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CSA Evolution of Computers

CSA NOTES

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8 views

CSA Evolution of Computers

CSA NOTES

Uploaded by

mm88crhh2v
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as KEY, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit I: Introduction

Agenda
Evolution of Computer Systems
Von Neumann Architecture
Moore’s Law
Computer Types
Functional Unit
Devices (Input, Output, Storage
& Communication Devices)
Memory System (RAM, ROM,
Cache, VM, etc.)
Evolution of
Computer Systems
Humans perform arithmetic operations like
counting and adding.
In old times people used to do calculations either
on the fingers or by scratching marks on the stone
and then with the help of stones, pebbles, and
beads.
Computing “an act of calculating”
number of stages to reach the present state of
development.
Gradual development from a simple abacus to the
electronic computers we use today.
Abacus
The first calculating device.
first mechanical devices to count
Developed approximately about 3,000 years ago as the
first device to do calculations.
Perform the calculations like addition and subtractions.
Calculations are performed by manipulating the beads.
A rectangular box divided into two parts.
The upper part is called Heaven which has two
beads
The lower part is called Earth consisting of five
beads.
Pascaline
Pascal’s Calculator
Developed by Blaise Pascal in
1642.
Capable of performing additions and
subtractions by the movement of
wheels.
Could not do division and
multiplication.
First digital calculator
Different metal wheels displaying
digit 0 to 9.
Analytical
Engine
Developed by Charles Babbage in
1833.
Store data and intermediate results.
Includes a memory that can store up to
1000 numbers of up to 50 digits each
Also had a unit for calculation.
Worked on the principle of input,
processing, and output.
The modern computer is based on this
principle so Charles Babbage is
known as the father of computer
science.
UNIVAC (Universal
Automatic
Computer)

Developed by John
Mauchly and J.P Eckert in
1951.
Magnetic tape for input and
output of the data.
Univac is the first general-
purpose electronic digital
computer designed for
commercial use.
HARVARD Mark-I
COMPUTER

Invented by Howard H.
Aiken in 1943.
Also known as IBM Automatic
Sequence Controlled Calculator
(ASCC).
Mark-I is the first electro-
mechanical computer.
Operation was based on
electromechanical devices
called relays.
Atanasoff-Berry
Computer(ABC)

First electronic digital


computer.
Invented by Professor John
Atanasoff and graduate
student Clifford Berry at Iowa
State University between 1939 and
1942.
EDVAC (Electronic
Discrete Variable
Automatic Computer)

The First Stored Program


Computer.
Designed by Von
Neumann in 1952.
Hold both a stored program as
well as data in a memory.
ENIAC(Electronic
Numerical
Integrator and
Computer)
first programmable,
electronic, general-
purpose digital
computer
1946.
John Presper
Eckert and John W.
Mauchly.
18000 vacuum tubes
30 tons
Lady Augusta
ADA Love was
the world’s first
programmer.

She wrote the program for the


analytical engine designed by
Charles Babbage.
First Generation of Computer (1937–
1946):
In 1937 the first electronic digital computer was built by Dr.
John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. It was called
the Atanasoff-Berry Computer(ABC).
In 1943 an electronic computer names the Colossus was built
for the military.
In 1946 the first general-purpose digital computer,
the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
(ENIAC) were built. It is said that this computer weighed 30
tons, and had 18,000 vacuum tubes that were used for
processing.
Only perform a single task, and they had no operating
system.
Second Generation of Computer
(1947–1962):
Transistors instead of vacuum tubes which were more reliable.
In 1951 the first computer for commercial use was introduced to
the public; the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC
1).
In 1953 the International Business Machine (IBM) 650
and 700 series computers
Various computer programming languages were
developed, computers had memory and operating
systems.
Storage media such as tape and disk were in use
printers for output.
Third Generation of Computer
(1963–1975):
The invention of the integrated circuit
Smaller, more powerful more reliable and
Run many different programs at the same time.
Fourth Generation of Computer (PC
1975 — Current)
size of the computer was redivided to what we called
Personal Computers, PC.
first Microprocessor was created by Intel.
The microprocessor was a very large scale, that is, the
VLS integrated circuit which contained thousands of
transistors.
Transistors on one chip were capable of performing all
the functions of a computer’s central processing unit.
Fifth Generation of Computers
(Present and Beyond)
Fifth generations computing devices, based
on artificial intelligence (AI)
still in development,
although there is some application such as voice
recognition, facial face detector, and thumbprint that
are used today.

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