Sc

KEY STAGE

2
LEVELS Science tests
3–5 Mark schemes
2006 Tests A and B, levels 3–5
2006

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 First published in 2006

© Qualifications and Curriculum Authority 2006

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 Marking the science tests

As in 2005, external markers, employed by the external marking agencies under contract to QCA, will
mark the test papers. The markers will follow the mark schemes in this booklet, which is supplied to
teachers for information.

This booklet contains the mark schemes for the levels 3–5 tests A and B. Level threshold tables will be
posted on the QCA website (www.qca.org.uk) on 19 June 2006.

General guidance

The structure of the mark schemes

The marking information for each question is set out in the form of tables. The ‘question’ column on
the left-hand side of each table provides a quick reference to the question number and question part.
The ‘mark’ column gives the number of marks available for each question part.
The ‘requirements’ column may include three types of information:

■ a general statement describing what is required for the award of the mark;
■ examples of specific creditworthy responses showing correct science;
■ examples of creditworthy responses beyond the key stage 2 programme of study.
The ‘allowable answers’ column gives examples of ‘allowable’ creditworthy responses, showing correct
science which may not be as clearly expressed.
The ‘additional guidance’ column may include different types of information:

■ specific responses which are not creditworthy either because information from the question has
been rephrased, or because the responses imply incorrect scientific knowledge;

■ answers which are insufficient in themselves to gain credit, but are not incorrect
science, and would therefore not lose credit if used with a correct response.
Where two marks are available for a question which describes the relationship between two
continuous variables, the following will apply:

■ two marks will be awarded for a creditworthy general comparison of the variables in question,
eg the bigger the grains, the longer the sugar takes to dissolve;

■ one mark will be awarded for a pair of creditworthy specific comparisons, eg big grains dissolve
slowly and small grains dissolve fast;

■ one mark will be awarded for a single creditworthy comparison, eg the biggest grains dissolve most
slowly.

Applying the mark schemes

The mark schemes give scientifically correct answers to each question as well as providing guidance
on, and examples of, other answers which are allowable. In cases of alternative wording or where an
answer is drawn rather than written, external markers will exercise their professional judgement.

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 In order to ensure consistency of marking, the most frequent queries are listed below,
with the action the marker will take.

What if...? Marking procedure

The child gives two or more a) If a child qualifies a scientifically correct answer with a scientifically incorrect
responses to a particular statement, no mark will be awarded for that question part.
question part.
b) If a child qualifies a scientifically correct answer with an incorrect statement
which is not relevant to the context of the question, the latter response is
regarded as ‘neutral’ and the mark will be awarded.

The child has not used ticks Any unambiguous positive indication of the correct answer will be accepted. Ticks
to indicate the correct take precedence over any other form of response. Therefore, when ticks and any
response in a multiple-choice other sort of response are given together, the boxes with ticks will be assumed to be
question. the child’s response. If the correct boxes are left blank, no marks will be awarded.

The child ticks more than the One mark will be deducted for each incorrect answer.
required number of boxes. Negative marks will not be awarded.

In a planning question, no Where a child has shown understanding of the question, the mark(s) will be given.
answer is given in the expected
place but the correct answer
is given in the drafting box.

The child misspells a word. a) If it is clear that the child has made a simple error, eg ‘tow’ for ‘two’ or ‘son’ for
‘sun’, then the incorrect spelling will be accepted and the mark awarded.
b) If a child misspells a word copied from the text of the question or from a
selection given, and the new word does not have any inappropriate meaning,
the incorrect spelling will be accepted and the mark awarded.
c) If specific scientific vocabulary is required in the answer, a creditworthy
misspelling must be a phonetic equivalent of the required word, with the major
syllables of the correct word represented in the answer.

