotion-Focused
Coping 144 B O X 7.3 The Brief COPE 145

Coping and External Resources 146

B O X 7.4

Coping with HIV 146

Coping Outcomes 147

Coping Interventions 147

Mindfulness Meditation and Acceptance/CommitmentTherapy

147Expressive Writing 148Self-Affirmation 149Relaxation Training
149Coping Skills Training 149

Social Support 151

What Is Social Support? 151Effects of Social Support on Illness 152 B O X
7.5 Is Social Companionship an ImportantPart of Your Life?
153Biopsychosocial Pathways 153Moderation of Stress by Social Support
154What Kinds of Support Are Most Effective? 155 B O X 7.6 Can Bad
Relationships Affect YourHealth? 156Enhancing Social Support 157

PA R T 4

A Measure of Perceived Stress 129

The Measurement of Daily Strain 130

Chronic Stressful Conditions 130Stress in the Workplace 131 B O X 6.6

Can Prejudice Harm Your Health? 132Some Solutions to Workplace
Stressors 134Combining Work and Family Roles 134

CHAPTER 7

Coping, Resilience, and Social Support 137

Coping with Stress and Resilience 138

Personality and Coping 138 B O X 7.1 The Measurement of Optimism:The

LOT-R 140

SEEKING AND USING HEALTH CARE SERVICES 159

CHAPTER 8

Using Health Services 160

Recognition and Interpretation of Symptoms 161

Recognition of Symptoms 161Interpretation of Symptoms 162Cognitive

Representations of Illness 162 B O X 8.1 Can Expectations Influence
Sensations?The Case of Premenstrual Symptoms 163Lay Referral Network
164The Internet 164

Who Uses Health Services? 164

Age 164Gender 164

Social Class and Culture 165Social Psychological Factors 165 Misusing

Health Services 165

Using Health Services for EmotionalDisturbances 165Delay Behavior 166

B O X 8.2 The June Bug Disease: A Case ofHysterical Contagion 167

CHAPTER 9

Patients, Providers, and Treatments 170

Health Care Services 171

Patient Consumerism 171

Contents

xi

Structure of the Health Care Delivery System 171Patient Experiences with

Managed Care 172

The Nature of Patient-Provider Communication 173

Setting 173Provider Behaviors That Contribute to FaultyCommunication

174 B O X 9.1 What Did You Say?: Language Barriersto Effective
Communication 175Patients’ Contributions to Faulty Communication
175Interactive Aspects of the CommunicationProblem 176

Results of Poor Patient-Provider Communication 177

Nonadherence to Treatment Regimens 177Good Communication 177

What Are Some Ways to ImproveAdherence to Treatment? 178 Improving

Patient-Provider Communication andIncreasing Adherence to
Treatment 178

B O X 9.2

Who Uses CAM? 192Complementary and Alternative Medicine: AnOverall

Evaluation 192

The Placebo Effect 193

History of the Placebo 193What Is a Placebo? 193Provider Behavior and

Placebo Effects 194 B O X 9.6 Cancer and the Placebo Effect 194Patient
Characteristics and Placebo Effects 194Patient-Provider Communication
and PlaceboEffects 195Situational Determinants of Placebo Effects
195Social Norms and Placebo Effects 195The Placebo as a Methodological
Tool 196

CHAPTER 10

The Management of Pain andDiscomfort 199

The Elusive Nature of Pain 201

A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Pain:The Childbirth Experience

202Measuring Pain 202The Physiology of Pain 204 B O X 10.2 Headache
Drawings Reflect Distress andDisability 204 B O X 10.3 Phantom Limb
Pain: A Case History 206Neurochemical Bases of Pain and Its Inhibition
206

