In the Monoplane equation we solve for

Local chord Lift curve slope

Wing semi-span or b/2

All aerodynamic and geometrical information is contained in this term

Lift coefficient - A1 conta

Induce drag

Oswald span efficiency

Induced dra
Lift curve slope

Downw

Induced a
Monoplane equation

For symmetrical loading we only take into account the odd terms
t coefficient - A1 contain all the information related to lift

Induce drag factor - It depends on A1, A3, A5, A7...

Induced drag
e slope

Downwash

Induced angle
o account the odd terms
 Compulsory information - Manual input
Optional information - Manual input
Compulsory information - Computed using information entered manually
Constant values

pi 3.14159265

AR (Manual input) 9 Aspect ratio

TR (Manual input) 0.4 Taper ratio - It can be computed automatic
S (Manual input) 2.322576 Wing area inserted manually - It can be co

DEG RAD
cl_a 6.2831853 Lift curve slope (per rad)
AOA 4 0.06981317 Angle of attack (deg and rad)
AOA_ZL -1.2 -0.020943951 Zero lift AOA (deg and rad)

b/2 2.286 Wing semi-span b/2

b 4.572 Wing span b (tip-to-tip)
cr 0.726 Root chord

ct 0.29 Tip chord

S (Computed) 2.322576 Wing area computed from wing geometry i

TR (Computed) 0.39944903581 Taper ratio computed from wing geometry

AR using b (Comp 9 Aspect ratio computed using wing span b (

AR using b/2 (Co 4.5 Aspect ratio computed using wing semi-sp

s = b/2 2.286 Wing semi-span

N 4 Spanwise stations
mu1 0.24933275

Station phi (deg) phi (deg) phi_r (rad) y(b) y(b/2)

1 pi/8 22.5 0.39269908 4.22397722 2.11198861
2 pi/4 45 0.78539816 3.2328922 1.6164461
3 3pi/8 67.5 1.17809725 1.74962865 0.87481433
4 pi/2 90 1.57079633 2.8007E-16 1.40034E-16

Be careful to check if you are using wing-span b or wing semi-sp

These values are not used in the actual computation.
They represent the domain transformation.

lhs A1 A3 A5 A7
0.0038593602724 0.18897065849 0.661539799 0.86686407 0.44411495
0.0092123064147 0.6015050533 0.80451516 -1.00752527 -1.2105354
0.0161059366877 1.03101535161 -0.574074844 -0.72108915 2.09578712
0.0226287225869 1.24933275 -1.74799825 2.24666375 -2.7453293
Ax=b

A
0.1889706584887 0.66153979866 0.866864071 0.44411495
0.6015050532969 0.80451515989 -1.007525266 -1.21053537
1.031015351614 -0.5740748438 -0.721089146 2.09578712
1.24933275 -1.74799825 2.24666375 -2.74532925

A^(-1)
0.3530896523814 0.42800382049 0.423351245 0.19158092
0.6309153094956 0.32253026386 -0.13254146 -0.14133607
0.5063334465347 -0.2353434048 -0.093765692 0.11410247
0.1733302514632 -0.2031816923 0.200314347 -0.09370337

x=A^(-1)b
A1 0.01645930244
A3 7.3217944E-05
A5 0.00085787643
A7 -9.696541E-05

CL 0.46537581224

delta 0.01388533977 induced drag factor

e 0.98630482242 oswald span efficiency

CD_i 0.00776611963

CL_alfa 5.12770575553 per rad

Target Weight 4000 N
Velocity 77 m/s
Air density (rho) 1.225 kg/m3

Lift 3925.19543065 N

Velocity at steady level flight where

Vel. for L = W 77.7302525102 m/s

Downwash

Induced angl
 Aerodynamics for Engineers (6th Edition). J. Bertin, R. Cumm
red manually Example 7.2 - International system units
This implementation does not takes into account neither aero
twist nor geometrical twist

can be computed automatically (B27) but the user must give chord at the tip (B24)
rted manually - It can be computed automatically (B26) but the user must give chord at the tip (B24)