Recording marks awarded

In the margin, alongside each question part, there is a mark box for each question
part. Depending on the type of response made to each part of each question by the
child, the external marker will put one of the following into each box:
‘1’ for an acceptable/allowable response;
‘0’ for an incorrect response;
‘-’ if no response is made.
The number of marks gained on each double page will be written in the box at
the bottom of the right-hand page. The total number of marks gained on each
paper will be recorded on the front of the test paper, and on the marksheet.
Each paper has the following number of marks available:
■ Test A has 40;
■ Test B has 40.
The 2006 key stage 2 science tests and mark schemes were developed by the
National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) and the Centre for
Research into Primary Science and Technology (CRIPSAT) on behalf of QCA.

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 [Blank page]

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 Test A question 1: Popcorn

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

1a 2m Award TWO marks for all four

statements correctly classified:

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1/2i,j
3/2b The pictures show that as
the corn pops, it...
True False

gets bigger. ✓
or
changes to a darker colour. ✓

changes shape. ✓

gets smoother. ✓

1m If you are unable to award two marks,

award ONE mark for any two or three
statements correctly classified.

1b 1m Award ONE mark for:

Sasha should measure the...
3/2c
■ temperature. ✓

1c 1m Award ONE mark for:

3/2b
■ heat ✓

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4
 Test A question 1: Popcorn (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

1d 1m Award ONE mark for identifying/ ONE mark may be awarded for Do not give credit for an insufficient
describing a non-reversible change where identifying a biological non-reversible response:

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3/2f a new material is produced, eg: change: ■ heating food [heating may not result
■ (wood/paper/candle) burning; ■ an apple decaying/going rotten; in an irreversible change];
■ egg being boiled; ■ a seed growing into a plant. ■ boiling.
■ mixing vinegar and bicarbonate of
soda; ONE mark may be awarded for a Do not give credit for an insufficient
■ cooking a cake/biscuits; response identifying a material and what response explicitly relating to popcorn:
■ making a cake; it changes into: ■ the popcorn cannot change back to
■ boiling rice/spaghetti; ■ changing bread into toast; seeds again.
■ making paper from wood/trees. ■ paper to ashes;
■ a grape turning into a raisin; Do not give credit for an insufficient
 Give credit for a correct response that ■ milk turning into cheese; response naming a non-reversible physical
goes beyond the key stage 2 ■ changing sand to glass. process in which the material is not
programme of study which names a changed:
chemical change: ■ breaking a cup/glass;
■ combustion; ■ dropping an egg;
■ corrosion/rusting; ■ ripping paper;
■ respiration/photosynthesis. ■ popping a balloon.

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response identifying a new material
without identifying the change:
■ a cake is non-reversible;
■ candle [the wax burns and melts];
■ chips;
■ toast.

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

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 Test A question 2: Boats

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

2a 1m Award ONE mark for:

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■ The force from the water
4/2d,e pushing the boat up.
✓

2b 1m Award ONE mark for recognising that the ONE mark may be awarded for an Do not give credit for an insufficient
larger lump of modelling clay makes boat absolute response implying that boat 2 response:
1/1a 2 sit lower in the water or that boat 2 is has more modelling clay than boat 1: ■ the clay is weighing down the boat;
heavier: ■ boat 2 has a lot of clay; ■ boat 2 floats lower because of the
■ boat 2 has more clay; ■ boat 2 is heavy. modelling clay;
■ the lump of clay in boat 2 is bigger/ ■ there is a force.
heavier;
■ the clay makes it heavier;
■ the heavier the boat, the lower it sinks;
■ it is heavier/weighs more;
■ there is more force (pulling/pushing)
down.

2c 1m Award ONE mark for a horizontal arrow ONE mark may be awarded for an arrow Do not give credit for an insufficient
pointing left drawn anywhere on the pointing left that is within 45° of the response where a line is drawn from the
4/2e picture: horizontal: straw to the sail with no arrowhead.
■ ■

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6
 Test A question 2: Boats (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

2d 1m Award ONE mark for: ONE mark may be awarded for: Do not give credit for a response that
■ friction. ■ air resistance; includes incorrect science:

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4/2c ■ water resistance; ■ gravity/weight.
■ drag.
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response describing friction:
■ (the force from the) air/water/wind.