B O X 10.1

Teaching Providers How to Communicate 178 B O X 9.3 What Can

Providers Do to Improve

Adherence? 179

The Patient in the Hospital Setting 180

Structure of the Hospital 181The Impact of Hospitalization on the Patient

182

Burnout Among Health CareProfessionals 183 Interventions to Increase

Information in HospitalSettings 184

B O X 9.4

Clinical Issues in Pain Management 207

Acute and Chronic Pain 207Pain and Personality 209

Pain Control Techniques 209

Pharmacological Control of Pain 210Surgical Control of Pain 210Sensory

Control of Pain 211Biofeedback 211Relaxation Techniques 211Distraction
212Coping Skills Training 213Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 214

Pain Management Programs 214

Initial Evaluation 215Individualized Treatment 215Components of

Programs 215Involvement of Family 215Relapse Prevention 215Evaluation
of Programs 215

The Hospitalized Child 184

B O X 9.5

Social Support and Distress fromSurgery 185

Preparing Children for Medical Interventions 185

Complementary and Alternative Medicine 186

Philosophical Origins of CAM 186

CAM Treatments 188

Dietary Supplements and Diets 188Prayer 188Acupuncture 189Yoga

189Hypnosis 190Meditation 190Guided Imagery 190Chiropractic Medicine
191Osteopathy 191Massage 191
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xii

Contents

PA R T 5

MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC AND TERMINALHEALTH

DISORDERS 217

CHAPTER 11

CHAPTER 12

Management of Chronic HealthDisorders 218

Quality of Life 220

What Is Quality of Life? 220Why Study Quality of Life? 220

Emotional Responses to Chronic Health Disorders 221

Denial 221Anxiety 222Depression 222

Personal Issues in Chronic Health Disorders 223

A Future of Fear 223The Physical Self 223The Achieving Self 224The

Social Self 224The Private Self 224

B O X 11.1

Psychological Issues in Advancing andTerminal Illness 239

Death Across the Life Span 240

Death in Infancy and Childhood 240Death in Adolescence and Young

Adulthood 243Death in Middle Age 244Death in Old Age 244

B O X 12.1
Why Do Women Live Longer ThanMen? 245

Psychological Issues in Advancing Illness 246

Continued Treatment and Advancing Illness 246 B O X 12.2 A Letter to

My Physician 247Psychological and Social Issues Related toDying 247 B O
X 12.3 Ready to Die: The Question of AssistedSuicide 248The Issue of
Nontraditional Treatment 249

Are There Stages in Adjustment to Dying? 249

K ü bler-Ross’s Five-Stage Theory 249Evaluation of K ü bler-Ross’s

Theory 250

Psychological Issues and the Terminally Ill 251

Medical Staff and the Terminally Ill Patient 251Counseling with the
Terminally Ill 253The Management of Terminal Illness in Children 253

Alternatives to Hospital Care for the Terminally Ill 253

Hospice Care 253Home Care 254 Problems of Survivors 254

B O X 12.4

Coping with Chronic Health Disorders 224

Coping Strategies and Chronic Health Disorders 224Patients’ Beliefs About

Chronic Health Disorders 225

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and OtherFunctional Disorders 226

Comanagement of Chronic Health Disorders 227

B O X 11.2

Physical Rehabilitation 227 B O X 11.3 Epilepsy and the Need for a

JobRedesign 228Vocational Issues in Chronic Health Disorders 228Social
Interaction Problems in Chronic HealthDisorders 228 B O X 11.4 Who
Works with People with ChronicHealth Disorders? 229Gender and the
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or King Alfred. I could not but smile, but Cousin Joslyn tells
me, that though the unhappy Henry did really pass a night
under this roof, there is a tradition that some sort of house
stood here in Alfred's time, and that the royal fugitive was
really here in some of his many wanderings. A part of the
house is as old as the time of Edward the Confessor, and
with its heavy, thick walls, low arches, and general massive
roughness, makes me think of our shrine of St. Ethelburga,
which I shall never see again.

[That was a mistake of mine. I saw all I desired and more

of that famous shrine afterward.]

