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Aging Factors
Degenerative Psychosocial
Disorders
DEGENERATIVE PROCESS
01 Moleculer Level
DNA damage: Free radicals and failure of the
DNA repair system result in genetic mutations
that accelerate tissue damage.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Decreased energy
(ATP) production and increased free radical
production trigger oxidative stress, which
exacerbates tissue damage.
Telomere Shortening: Telomere shortening on
chromosomes limits the ability of cells to divide,
resulting in cellular senescence.
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
DEGENERATIVE PROCESS
02 Tissue Level
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
DEGENERATIVE PROCESS
03 Cardio Vasculary Level
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
DEGENERATIVE PROCESS
04 MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
DEGENERATIVE PROCESS
05 NERVOUS SYSTEM
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
DEGENERATIVE PROCESS
06 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
PSYCHOSOCIAL CHANGES
Erik Erison theory
integrity VS despair
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
PSYCHOSOCIAL CHANGES
emotional and mental
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
PSYCHOSOCIAL CHANGES
Cognitive function
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
PSYCHOSOCIAL CHANGES
social relationships and support
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
PSYCHOSOCIAL CHANGES
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
01 02 03
DNA DAMAGE AND
ENVIRONMENT EPIGENETICS
MUTATION
ACCUMULATION
AGING FACTOR
The National Institute on Aging: Strategic Directions for Research, 2020-2025
04 05 06
AGING FACTOR
The National Institute on Aging: Strategic Directions for Research, 2020-2025
PATHOLOGY IN
THE ELDERLY
DIABETES
Type 2 diabetes often develops in older adults
due to decreased insulin sensitivity and changes
in body metabolism. Decreased muscle mass
and increased body fat also contribute to insulin
resistance
Aging reduces the pancreas' ability to produce
insulin and slows the body's ability to regulate
blood sugar levels.
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
PATHOLOGY IN THE
ELDERLY
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
The National Institute on Aging: Strategic Directions for Research, 2020-2025
PATHOLOGY IN
THE ELDERLY
cardiovascular system
Decreased Arterial Elasticity: Arteries become stiffer,
increasing blood pressure
Hypertension: Common in older adults, due to
decreased blood vessel function and increased
peripheral resistance.
Atherosclerosis: Buildup of fatty plaque in blood
vessels, increasing the risk of myocardial infarction or
stroke.
Decreased Heart Function. The heart's pumping
function decreases, increasing the risk of heart
failure.
Heart Rhythm Disorders: Including atrial fibrillation,
which is more common in older adults
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
PATHOLOGY IN THE
ELDERLY
NEURODEGERATIVE DISEASES
Parkinson's disease (PD): This disease affects body
movements, such as tremors and difficulty moving. This is
caused by the buildup of damaged proteins in brain cells.
Age is the main factor causing this disease, although genetic
factors also play a role.
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Geriatric Forensic Medicine and Pathology , pp. 281 - 301 window] Publisher: Cambridge University Pres
PATHOLOGY IN THE
ELDERLY
ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Decreased Immune Response (immunosecene): The body's response to
infection becomes slower. As a result, older people are more susceptible to
infection and vaccines may not work as effectively as in younger peopleI
Slower Healing Process: Due to the reduced number of immune cells, the
healing process from wounds or infections also becomes slower
Loss of Ability to Detect Cell Damage: The body's ability to detect and repair
damage to cells decreases, which can increase the risk of cancer
Hazzard, W. R., Blass, J. P., Halter, J. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (Eds.). (2017). Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
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