(deg and rad)

deg and rad) NACA 65-210 DATA

puted from wing geometry information - The area is computed for a trapezoidal planform - To compute it, you must give chord a
mputed from wing geometry information - To compute it, you must give chord at the tip (B24)

mputed using wing span b (tip-to-tip)

mputed using wing semi-span b/2
 c(phi) cos(phi_r) sin(phi_r) sin(3*phi_r) sin(5*phi_r) sin(7*phi_r)
0.323558076 0.92387953251 0.38268343237 0.92387953251 0.9238795325 0.3826834324
0.417984286 0.70710678119 0.70710678119 0.70710678119 -0.7071067812 -0.7071067812
0.559303097 0.38268343237 0.92387953251 -0.38268343237 -0.3826834324 0.9238795325
0.726 6.1257423E-17 1 -1 1 -1

ng-span b or wing semi-span b/2

he actual computation.
ain transformation.
 b
0.00385936
0.009212306
0.016105937
0.022628723
 Downwash

Induced angle
on). J. Bertin, R. Cummings.
s
o account neither aerodynamic

mpute it, you must give chord at the tip (B24)

 mu
0.111120695294
0.143549823022
0.192083442457
0.24933275
 Compulsory information - Manual input
Optional information - Manual input
Compulsory information - Computed using information entered manually
Constant values

pi 3.14159265

AR (Manual input) 10 Aspect ratio

TR (Manual input) 1 Taper ratio - It can be computed automatic
S (Manual input) 40 Wing area inserted manually - It can be co

DEG RAD
cl_a 6.2831853 Lift curve slope (per rad)
AOA 0 0 Angle of attack (deg and rad)
AOA_ZL -2.13 -0.037175513 Zero lift AOA (deg and rad)

b/2 10 Wing semi-span b/2

b 20 Wing span b (tip-to-tip)
cr 2 Root chord

ct 2 Tip chord

S (Computed) 40 Wing area computed from wing geometry

TR (Computed) 1 Taper ratio computed from wing geometry

AR using b (Comp 10 Aspect ratio computed using wing span b (

AR using b/2 (Co 5 Aspect ratio computed using wing semi-sp

s = b/2 10 Wing semi-span

N 4 Spanwise stations
mu1 0.1570796325

Station phi (deg) phi (deg) phi_r (rad) y(b) y(b/2)

1 pi/8 22.5 0.39269908 18.4775907 9.23879533
2 pi/4 45 0.78539816 14.1421356 7.07106781
3 3pi/8 67.5 1.17809725 7.65366865 3.82683432
4 pi/2 90 1.57079633 1.2251E-15 6.12574E-16

Be careful to check if you are using wing-span b or wing semi-sp

These values are not used in the actual computation.
They represent the domain transformation.

lhs A1 A3 A5 A7
0.0022346859997 0.20655838233 0.788921363 1.07916668 0.56722902
0.0041291613134 0.61107207333 0.83321622 -1.05536037 -1.2775045
0.0053950092481 0.99867604803 -0.533888709 -0.65411226 1.86941199
0.0058395159306 1.1570796325 -1.471238898 1.78539816 -2.0995574
Ax=b

A
0.2065583823265 0.78892136292 1.079166678 0.56722902
0.611072073327 0.83321621998 -1.055360367 -1.27750451
0.9986760480344 -0.5338887094 -0.654112255 1.86941199
1.1570796325 -1.4712388975 1.785398163 -2.09955743

A^(-1)
0.2883980504159 0.40137338579 0.437468943 0.22320948
0.5266462966683 0.33175071809 -0.11955725 -0.1660282
0.4124972212649 -0.2166088489 -0.115475538 0.1404238
0.140671919863 -0.1954681622 0.226673423 -0.11752445

x=A^(-1)b
A1 0.00596539885
A3 0.00093220457
A5 0.00022440428
A7 4.3857312E-05

CL 0.18740853182

delta 0.08071342874 induced drag factor

e 0.92531467955 oswald span efficiency

CD_i 0.00120820156

CL_alfa 5.04118212106 per rad

Target Weight 10000 N
Velocity 50 m/s
Air density (rho) 1.225 kg/m3

Lift 11478.7725738 N

Velocity at steady level flight where

Vel. for L = W 46.6683319836 m/s

Downwash

Induced angl
 Rectangular wing - Chocolate bar wing (Hershey bar)
red manually This implementation does not takes into account neither aero
twist nor geometrical twist

can be computed automatically (B27) but the user must give chord at the tip (B24)
rted manually - It can be computed automatically (B26) but the user must give chord at the tip (B24)

