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Experiment 4 Half Deflection

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14 views

Experiment 4 Half Deflection

Uploaded by

gargsangh994
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dellhi Public Schoo, Bilaspur

SUBJECT-PHYSICS
CLASS-XI
EXPERIMENT-04

Aim: To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure of
merit.

Apparatus and material required:


Amoving coil galvanometer,
a battery or a battery eliminator (0 - 6 V),
one resistance box (Rgox a) of range 0 - 10 kn,
one resistance box (Rgox 2) of range 0 -200n,
two one way keys,
voltmeter,
connecting wires
a piece of sand paper.

Principle:
Hidh Resistance BaxK

Low Resistance Box

galuaometer
Fg. E6.1 Crcut for fuding resistarce of
Galvanometer:
Galvanometer is a sensitive device used to detect very low current. Its working is based on the principle
that a coil olaced in a uniform magnetic field experiences a torque when an electric current is set up in
it. The deflection of the coil is determined by a pointer attached to it, moving on the scale. When a coil
carrying current I is placed in a radial magnetic field, the coil experiences a deflection which is related
to I as
|=k0. (1)
where kis a constant of proportionality and is termed as figure of merit of the galvanometer.
Ihe circuit arrangement required for finding the resistance G of the galvanometer by half deflection
method Is shown in Flg. E 6.1.

When a resistance Ris introduced in the circuit, the current I flowing through it is given by
....2)
In this case, the key K, is kept open. Here Eis the emf of battery,G is the resistance of the galvanometer
whose resistance is to be determined, If the current I, produces a deflection in the galvanometer, then
from equation (1) we get
I=k0 ....3)
Combining equations (2) and (3) we get
E/(R+ G) = k0...... .....4.)
On keeping both the keys K, and K, closed and by adiusting the value of shunt resistance S, the
deflection of the galvanometer needle becomes %(half). As Gand Sare in parallel combination and Rin
series with it, the total resistance of the circuit
GS
R'= R + (5)
G+9
The total current, I due to the emf Ein the circuit is given by
E
(6)
R+cs
IfI, is the current through the galvanometer of resistance G, then
G'=S(l-g)
or,lG+s (7)
Substituting the value of I from Equation (6), in equation (7) the current I' is given by
E

ES
..(8)
TeRG+S)+GS
For galvanometer current I', if the deflection through the galvanometer is reduced to half of its initial
value 0= 2 then

r=Kf) = R(G+S) +GS


On dividing Eq. (2) by Eq. (8),
R(G + S) + Gs
=2
ES
or, R (G + S) + GS = 25 (R + G)
RG = RS + GS
G (R-S) = RS
RS
or, G = . .(9)
By knowing the values of R and S, the galvanometer resistance G can be determined. Normally R is
chosen very high (~ 10 k) in comparison to S ( 100 Q) for which G =S

The figure of merit (k) of the galvanometer is defined as the current required for deflecting the pointer
by one division. That is
K=|/0 ..(10)
For determining the figure of merit of the galvanometer the key K; is opened in the circuit arrangement.
Using Eas. (E 6.2) and (E 6.3) the figure of merit of the galvanometer is given by
K=E
OR+G
By .(11)
knowing the values of E, R, G and the figure of merit of the
galvanometer can be calculated.

Observations:
Emf of the battery E = 3V
Number of divisions on full scale of galvanometer = 30
Table: Resistance of galvanometer
SI. High resistance Deflection In Shunt Half RS K=E1
No, (R)Q the resistance deflection in R+G0
galvanometer S(Q) the
e (divisions) (Q) A/divisions
galvanometer
/2
1. (divisions)
2.
3.
4.
5.

Calculations:
Mean value of G (resistance of galvanometer) =
Mean value of k (figure of merit of galvanometer) = ... ...a.mpere/division
Precautions:
1. Key K, should be inserted only after high value of R has been taken
out from resistance box otherwise
galvanometer coil may burn.
2. Adjust R such that deflection in galvanometer is of even division so that e/2 is more conveniently
obtained.

3. Emf of the battery should be constant.


4. Use as high values of R as practically possible. This ensures correct value of G.
5. All the connections and plugs in the resistance box should be tight.

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