We have now been here four days, and I am beginning to

feel at home. I have made friends with the old cat, who
after considering me a while, went off and returned with a
mouse, which mouse she deposited in my lap with an air of
great satisfaction. Cousin Joslyn says it was a tender of
service. I praised the old cat and took the mouse in my
hand, and then delivered it over to the kits, at which their
mother seemed quite satisfied. 'Twas an odd, but
methought a mighty pretty trick of the poor brute, and I
could see that Mistress Grace took it for a good omen.

I think Joyce is, however, the happiest of any one. As I said,

we have arrayed her anew in a dress something suited to
her quality, and with her tangled locks smoothed and
covered, her face and hands washed, and her eyes growing
less like a scared and beaten hound's, she is really a lovely
child. She is sixteen years old, but is so small and slight she
might easily pass for twelve, which my mother says is all
the better, as she is so backward in her education. She has
never learned to read, and has forgotten all she ever knew
about her religion, save a Hail Mary and a fragment of her
paternoster, which she says the chaplain at the hall taught
her.
Finding my late aunt's spindle and distaff lying in my room,
she begged that she might try to spin, saying that she had
once learned of Mistress Earle, and after some trials, in
which she showed great patience, she had the spindle
dancing merrily on the floor, and drew out a very smooth
even thread. She has asked me to teach her to read, and I
am going to try. Untaught as she is in everything that it
behooves a young lady to know, even in such every-day
matters as eating and sitting properly, she is attentive to
the slightest hint of my mother or Mistress Warner, who has
taken the poor orphan into her kind heart at once, and is
laying out great plans for teaching her white-seam, cut-
work, and lace-making. Warner has the sense and wisdom
to show great deference to Mistress Grace, as being so
many years the elder, and they get on well together; and
indeed Mistress Warner is a good Christian woman, as my
mother says.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

July 30.
THIS morning, coming into the hall, I found Joyce quite in
ecstasies over a pair of young choughs that Harry had got
for her at the risk of his neck. Harry, who is usually very shy
of strange young ladies, takes wonderfully to Joyce. She on
her part takes to everybody, and is growing so full of spirits
that mother now and then has to check her a little. She is
very good in general, I must say, though she now and then
shows her want of training in a little outburst of temper, and
yesterday was so rude to Grace that mother ordered her to
beg pardon, and on her refusal sent her to her room. Going
thither some hour or two after, I found her drowned in
tears, because she had offended my mother.

"You can easily make matters right," said I. "Go and beg my
mother's pardon and Grace's also, and all will be well."

"If it were anything but that," said she. "But to beg pardon
of a servant!"

I could hardly control my smiles, remembering the state

wherein we had found her not two weeks agone, but I said
gravely:

"As to that, Joyce, Grace's father was as good as your own,

and if he had been a hind, 'twould make no odds. 'Tis
obedience my mother requires, and she is right. Besides,
you have no right to despise servants. Don't you know that
our Lord Himself came not to be ministered to, but to
minister, and He says Himself, 'if any man will be great
among you, let him be your servant.' Let me read you
something about that in a book that tells all about Him."

So I fetched my Testament and read to her about our Lord's

washing the apostles' feet. She was impressed, I could see,
but her pride rose.
"If it were anything else," she said. "I would fast all day, or
lie on the floor, or—"

"Or do anything else that you wished to do, but not your
plain duty," said I, interrupting, for I began to be vexed with
her. "What does my mother care for your fastings, or lying
on the floor? Or what boots all these tears, so long as you
are proud, and wilful, and disobedient to the friend who has
rescued you from misery—perhaps from such a dreadful
death as my Lady Carey threatened you with? One simple,
honest act of obedience is worth all the tears, and fastings,
and penances in the world."

And with that I left her. I think my words had their effect,
for an hour after she came weeping to my mother, and knelt
by her very humbly, saying that she had begged Grace's
pardon and received it. My mother, on that, gave the child
her hand to kiss, and bade her bring her work and sit on the
stool beside her. So all was sunshine once more, and I think
the lesson has done Joyce good.