(deg and rad)

deg and rad) NACA 2412 - RE 6000000

puted from wing geometry information - The area is computed for a trapezoidal planform - To compute it, you must give chord a
mputed from wing geometry information - To compute it, you must give chord at the tip (B24)

mputed using wing span b (tip-to-tip)

mputed using wing semi-span b/2
 c(phi) cos(phi_r) sin(phi_r) sin(3*phi_r) sin(5*phi_r) sin(7*phi_r)
2 0.92387953251 0.38268343237 0.92387953251 0.9238795325 0.3826834324
2 0.70710678119 0.70710678119 0.70710678119 -0.7071067812 -0.7071067812
2 0.38268343237 0.92387953251 -0.38268343237 -0.3826834324 0.9238795325
2 6.1257423E-17 1 -1 1 -1

ng-span b or wing semi-span b/2

he actual computation.
ain transformation.
 b
0.002234686
0.004129161
0.005395009
0.005839516
 Downwash

Induced angle
(Hershey bar)
o account neither aerodynamic

mpute it, you must give chord at the tip (B24)

 mu
0.1570796325
0.1570796325
0.1570796325
0.1570796325
 Compulsory information - Manual input
Optional information - Manual input
Compulsory information - Computed using information entered manually
Constant values

pi 3.14159265

AR (Manual input) 5.75 Aspect ratio

TR (Manual input) 1 Taper ratio - It can be computed automatic
S (Manual input) 14.72 Wing area inserted manually - It can be co

DEG RAD
cl_a 6.2831853 Lift curve slope (per rad)
AOA 2 0.034906585 Angle of attack (deg and rad)
AOA_ZL -3.2 -0.055850536 Zero lift AOA (deg and rad)

b/2 4.6 Wing semi-span b/2

b 9.2 Wing span b (tip-to-tip)
cr 1.6 Root chord

ct 1.6 Tip chord

S (Computed) 14.72 Wing area computed from wing geometry

TR (Computed) 1 Taper ratio computed from wing geometry

AR using b (Comp 5.75 Aspect ratio computed using wing span b (

AR using b/2 (Co 2.875 Aspect ratio computed using wing semi-sp

s = b/2 4.6 Wing semi-span

N 4 Spanwise stations
mu1 0.27318196957

Station phi (deg) phi (deg) phi_r (rad) y(b) y(b/2)

1 pi/8 22.5 0.39269908 8.4996917 4.24984585
2 pi/4 45 0.78539816 6.50538239 3.25269119
3 3pi/8 67.5 1.17809725 3.52068758 1.76034379
4 pi/2 90 1.57079633 5.6357E-16 2.81784E-16

Be careful to check if you are using wing-span b or wing semi-sp

These values are not used in the actual computation.
They represent the domain transformation.

lhs A1 A3 A5 A7
0.0094879503559 0.25098882318 1.110715082 1.61548954 0.87824211
0.0175314462786 0.69316882318 1.07950647 -1.46584412 -1.8521818
0.0229059384283 1.10594062093 -0.667180032 -0.87626446 2.620264
0.0247932090952 1.27318196957 -1.819545909 2.36590985 -2.9122738
Ax=b

A
0.2509888231802 1.11071508159 1.615489542 0.87824211
0.6931688231775 1.07950646953 -1.465844116 -1.85218176
1.1059406209257 -0.6671800319 -0.876264459 2.620264
1.2731819695652 -1.8195459087 2.365909848 -2.91227379

A^(-1)
0.2331039360186 0.34994267138 0.396535395 0.20451088
0.3771299604768 0.25643460739 -0.093078452 -0.13310638
0.2748196084212 -0.157283624 -0.085645122 0.10584966
0.0895440775001 -0.1350054098 0.161933125 -0.08481226

x=A^(-1)b
A1 0.0225001761
A3 0.00264167636
A5 0.00051263617
A7 8.9211724E-05

CL 0.40644673025

delta 0.04405867295 induced drag factor

e 0.9578005776 oswald span efficiency

CD_i 0.00954804499

CL_alfa 4.47840043084 per rad

Target Weight 10000 N 0.85 at 4000
Velocity 60 m/s 1 at 2000
Air density (rho) 1.1 kg/m3 1.112 at 1000
1.225 sea level