2e 1m Award ONE mark for a response ONE mark may be awarded for a Do not give credit for a response that
indicating that the big sail will have a response indicating that the big sail includes incorrect science:
1/2l greater pushing/blowing force on it: catches or traps more air/wind, pushing it ■ air resistance makes the boat go faster.
4/2c ■ the force on the big sail is larger; along (faster/further):
■ there is more sail for the blowing force ■ the bigger sail catches more wind and Do not give credit for an insufficient
to act on; is pushed faster; response where the forces on the sail
■ there is a bigger force because it has ■ more air will collect in the big sail to have not been described:
more sail to push; push it along. ■ the bigger the sail, the faster the boat
■ the small sail will not get as much [this is a consequence of a bigger
pushing force so it will be slower. force, not a description of the force];
■ the big sail will catch the wind better;
■ a bigger sail will catch more wind;
■ the small sail does not get as much
wind;
■ the wind will blow the bigger sail
faster [given].

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

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 Test A question 3: Mini-beasts

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

3a 1m Award ONE mark for all four animals Do not give credit for an insufficient
correctly placed: response that replaces ‘butterfly’ or

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2/4a,b ‘hoverfly’ with ‘fly’.
Name Legs Wings Antennae

butterfly 6 4 2

hoverfly 6 2 2

ant 6 0 2

spider 8 0 0

3b 1m Award ONE mark for:

2/5a
■ in the place where
they were found ✓

3c 1m Award ONE mark for correctly naming Do not give credit for an insufficient
both animals: response for naming either insect as ‘fly’.
2/4a,b ■ (i) dragonfly; and .
(ii) housefly;
[in that order].

3d 1m Award ONE mark for both boxes ticked:

1/2b ■ has a long

thin tail ✓
2/4a,b
■ has 4 wings ✓

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

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 Test A question 4: Isaac Newton

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

4a 1m Award ONE mark for:

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1/1a
■ a pulling force
4/2b ✓
towards the Earth

4b 1m Award ONE mark for an indication that ONE mark may be awarded for a Do not give credit for an insufficient
Newton needed evidence to support his response that implies he would know if response:
1/1b ideas or so that he could be more certain his ideas were true: ■ to test his ideas [given];
of his ideas: ■ to see whether his ideas were right / ■ to make sure;
■ to gather evidence to support (or wrong; ■ to see if his results are true;
reject) his ideas; ■ to see if it /his idea works/is true; ■ to check his results;
■ to see if his ideas were supported by ■ to check his ideas; [these responses imply an investigation
his results/investigations; ■ to know (for sure) which force causes has already been carried out];
■ to see if his predictions were correct; the apple to fall; ■ to see if he had the right/correct
■ to find out if other things fall from the ■ if he just guessed he may be wrong; answer [implies results for his ideas
same force; ■ so he could know why the apple fell have been determined previously];
■ if he said anything without investigating on his head; ■ to make it a fair test;
it, other people may find something ■ if he did not test, he would not know ■ to make it accurate;
different. what happened. ■ to see if the investigation worked.

4c 1m Award ONE mark for recognising that ONE mark may be awarded for: Do not give credit for an insufficient
gravitational force is responsible for ■ weight. response describing gravitational force:
4/2b keeping the Earth in orbit: ■ a pulling force towards the Earth.
1/2l ■ gravity.

4d 1m Award ONE mark for a response giving a Do not give credit for an insufficient
time period equivalent to a year: response that gives no units or uses
4/4d ■ 1 year; inappropriate units:
■ 52 weeks; ■ 365;
■ 365–366 days [inclusive]. ■ 52 days.

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 Test A question 4: Isaac Newton (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

4e 1m Award ONE mark for a response that ONE mark may be awarded for: Do not give credit for an insufficient
clearly describes the Earth spinning on its ■ it revolves; response implying night and day are

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4/4c axis to cause day and night: ■ (it moves) on its axis. caused by the Earth orbiting the Sun:
■ it rotates; ■ it turns around the Sun;
■ it spins (on its axis); ■ it orbits.
■ it turns on its axis.
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response:
■ it turns;
■ it goes (a)round;
■ during the day, the Earth is facing the
Sun, at night the Earth is facing away
from the Sun/facing the Moon.