I have been making acquaintance with the village folk,

specially the women and children. They are very cordial to
me, and make much of me wherever I go, but I can
understand very little unless I have Grace or Cousin Joslyn
as interpreter. I am trying to learn something of their
language. Some of the younger people, and most of our
own servants speak English, after a sort, but they are all
much delighted whenever I muster confidence enough to air
my few Cornish phrases. They seem a good, kindly,
simpleminded set, very fond of Cousin Joslyn, who is their
physician and counsellor in all their trouble, looking up to
the priest with religious awe, and having as few vices as
one could reasonably expect.
They seem fond of the memory of their old Lady, though
one of the younger women whom I visited without Grace,
and who speaks English fairly, told me her Lady was "mortal
tiresome and meddlesome about cleaning and rearing of
babies." I hope I shall not be mortal tiresome, but if ever I
come here to live, 'tis a wonder if I don't have my say about
the rearing of these same babes.

I have already talked with Cousin Joslyn and Father Paul

about a plan for a dame school, where at least the maidens
might be taught the use of their fingers, in spinning,
knitting, and mending of their clothes. Mistress Warner
demurs at the knitting, which she says is work for ladies,
like embroidery and cut-work, and not for cottage maids.
But since it makes good warm hosen, I see not why they
should not learn it as well as spinning.

Our priest, Father Paul, as he likes to be called, instead of

Sir Paul, is one of an hundred. I never saw a better, purer
face than his, though 'tis wonderful thin and worn, and by
times full of care. He preaches every Sunday to the people,
and repeats whole chapters of the Gospels and Epistles.
Last Sunday 'twas that same which the Bishop gave us in
the convent, upon charity, though I did not know then
whence it came. ('Tis strange how far away seem those old
convent days. I can hardly think I am the same maid who
was content to spend hours over a cut-work cope, and
never had a thought beyond what my superiors told me, or
a doubt but that all our endless litanies to the Saints and
our Lady were true prayers. But this is by the way.) I am
sure Father Paul reads the Scriptures a great deal, for he is
always repeating them to the people, as I said, and makes
the most clear and practical applications of them to the
common matters of every-day life.
Then he visits a great deal from house to house, specially
where there is sickness or any trouble and he has composed
many quarrels, to which these Cornish folk are a good deal
given. He has made acquaintance with many of the wild
moormen, and even persuaded some of them to come to
the church now and then, to be wedded, and to have their
babes christened.

I saw one of these weddings one day, and gave the bride a
kerchief, which I had put in my pocket for some one in the
village. The whole party were greatly pleased, and this
morning the old mother of the bride came and brought me
a great basket of whortleberries, the finest I ever saw. She
would have no pay, so I gave her a pair of scissors and
some needles, and Mistress Grace added what the poor
thing seemed to value more than anything, a great loaf of
brown wheaten bread. She gave us to understand that her
child (not the bride, but another) was very ill, and could eat
little, but would like the bread. Thereupon Grace, always
compassionate, added a pot of honey, and a bottle of some
cordial medicine to her gift, and the poor woman went away
very happy.

'Tis strange with what a mixture of awe and contempt the

servants and villagers regard these wild folk, who do indeed
seem of another race than themselves. Cousin Joslyn thinks
the moor folk are remnants of the first race who inhabited
the country. I wish something might be done for them. But
indeed I might say the same for the whole land, not only of
Cornwall, but of our own Devon, and of all England.

Under what a worse than Egyptian darkness it lies! But one

can see the glimmering of dawn, and here and there a
mountain top touched by the sun; and I cannot help hoping
that better days are at hand. My mother, however, is not
sanguine—that is, she believes the truth will prevail, but
only after long waiting, and many hard, and it may be
bloody struggles. She has known the King from childhood,
and she says she believes if he puts down the power of the
Pope in this country 'twill be only to set himself in his place.
But these are too high and dangerous matters for me.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

Aug. 3.

