AUTOMATIC SEED SOWING & IRRIGATION AGRIBOT

USING ARDUINO

The zone of horticulture is so wide, thusly this field requires the advance technologies in the
process of sowing, cropping, cutting& irrigation. So the disclosure of Agriculture is the
primary enormous advance towards acculturated life. Advancement in agricultural tools, is
the fundamental pattern of rural change. This advancement in technology will not
affect the nature of soil and increase the efficiency of getting crop. Nowadays the
accessibility of work is a major problem faced by farmer. The proposed machine limits
the working expense and furthermore decreases the ideal opportunity for burrowing
seed sowing & irrigation operations by utilizing solar energy to operate the
agribot. An adequate water supply is important for plant growth. When rainfall is not
sufficient, the plants need additional water. Our undertaking encourages the
ranchers to inundate the farmland in a proficiency route with computerized water system
framework in view of soil dampness sensor. It depends on the edge esteem and the sensor
esteems. This water system averts soil disintegration, spare water and can likewise
supply manure to crops. The most essential procedure is it permits water preservation
as water provided in a focused on way close to the root zone. Seed sowing, digging
& irrigation robot will proceed onward different ground shapes and performs burrowing,
sowing the seed and gives an good environment for proper growth.
Keywords: Seed sowing, Irrigation, Agribot .
1. Introduction

Today the environmental influence of agricultural production is very much in focus and
the demands to the industry is Increasing. In the present situation, a large portion of the
urban areas in India don't have adequate talented labor in agrarian segment and that
influences the progress agriculture in developing country [1]. Agriculture field
contribute their presence in the Indian economy and it will continue to remain

so far a long time. In any procedure of horticultural field opportuneness is required. Is most
imperative factor and it can be accomplish by utilizing a fitting utilized of little
,convenient and propel innovation. Physically seed sowing will cause the wasteful and
erroneous seed sowing [2]. Manual technique incorporates broadcasting
the seeds by hand.Sometimes method of digging i.e. making gaps and dropping
seeds by hand is utilized. Likewise a couple of bullocks is utilized to convey the
substantial hardware of leveling and seed dropping. Subsequently agriculturists
need to utilize
redesigned innovation for development movement
(digging, seed sowing, irrigation etc.). So it's an ideal opportunity to computerize
this procedure by cutting edge machine. The propelled machine is called as
"Agribot". While planning this machine contamination has as been control, by
utilizing sun oriented board. The vitality required for agribot is less as contrasted
and different machines like tractors or any horticulture instruments; additionally this
vitality is getting from the sunlight based vitalitywhich is found abundantly in
nature. Driverless robots are designed to replace human labour. The proposed Agribot
performs digging, seed sowing, irrigation and covering seeds simultaneously
and powered by solar panel with a automatic control. India is the freshwater user in the
world. The agricultural sector is the biggest user of water, followed by the domestic
sector and the industrial sector. Ground water contributes to around 65% of
the country’s total water demand. Today water has become one of the most
precious resources on the earth. At, 1790 the world’s population is 800 million to
just over 7 billion today [3]. Population growth is one of the major disadvantages of water
reduction. Majority of the world’s poor people live in rural areas. Their main income
from the agriculture. Poverty and Hunger must be eradicated in our
generation. But nowadays agriculture is reduced. Modern agriculture
depends on engineering and technology. To increase the agriculture to save
our country from poverty and Future Generation [4]. By using this type of system to
develop our agriculture.
2. Existing Model
In the existing model there is a similarity in previous seed sowing machine are
developed so far and there is no smart work done by it except seed sowing [1]. It
need some man power to pull the machine (forward, left, right or back) and after seed
sowing covering the soil by man power. Else one man can stand on their to operate
the machine. At present irrigation robot are developed and implemented. Irrigation
robot which is capable of performing action such as watering. But in the existing
model we need more number of moisture sensor to cover 1 acres [2]. E-MAIL concept
used in drip irrigation system. Sender and receiver are assigned. Ultrasonic sensor
is used to measure the water level. This system is watering the plants automatically
without any manual method and also depends on the weather conditions [8]. IOT
concept is used. Hardware and software systems are developed. Monitored and
control the field automatically. Assembly language is used to store data. LCD can
display the status of the system. This system can reduce the human factor,
energy, power [9]. To measure the soil moisture and roughness retrieval is
performed by the optimization. This also shows the measurement and roughness of
the soil. In previous days microwave remote sensing technology is used to
measure the soil moisture [10].
 3. Proposed Model

In the proposed model, there is no need of man power and operate the agribot the
man where ever it. It has a programmed control toward all path and programmed seed
sowing and covering the dirt. It keep up legitimate separating starting with one plant then onto
the next and it has appropriate usage of seed should be possible with less misfortune. It
performs different concurrent task and thus spares work necessity, work cost, work time, add
up to cost of sparing and can be reasonable for the agriculturist. It achives
programmed in rural area. We need to build up a versatile computerize water system
robot framework that plays out the assignment of the ranchers, for example, sowing the
seed, straightening the land, manures and water and supply to the product.