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

11
 Test A question 5: Trees

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

5a 1m Award ONE mark for an indication either ONE mark may be awarded for a Do not give credit for a response that
that the trunk transports water/nutrients response indicating a supporting function includes incorrect science:

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2/3c or that the trunk supports the tree: of the trunk/stem which works in ■ it absorbs/takes in/sucks up water/
■ the trunk carries/moves water and conjunction with the roots: nutrients from the soil;
nutrients (from the roots to the leaves); ■ to keep/hold it up; ■ to anchor the tree;
■ the trunk supports the tree/leaves/ ■ to stand up (straight); [these responses refer to functions of
branches; ■ to keep it stable/steady; the roots];
■ the trunk holds the tree upright. ■ to stop the tree blowing over. ■ it feeds the tree.

 Give credit for a correct response that

goes beyond the key stage 2
programme of study:
■ it carries food to the roots/parts of the
plant that are growing;
■ the trunk/it stores water.

5b 1m Award ONE mark for naming leaves: ONE mark may be awarded for a Do not give credit for a response that
■ (the) leaf. response indicating a green part: includes incorrect science:
2/3b ■ green twig /branch/stalk. ■ roots;
■ flowers.

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response:
■ the stem/stalk/trunk [the stem can only
photosynthesise if it is green].

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12
 Test A question 5: Trees (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

5c 1m Award ONE mark for a response ONE mark may be awarded for a Do not give credit for a response that
indicating that less light is available or response referring to the Sun rather than includes incorrect science:

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2/3a,b that the tree may not have leaves (for the to light: ■ trees die in winter;
production of new materials for growth) ■ the Sun does not get so high in the ■ trees get less food from the Sun.
or that water and/or nutrients may be less sky;
accessible to the tree (as the ground is ■ there is less Sun (in winter). Do not give credit for an insufficient
more likely to be frozen): response implying there is complete
■ (the hours of daylight are shorter so) darkness during winter:
there is less light/sunshine; ■ there is no sunlight/Sun;
■ the (sun)light is not as intense/strong; ■ trees need light to grow.
■ the tree has lost its leaves (so it cannot
make new material for growth); Do not give credit for an insufficient
■ trees cannot get the nutrients (out of response:
the ground); ■ there is less heat;
■ there is less water because it is frozen; ■ it is cold;
■ the tree cannot make enough food [given];
(to grow). ■ there is less water/nutrients;
■ (trees get) less food.
 Give credit for a correct response that
goes beyond the key stage 2
programme of study:
■ there is less photosynthesis;
■ there is less light/water taken in (by
the tree) for photosynthesis.

5d i 1m Award ONE mark for: ONE mark may be awarded for an

■ Norway maple. unambiguous indication of the correct tree:
2/4a ■ Norway/maple.

5d ii 1m Award ONE mark for: ONE mark may be awarded for an

■ Alder buckthorn. unambiguous indication of the correct tree:
2/4a ■ Alder/buckthorn.

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

13
 Test A question 6: Magnets

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

6a i 1m Award ONE mark for 1 to 5 marked on ONE mark may be awarded for a
the vertical or y axis: sequence of 1, 2, 3, or 1, 2, 3, 4 correctly

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1/2h placed:

6a ii 1m Award ONE mark for a bar drawn to ‘2’ ONE mark may be awarded for 2 squares
on the chart above ‘Attracted to a shaded if the scale is incorrect/missing or
1/2h magnet’: for a bar drawn consistently with an
incorrect scale:

6b 1m Award ONE mark for a response ONE mark may be awarded for a Do not give credit for an insufficient
recognising that the results are not response which implies that there is not response which refers to a prediction or
1/2j referred to or interpreted: enough information or recognises that method, or which presents a conclusion:
■ she has not talked about what she has ‘good’ is not defined: ■ she does not say what was supposed
found out /what happened /her results; ■ it does not tell you anything; to happen;
■ it does not give reasons/an explanation. ■ it needs to tell you more about the ■ she has not talked about what she did;
results; ■ it does not describe the investigation;
■ it has not got enough detail; ■ metals were attracted to the magnet.
■ we need more information;
■ it does not tell us why it is good; Do not give credit for an insufficient
■ she needs to explain ‘good’. response:
■ it does not tell you her conclusion;
■ she is just saying it is good;
■ she does not use scientific words;

