1. Convert the following expressions between exponential and logarithmic form.

a. 2401=7 4
b. a=log b c

2. Solve for x. Give your answer to three decimal places where appropriate.
a. x=log21

x=1.322
b. x=log 22 10000

*Change base of the log*

log c (a)
log b (a)=
log c (b)

log 10 10000
x=log 22 10000=
log 10 22
4
x=
1.3424
x=2.979
c. 2 x =23

log ( 2 x )=log ( 23 )
( x ) ( log 2 )=log ( 23 )
log ( 23 )
x=
log ( 2 )
x=4.523
d. x 9=1024

x=√ 1024
9

x=2.160
e. 5=log x 25 f. 3.5=log 36 x
3.5
*Convert to exponential form* x=36 =77806.16
5
x =25
1
x=√5 25=25 5 =1.903
 3. Use the properties of logarithms to solve the following equations.
21
a. M =log 11 (11 )

log b ( ac )=(c) ¿ ¿

M =(21)(log 11 11)

∵ log b (b)=1
M =21
b. 4 log 4 57
=x
x=(4)(log 4 57)
4
x=log 4 57
x=log 4 10497024

x=11.662
c. x=log 100 1000

log 10 1000
x=
log 10 100
3
x=
2
x=1.5

4. Solve for the unknown using a method of your choice.

a. 511 x+23=1257 x
11 x+23 x
log 5 =log1257
( 11 x +23 ) ( log 5 )=x ( log 1257)
11 x ( log 5 )+ 23 ( log 5 )=x ( log 1257)

x ( ( 11) ( log 5 )−log 5 ) =−23(log 5)

−23 log 5
x=
11log 5−log 1257
x=0.548
b. 2n=123

log ( 2n ) =log (123)

n log (2)=log(123)
log (123)
n=
log (2)
n=6.942
c. 3 x+5 +3 x =177876

Let y=3 x ,then

y ( 35 ) + y =177876
*Simplified*

y ( 243 ) + y=177876
*Factored out y*

y ( 243+1 )=177876
y ( 244 ) =177876
177876
y= =729
244
x
3 =729
x=log 3 729=6

*solved for x*

∴ x=6

5. Describe the transformations on the logarithmic function g ( x )=

−1
2
log
[−1
7 ]
( x−2 ) + 9

−1 1
Horizontal compression: The factor inside the log compresses the graph horizontally by
7 7
Horizontal shift: The term (x−2) shifts the graph 2 units to the right.

Reflection: The negative sign outside the log reflects the graph in the x-axis

−1 1
Vertical stretch: The coefficient outside the log scales the graph by
2 2
Vertical shift: The +9 shifts the graph up by 9 units.
 6. Write the equation of logarithmic function that has been vertically stretched by 4, reflected in
the x-axis, horizontally compressed by 1/9, moved 11 units up and 12 units left. Justify you
answer.

Vertical stretch: Multiple 4 to the function base: g ( x )=4 log (x )

Reflection: Add an negative sign to the 4: g ( x )=−4 log ( x )

x x
Horizontal Compression: Add to the inside of the log: g ( x )=−4 log ( )
9 9
1
Horizontal Shift: Add x +2 to the inside of the log: g ( x )=−4 log ( ( x +2 ) )
9

Vertical Shift: Add 11 to the base function: g ( x )=−4 log ( 19 (x +2))+11

∴ the final function is g ( x )=−4 log ¿ ¿

7. Ethan bought a new car worth $54,000. After 5 years, the car was worth $28,497.52. Calculate
the annual depreciation rate of Ethan’s car.
t
V =P ( 1−r )
5
28497.52=54000 ( 1−r )
28497.52 5
=( 1−r )
54000
5
0.5277=( 1−r )
1−r=0.8759
r =1−0.8759=0.1241
12.41%

8. The hydrogen ion concentration of a lemon is about 0.02. What is its pH?

pH=−log 10 ¿ ¿

pH=−log 10 ( 0.02 )

pH=1.699

9. How do the intensities of a magnitude 6.0 earthquake and a magnitude 2.9 earthquake
compare?
 M
I =10
6 2.9
I 6=10 ∧I 2.9 =10
I 6 10 6 6 −2.9 3.1
= 2.9 =10 =10
I 2.9 10
3.1
10 =1258.93

10. Using logarithm properties there are multiple ways of expressing the same transformations on a
parent function. Given g ( x )=8 log [2 ( x ) ], find the equivalent functions. In the following forms.
Round values to 4 decimal places where appropriate.
a. g ( x )=log b (x)+c

8 log [2]+ 8 log[ x]

g ( x )=log 16 ( x )+ log 16 (16)

b. g ( x )=log b [k ( x ) ]

g ( x )=log [28 ( x 8 ) ]
g ( x )=log 8 ( 64 x )

c. g ( x )=log [4 ( x 3 ) ]

g ( x )=log [4 ( x 3 ) ]

11. Not all logarithmic and exponential equations can be solved algebraically. Use technology to
2 x−3
solve the equation 3 =log 2 (2 x) to 4 decimal places. Include a sketch or screenshot in your
solution.

12. Why must the base of the logarithm be positive?

A log is the exponent needed to produce a number from the base. If the base of negative, zero or one it
won’t produce a answer in real numbers meaning undefined or complex.

13. Why can we not calculate the logarithm of a negative number?

Taking the log of a negative number will produce a complex system which means it in not possible in the
real numbers system. This is due to a log is the exponent needed to produce a number. A negative
number cannot be the power of a positive base.
 14. Rod says that he thinks of a one variable exponential or logarithmic equation that has the
following characteristics.
a. Has solutions x=1∧x =2
b. Does not contain the digit “3”
c. Contains the number -12

What are two different equations that rod could be thinking of? Are those the only possible answers?

No these are no the only possible answers. There many combinations of logarithmic and exponential
equations that satisfies the conditions given.

*Solutions*
1
2 =−12(1−1)( 1−2) log ( 1+1 ) + log (1+ 4)=−12
2=0 1.3979400=−12
0=13.3979400

1
2 =−12(2−1)(2−2) log ( 2+1 ) + log ( 2+ 4 ) =−12
2=0 1.2552725=−12
0=13.2552725

x
5
=2 ( 6 )
2
x −2
15. Solve, rounding final answers to three decimals where appropriate,
√5
x
5 x −2
2

=2(6 )
√5

( x− 12 ) ln ( 5)=ln (2)+( x −2)ln (6)

2

¿
√ ( 1
ln(5) ± ln 2 ( 5 )−4 ln ( 6 ) −ln ( 18 )+ ln (5 )

2 ln(6)
2 )
Type equation here .

16.