Fig 1 : Proposed System Model

The difficulties of this venture are:

1) To straighten the water system arrive through smoothing.

2) To integrate fertilizers mechanism on the robot and in addition watering the plant.
3) To incorporate a system for sowing the seed in the yield arrive.

Pump is associated with the pipe used to nourished the specific plant where there is a
requirement for water. Water level sensor is utilized to screen the level of water in the farm.
Relays are used as remote control switches and allows a little current stream circuit to control
higher current circuit. It depends on rule of electromagnetic induction. This method
limits the loss of water. The programming language used in Arduino is C++ language and is
known as arduino language. The principle of proposed system is efficient, handles water
consequently and collects the environmental parameter.
The agribot is started through the configuration of Adafruit driver. After that
robot can start moving forward and performs two jobs simultaneously. Like digging &
sowing are covering the dirt. The sharp pointed iron appended on the front of agribot dig
the soil for sowing seed. Parallely seed are taken by seed taken by and are ready to fall in
digging area. Once the seed are dropped in the soil the supporter is connected at the back end
of agribot covers the land with soil. If obstacle is detected by ultrasonic sensor, it will stop the
agribot and seed sowing operation. The arduino tells agribot to move left, right, back or
front based on the ultrasonic signal and continue its operation. After every 3 seconds the
agribot will stop the seed sowing and the adafruit drive operate the robotic (ARM)
move forward and downwards to the soil digging the moisture sensor. The soil moisture
level is low, the sensor send the information to arduino mega and ON the pump for
water flow. The servo motor will sowing the fertilizer like (urea,complex..etc) for a plant
growth. The float switch will indicate the water level of the tank. If the field reaches the
threshold level of the sensor pump will automatically OFF and the robotic ARM backs
to the home position. Once the agribot complete the seed sowing process in the entire
agriculture area, it find
obstacle at two side. We can stop the operation of
agribot completely. Servo motor is used for seed taken. LCD is used for display the direction.

4. Proposed Model Diagram

5. Components Of Proposed System

1) Arduino Mega:
The Arduino Mega is a microcontroller board in perspective of the ATmega2560. It
has 54 modernized info/yield pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM yields), 16
basic data sources, 4 UARTs (hardware serial; ports), a 16 MHz valuable stone oscillator,
a USB affiliation, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset get.
 2) Ultrasonic Sensor:
This sensor is utilized to compute the separation by utilizing ultrasonic waves.The time
between the sending and getting the waves gives the separation.
3) Dc Motor:
A DC engine is any of a class of revolving electric machines that change over
direct current electrical vitality into mechanical vitality. The most widely recognized
writes transfer on the power deliver by attractive field.Almost all kind of DC engine
have some interior instrument , either electromechanical or electronic , to
intermitently alter the course of current stream in part of the engine.
4) Servo Motor:
The MG995 Metal Gear Servo on PWM standard, implies its point of revolution is
controlled by the length connected heartbeat to its control PIN.
5) Pump:
"All pumps utilize essential power of nature to move a fluid. As the moving pump part
(impeller, vane, cylinder stomach, and so on.
6) Moisture Sensor:
In soil, dielectric permittivity is a component of the water content. The sensor makes a
voltage relative to the dielectric permittivity, and in this way the water substance of
the dirt.
7) Robotic Arm:
"A mechanical arm is a sort of mechanical arm, generally programmable, with
comparable capacities to a human arm; the arm might be the whole of the
instruments or might be a piece of more complex robot.”
8) Float Switch:
We recommend our float type level switch for low cost liquid measurement. The
principle of float type level meter is that a float moves up and down due to buoyancy. A
reed switch in a stem is actuated by a magnet in the float, and outputs detection signal .

9) Relay:

A hand-off is an electrically worked switch. It utilize an electromagnet to mechanically

worked the switch and give electrical separation between two circuits.
5.1 Algorithm

1) Step1: Start
2) Step2: Initialize the system on arduino microcontroller ATmega328.
3) Step3: DC motor will run forward and servo motor start sowing and also
simultaneously
digging operation.
4) Step4: Ultrasonic sensor will detect the obstacle and make a decision to turn by the
allocation of programming sequence.
5) Step5: covering the soil by an agribot.
6) Step6: DC motor will stop and servomotor will stop seed sowing.
7) Step7: Robotic ARM will start the operation on move forward digging the moisture
sensor in to the soil.
8) Step8: If the soil moisture level is low, the sensor
sends the information to the motor at that time. Motor flows the water to the field.
9) Step9: Servomotor ON to sowing the fertilizer like
(urea, complex…etc)