Lift 11846.1338213 N

Velocity at steady level flight where

Vel. for L = W 55.1268190273 m/s

Downwash

Induced angl
 This sample corresponds to the Piper PA-28 Cherokee
red manually Adapted from POH - International system units
This implementation does not takes into account neither aero
twist nor geometrical twist

can be computed automatically (B27) but the user must give chord at the tip (B24)
rted manually - It can be computed automatically (B26) but the user must give chord at the tip (B24)

(deg and rad)

deg and rad) NACA 65_2-415 DATA

puted from wing geometry information - The area is computed for a trapezoidal planform - To compute it, you must give chord a
mputed from wing geometry information - To compute it, you must give chord at the tip (B24)

mputed using wing span b (tip-to-tip)

mputed using wing semi-span b/2
 c(phi) cos(phi_r) sin(phi_r) sin(3*phi_r) sin(5*phi_r) sin(7*phi_r)
1.6 0.92387953251 0.38268343237 0.92387953251 0.9238795325 0.3826834324
1.6 0.70710678119 0.70710678119 0.70710678119 -0.7071067812 -0.7071067812
1.6 0.38268343237 0.92387953251 -0.38268343237 -0.3826834324 0.9238795325
1.6 6.1257423E-17 1 -1 1 -1

ng-span b or wing semi-span b/2

he actual computation.
ain transformation.
 b
0.00948795
0.017531446
0.022905938
0.024793209
112 at 1000
225 sea level

Downwash

Induced angle
PA-28 Cherokee
m units
o account neither aerodynamic

mpute it, you must give chord at the tip (B24)

 mu
0.273181969565
0.273181969565
0.273181969565
0.273181969565
 Compulsory information - Manual input
Optional information - Manual input
Compulsory information - Computed using information entered manually
Constant values

pi 3.14159265

AR (Manual input) 1 Aspect ratio

TR (Manual input) 1 Taper ratio - It can be computed automatic
S (Manual input) 1 Wing area inserted manually - It can be co

DEG RAD
cl_a 6.2831853 Lift curve slope (per rad)
AOA 0 0 Angle of attack (deg and rad)
AOA_ZL 0 0 Zero lift AOA (deg and rad)

b/2 1 Wing semi-span b/2

b 1 Wing span b (tip-to-tip)
cr 1 Root chord

ct 1 Tip chord

S (Computed) 1 Wing area computed from wing geometry

TR (Computed) 1 Taper ratio computed from wing geometry

AR using b (Comp 1 Aspect ratio computed using wing span b (

AR using b/2 (Co 2 Aspect ratio computed using wing semi-sp

s = b/2 0.5 Wing semi-span

N 4 Spanwise stations
mu1 1.570796325

Station phi (deg) phi (deg) phi_r (rad) y(b) y(b/2)

1 pi/8 22.5 0.39269908 0.92387953 0.92387953
2 pi/4 45 0.78539816 0.70710678 0.70710678
3 3pi/8 67.5 1.17809725 0.38268343 0.38268343
4 pi/2 90 1.57079633 6.1257E-17 6.12574E-17

Be careful to check if you are using wing-span b or wing semi-sp

These values are not used in the actual computation.
They represent the domain transformation.

lhs A1 A3 A5 A7
0 0.7475643386 4.707233114 7.60968626 4.35427071
0 1.61072073327 3.8321622 -6.05360367 -8.2750451
0 2.304779965 -2.156906578 -3.35914204 11.0121394
0 2.570796325 -5.712388975 8.85398163 -11.995574
Ax=b

A
0.7475643386042 4.70723311383 7.609686263 4.35427071
1.6107207332704 3.83216219981 -6.053603666 -8.27504513
2.3047799650047 -2.1569065782 -3.359142037 11.0121394
2.570796325 -5.712388975 8.853981625 -11.9955743

A^(-1)
0.085972682766 0.15048952141 0.188644244 0.10057188
0.0908715509788 0.06897948663 -0.030334917 -0.04244744
0.0569288539224 -0.0401534211 -0.02191218 0.02824834
0.0171706358355 -0.0302342676 0.038701001 -0.02074629

x=A^(-1)b
A1 0
A3 0
A5 0
A7 0

CL 0

delta #DIV/0! induced drag factor

e #DIV/0! oswald span efficiency

CD_i #DIV/0!