SAD news! A courier came from home last night with the
mournful tidings that my Lord's little son seems to be failing
fast, and begging us to hurry home as quickly as possible,
that they may have the benefit of my mother's counsel.
Alas, poor little boy! I can see that my mother has little
hope of finding him alive, from the account which Master
Ellenwood writes of his state. Jasper Ellenwood, who hath
been bred a physician in the best Dutch and Paris schools,
is at the Court night and day, but he gives little
encouragement.

We leave to-morrow. Joyce is quite heart-broken at leaving

Mistress Grace, to whom, since their quarrel, she hath
greatly attached herself, and bestows some of her tears also
upon a beautiful young Spanish cat * which Cousin Joslyn
hath bestowed on her. Father says she may take it home if
she can get one of the men to carry it. The choughs, her
other pets, she leaves with Cousin Joslyn to be taught to
speak.

* What we now call a tortoise-shell—then a mighty rarity.

—D. C.

CHAPTER XXXV.

Aug. 5.
HERE we are at home again, safe and sound, having made
the journey in less than three days. The poor babe is alive,
and that is all. My Lady is like a ghost so pale, wasted and
woe-begone; but keeps up for the sake of her husband and
child. I see my mother has great fears for her.

Aug. 12.

My mother being so much at the great house, Joyce

naturally falls to me. She has been put to sleep in the little
green room which opens into mine, and sits with me every
morning doing her task in the hornbook and in sewing and
spinning. She takes to the use of her fingers readily
enough, but is sadly dull at her book. Master Ellenwood,
whom I consulted, advised me to give her pen and ink and
let her imitate the letters, and I think we shall get on better.
She is so good and tries so hard, that I cannot for very
shame get out of patience with her. In the afternoon we
take long walks and rides with Master Ellenwood or Harry
for escort, or go to see the sick folk in the village.

The babe still lingers, but we have no hope of his life. My

Lord is like one distracted, but more I think for the mother
than the child. He depends for everything on Richard, and
can hardly bear to have him out of sight; so we see little of
Dick. He will be the next heir if this poor boy dies, unless
there are others. The prior said as much to him the other
day, adding "that 'twas an ill wind," etc., (a fine speech for a
Churchman). My father said Richard's brow grew black, but
he answered courteously:
"If my prayers could keep the child alive, my reverend
Father, he would live to be as old as Abraham."

Whereat my father said the prior had the grace to look

ashamed. Poor old man, he himself cares for naught but
money, and I suppose he can't understand how any one can
be really disinterested.

I must not forget to say that the Spanish kitling made the
journey in the pocket of Harry's horseman's coat, sorely
discomposed at times by the shaking, and wailing pitifully,
but on the whole behaving very well.

We stopped for one night we were on the road at the same

yeoman's house as before, and had the same hearty
welcome. We heard that they found the old gaffer dead in
his bed the next day but one after our visit. The dame said
the words he had repeated to us were constantly on his lips
the last day of his life, and when she put him to bed, he
asked her "when that young lady would come again?" and
left his blessing for me. And after she left him, she heard
him murmuring over and over—"everlasting life—everlasting
life." Truly a happy end.
 CHAPTER XXXVI.

Aug. 18.

THE dear babe is gone—he died on the morning of the

thirteenth, and is buried in the churchyard of the Priory
Church, where both families have a right. My Lady tries to
keep up, but grows more feeble every day. My Lord is with
her every moment, Richard taking all cares off his hands.

"I wolde not brethren have you ignoraunt as

concernynge them which are fallen aslepe, that
ye sorowe not as wother do which have no
hope. For yf we beleve that Jesus died, and rose
agapne: even so them also which slepe by
Jesus, will God brynge agapne with him . . .
Therfore comfort youre selves one another with
these wordes."