CL_alfa #DIV/0! per rad

Target Weight 10000 N
Velocity 100 m/s
Air density (rho) 1.225 kg/m3

Lift 0N

Velocity at steady level flight where

Vel. for L = W #DIV/0! m/s

Downwash

Induced angl
 CLEAN WORKSHEET
red manually This implementation does not takes into account neither aero
twist nor geometrical twist

can be computed automatically (B27) but the user must give chord at the tip (B24)
rted manually - It can be computed automatically (B26) but the user must give chord at the tip (B24)

(deg and rad)

deg and rad) AIRFOIL DATA - CAN BE INVISCID OR VISCOUS DATA

-3.2

puted from wing geometry information - The area is computed for a trapezoidal planform - To compute it, you must give chord a
mputed from wing geometry information - To compute it, you must give chord at the tip (B24)

mputed using wing span b (tip-to-tip)

mputed using wing semi-span b/2
 c(phi) cos(phi_r) sin(phi_r) sin(3*phi_r) sin(5*phi_r) sin(7*phi_r)
1 0.92387953251 0.38268343237 0.92387953251 0.9238795325 0.3826834324
1 0.70710678119 0.70710678119 0.70710678119 -0.7071067812 -0.7071067812
1 0.38268343237 0.92387953251 -0.38268343237 -0.3826834324 0.9238795325
1 6.1257423E-17 1 -1 1 -1

ng-span b or wing semi-span b/2

he actual computation.
ain transformation.
b
0
0
0
0
 Downwash

Induced angle
o account neither aerodynamic

mpute it, you must give chord at the tip (B24)

 mu
1.570796325
1.570796325
1.570796325
1.570796325
Data from Sivells 1947 Data from Bertin
AOA CL AOA CL
-3.0501237822718 -0.150733584113 -2.5653688283 -0.106270563
-1.87557470340481 -0.0451231928324 -1.26045719062 0.004929857
-1.20378527258892 0.04182233225091 0.678391151979 0.175408589
0.156083550354198 0.11618171880526 3.698549979102 0.442238155
1.05134552937015 0.21244681649144 5.7866658093 0.631218853
2.22576600327942 0.31252719459002 8.732148024306 0.886954099
3.15793760516134 0.39590607551254 10.26083228842 1.020377456
4.31332454532788 0.47754450267391 12.3114812076 1.19828098
5.33890621483457 0.5775562914617
6.47581690940852 0.66471615814123
7.50122710563824 0.75735459601968
8.4334415758394 0.84257681466954
9.70071482922332 0.93532671017801
10.8188491999699 1.01510465228434
11.3965855383724 1.05776720359236
11.8814262289811 1.10591689976315
12.3285856669774 1.13377273360554
12.8877600231488 1.17827004897705
13.4840583437824 1.21909783622158
13.9084547042621 1.06814133684853

1.4

Data from Sivells 1947

1.2
Data from Bertin
Guerrero - LLT
1 Guerrero - CFD

0.8

0.6
CL

0.4

0.2

0
 0.4

0.2

-0.2

-0.4
-5 0

1.4

Guerrero - LLT
1.2
CDI theoretical

8
0.8

6
0.6
CL

4
0.4

2
0.2
0

0
-2

-0.2
-4

-0.4
0 0.01 0.02
Guerrero - LLT CDI theoretical Guerrero - CFD
AOA CL CDi cdi theo AOA
-4 -0.250586976 0.00225171516 0.002251715163 0
-2 -0.0716 0.00018381348 0.00018383259 4
0 0.107394 0.00041358034 0.000413577114 10
2 0.286385 0.00294101572 0.002941013352 14
4 0.465376 0.00776611963 0.007766125898
6 0.644366509 0.01488889207 0.014888892062
8 0.823357206 0.02430933305 0.024309333031
10 1.002347903 0.03602744255 0.036027442529
12 1.1813386 0.05004322058 0.050043220557

e 0.9863048224
AR 9
pi 3.14159265
 5 10 15

AOA

12

10

0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06

CDI
Guerrero - CFD
CL
0.121516
0.458287
0.930108
0.8237