Tessalonyans chap iv
[These words gave me great comfort in my sorrow, so I
have copied them here.]

CHAPTER XXXVII.

Aug. 20.

THIS morning my father and mother called me to a

conference. I knew my Lord had been with them, and went
thinking of nothing more important then perhaps that my
Lady desired me to stay with her; but saw at once by their
faces that there was more in the matter than that. My
mother bade me to a seat beside her, and then my father
said:

"Rosamond, here has been my Lord proposing—asking—"

then turning to my mother: "Madam, do you be spokesman
—I am a fool, and that is the whole on't!"

"My Lord has been proposing a match for you, daughter,

and your father wishes to know your mind before giving him
an answer. Richard Stanton wishes to make you his wife,
and my Lord also desires the match."

"You see, Dick is the next in succession, and my Lady is

very frail," added my father, "so 'tis proper and right that
Dick should marry. It seems, however, that Master Dick will
have nobody but his country cousin, after all the fair ladies
he has seen at court and abroad, and my Lord thinks he
could not do better."

I was covered with confusion, and could hardly look up.

"Well, what say you, chick?" asked my father. "Wilt wed

Dick Stanton, and live here at home? You might doubtless
make a richer and greater match, for even if my Lady
should not recover, my Lord is of an age to marry again,
and with my aunt's estate for a portion, you will not go
begging. But we all know and like Dick, who is good and
true as the day, and not so badly portioned either for a
younger son; besides that, my Lord will give him the estate
of Coombe Ashton, if he weds to his liking. So what say
you, daughter, for all rests with you? I will wed no child of
mine against her will."

I managed to murmur that I had no wish to oppose the will

of my parents and my kinsman; whereat my mother bent
down and kissed my brow, saying with a little gentle
mischief:

"See you, Sir Stephen, what a dutiful child we have here!"

"Aye, well broke, as old Job's horse, which would always go

well on the road homeward," said my father, smiling. "But
what think you my Lady Abbess will say, my Rose?"

"I fear she will be grieved," I answered; "but I could not

have returned to her, at any rate. Sister Catherine will say it
is just what she always expected!"

"I dare say she would fly at the chance herself, the old cat!"
said my father. "Well, Rosamond, I am heartily glad your
choice jumps so well with ours in this matter, for though I
would have preferred Dick above many a richer and greater
suitor, I would never wed a child of mine against her will. I
saw enough of that in mine own mother's case, who lived
and died a broken-hearted woman; aye, and that though
my father would have coined his very heart's blood to save
her. She was a model of wifely duty and reverence too, poor
Lady, but the one thing my father longed for, that she could
never give. Well, well! God bless thee, child, with all my
heart: thou bast ever been a dutiful daughter to me and to
her that is gone. Well, I must go see my Lord and Dick, who
is pacing the maze like a caged lion. There will be need of a
dispensation, and I know not what, beside the settlements
for our heiress here. What think you, chick? Does Dick seek
you for the sake of Aunt Rosamond's acres and woods?"

"Not he!" answered my mother for me. "One must have

been an owl indeed not to see how matters were long
before Rosamond had any title to acres or woods. I had a
shrewd guess at it before ever I saw Rosamond herself,
when our young squire used to linger beside me in London
to talk of his cousin, when others were dancing. I thought
then it would be a shame for the cloister to part two true
lovers."

I could not but rejoice in my heart when I heard this, that

Richard had preferred talking of me, even when his love
must have been well-nigh hopeless, to dancing with those
court ladies of whom Mistress Anne told me. I never did
believe a word she said, the treacherous viper!
All this chanced only this very morning, and already it
seems ages agone. Dick and I have had a long talk together
down at the spring, where we used to have so many. How
that place used to haunt my dreams in the convent! Father
Fabian said 'twas a temptation of the devil, and I never
would let my mind dwell on it in the day-time; but I could
not hinder its coming back at night.

As we sat on our old moss-grown seat by the clear well, we

saw a chaffinch—perhaps the very one Dick showed me on
the eve of Alice's marriage—flying in and out among the
bushes with its young brood. I took it for a good omen.

As we sat there, gazing down into the spring, a shadow fell

on us, and looking up, there was Patience, my mother's
bower-woman.

"So it has come to this, even as I said!" said she, with no

form of greeting.

"Not quite!" I answered. "You said my mother would wed

me with a kinsman of her own."

"So it has come to this!" she repeated again, paying no

heed to my words. "You, Mistress Rosamond, who were
consecrated before you were born, and wore the veil in your
very cradle—you are returned to the world, even as your
mother did before you!" Then changing her tone, and falling
on her knees at my feet: "Oh, Mistress Rosamond, don't!
For love of your own soul, don't go to throw yourself away
thus—don't bring down wrath and shame on your head, and
doom your mother's soul to endless woe! I know you don't
love me, and maybe you have small cause; but I loved your
mother, and I nursed you when a fair babe. Oh, Mistress
Rosamond, think before it is too late!"

The woman was fairly convulsed with sobs.

"Nay, Prue, why should I bring woe on my head by obeying
my father?" said I. "I never was professed, so I break no
vows, and why cannot I serve God as well in the married
state, which was that of Saint Peter himself, as in a
convent? St Peter was married, and so was St. James, and
what was good enough for them should be for me, surely."

"And St. Paul says, marriage is honorable in all—remember

that, Prudence!" says Dick. "And when our Lord was on
earth, he went to a wedding and turned the water into wine
for the poor folks."

"I don't believe it!" says Prue.

"Then you don't believe the Gospels, and that is worse than
being married," answered Dick, gayly; and with more of his
old mischief than I have seen in him for a long time. "Come,
Prue, be a reasonable woman, and here's a good Harry gold
piece to buy you a new gown for the wedding."

"I shall never see that wedding!" said she, never noticing
the money he held out to her. "I have warned you and
entreated you, and all in vain. Your blood be on your own
heads, if you persevere! Only remember, when the stroke
comes, that I warned you!"

And with that she turned away and left us.

 CHAPTER XXXVIII.

Aug. 30—the day after.

THE formalities are all arranged, and to-morrow I shall be a

wedded wife. The matter has been hurried for Harry's sake,
because he must sail so soon, and also because my Lord
will take my Lady to her own old home, which she yearns to
see again. Perhaps they may also go abroad in search of a
milder climate, though the disturbed state of affairs makes
that doubtful.

We are to keep house at the Court till they return, and then
go to our own house at Coombe Ashton. I would like to live
awhile at least at Tremador, for my heart is drawn to my
people there, and perhaps we shall do so. I am glad my
mother has Joyce, who gains on our hearts every day. She
is very loving and easily swayed, though, as was to be
expected, she has many faults, the worst of which, in my
mother's eyes and mine, is a want of truth. If she commits
any fault or meets any mishap, she will lie to hide it.

My mother says it is just what she should expect in any one

so severely handled as Joyce has been, and she believes it
may be overcome by kindness and wise treatment: and she
did yesterday come to my mother, bringing a drinking glass
she had broken. Nobody saw her do it, and the mishap
might have been laid on that universal scape-goat, the cat;
so we think it a hopeful sign.

She was overwhelmed with grief when she found I was

going away as well as Harry, and I could hardly pacify her
by promises of visits and what not. She would fain have
bestowed on me her greatest treasure, the Spanish cat,
bringing it in her arms with her eyes running over with
tears: but I showed her that 'twould be unkind to Cousin
Joslyn to part with his present, and that Puss would be
unhappy away from her, and proposed instead, that as she
can really spin wonderful well, she should make me some
hanks of fine woollen thread for my knitting; whereat she
was comforted. She is a dear maid, all the more engaging
from her odd blending of the young child and the woman.

There are only two things to make me at all uncomfortable.

One is that I have had a most sad and reproachful letter
from dear Mother Superior. She regards my marriage as
nothing less than sacrilege, and implores me to cast off my
betrothed husband and return to the arms of my Heavenly
Spouse who will receive me even now; and if I am faithful
in penance and prayer, may make me all the brighter saint
for this sacrifice.

But that is not the worst of it. She says she has heard that
both my step-dame and Lady Stanton are infected with the
new doctrine. She says that she has it from a sure hand
that my mother was in London a constant associate of my
Lady Denny and other well-known heretics, and was
believed to have sent relief both in money and food to
heretics under sentence in the common prisons. She lays all
my apostasy, as she calls it, to the account of my Lady
Corbet, and implores me to fly from the tyranny and ill-
guidance of my cruel step-dame to the arms of my true
Mother.

I must own that I shed some tears over this letter,

remembering ancient kindness, and grieving over the grief
of the dear Mother who was ever kind to me, even when I
was under a cloud concerning the affair of Amice Crocker;
but it has not shaken my determination one whit. I believe
(besides what I owe to my espoused husband), I am in the
plain path of duty in obeying my natural born father. Seeing
the truth as I do now, returning to the convent would be
one of two things—either going into a regular course of
hypocrisy and denying of the truth in every word and
action, or it would be going straight to disgrace,
imprisonment, and perhaps a dreadful death! The very
foundations of mine ancient life were shaken by Amice
Crocker's death and the circumstances attendant thereon,
and they have been utterly ruined and pulled down by what
I have since heard and read for myself in Holy Scripture. I
cannot build them again if I would, and I would not if I
could. As to my mother's promise concerning me, 'twas
made in ignorance, and I do not believe she would now
desire me to fulfil it. I could not do it, even if I were not
promised to Richard. I can honestly say that I have tried to
decide rightly, and I believe I have done so. My mind is at
ease, so far as that is concerned.

The other thing which troubles me is that Harry must leave

us the very day after the wedding. I think his desire for the
voyage hath suffered some diminution of late, specially
since Joyce has come to live with us: but he hath too much
of my father in him to give up lightly any purpose he hath
gravely formed. He hath grown much more manly and
serious of late. His whole collection of pets—dogs, horses,
the old donkey, the peacock, and all, he hath consigned to
Joyce—all save the old bloodhound, which will follow nobody
but himself and my mother.

My father hath given me a beautiful Spanish genet, and

another horse for my own riding, with all new furniture for
the same. I have half my own mother's clothes and jewels,
and great store of new garments and ornaments from my
parents and my Lady, and a cupboard of plate, far too fine
for a simple squire's dame, from my Lord.

Captain Hawkins came yesterday and brought me a piece of

beautiful silk stuff from the Levant, and two fine carpets,
soft almost as velvet, and of the richest colors. He says in
the East, and even in Venice, they use these beautiful
carpets on their floors, which seems a mighty waste.

Master Jasper Ellenwood gave me a Venice gold chain, and

a drinking glass in a case, with other conveniences. He is a
fine, grave gentleman, and I have learned much from him
about ways of living abroad, specially in Holland, which
country must be a kind of paradise of good housekeepers. It
is even true that they use no rushes on their floors, which
are scoured two or three times a week, and many even of
the common houses have glass windows. By this neatness
they escape many plagues in the shape of vermin, specially
fleas; but I should think such constant washing and
dampness would breed rheums and fevers.

I must not forget another of his presents, a beautiful cup

made of a kind of fine pottery ware, only much harder and
lighter than any of our pottery, and ornamented with
painting and gilding which will not wash off, but are in the
very substance of the ware. He says these dishes are
brought from Cathay, where even the common people use
them for eating, and also for drinking a kind of broth of
certain dried herbs, which makes a great part of their living.