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■ it does not say why it is attracted to
the materials.
14
 Test A question 6: Magnets (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

6c 2m Award TWO marks for all five

observations correctly classified:

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

1/2k

or

1m If you are unable to award two marks,

award ONE mark for any three or four
correct observations.

6d 1m Award ONE mark for an indication that ONE mark may be awarded for a Do not give credit for a response that
the suggested change would give a response suggesting measurement is not includes incorrect science which is not
1/2m different investigation: needed for their investigation: supported by the results of the
■ they only want to know if the material ■ how far it moves does not matter; investigation:
is attracted or not; ■ it would not make any difference; ■ the materials all move the same
■ they were not testing the strength of ■ it has nothing to do with the test. distance;
the magnets; ■ all the materials attract so it will not
■ it was not what they were testing. ONE mark may be awarded for a work;
response recognising that only some of ■ some metals repel magnets.
the materials are magnetic:
■ if it is not attracted to the magnet it Do not give credit for an insufficient
will not move; response:
■ only steel/iron will attract the magnet; ■ measuring would not help;
■ chocolate would never move; ■ it is easier to see.
■ some materials were not magnetic.

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

15
 Test A question 7: Ice experiments

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

7a i 1m Award ONE mark for a response that ONE mark may be awarded for: Do not give credit in both 7ai and 7aii for
names or describes evaporation: ■ it evaporates/changes into steam. a response that includes incorrect science

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3/2d,b ■ the (hot) water evaporates; indicating that the water comes from the
■ it changes into water vapour; ONE mark may be awarded if evaporation melting ice:
■ it evaporates. is the only process named or described. ■ water from the melting ice cubes drips
through/underneath the plate.
7a ii 1m Award ONE mark for a response that ONE mark may be awarded for:
names or describes condensation: ■ the steam condenses/changes into Do not give credit in either 7ai or 7aii for
3/2d,b ■ the water vapour condenses into liquid; water. a response that includes incorrect science
■ the (cold) plate causes the evaporated despite using the words evaporation and/or
water to condense; ONE mark may be awarded if condensation condensation:
■ the water vapour turns back into liquid; is the only process named or described. ■ the gas evaporates and then condenses
■ it condenses. so that liquid forms under the plate
[mark for 7ai only cannot be awarded];
■ the water condenses because of the
heat and turns into water vapour [mark
for 7aii cannot be awarded];
■ the heat touches the cold plate and
condenses [mark for 7aii cannot be
awarded].

Do not give credit in either 7ai or 7aii for

a response that includes incorrect science
where steam is referred to as a liquid:
■ the steam evaporates [mark for 7ai
cannot be awarded];
■ the gas cools and changes into steam
on the bottom of the plate [mark for
7aii cannot be awarded].

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response:
■ hot air condenses on the plate [there is
likely to be water vapour in the air, but
this needs to be explicit].

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16
 Test A question 7: Ice experiments (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

7b 1m Award ONE mark for labelling the ONE mark may be awarded for: Do not give credit for a response that
horizontal axis with time and giving ■ minutes; includes incorrect science giving the units

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1/2h minutes as the unit of measurement: ■ how long it takes in minutes. of time as anything other than minutes:
■ time (in) mins. ■ time (seconds);
■ hours;
■ seconds;
■ time (m) [‘m’ is the unit of
measurement for metres].

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response:
■ time [does not give units];
■ how long [does not give units and
could refer to length].

7c 1m Award ONE mark for an explanation that ONE mark may be awarded for: Do not give credit for an insufficient
salt increases the rate of melting: ■ the water comes through the funnel response:
1/2j ■ salt makes ice melt quicker; faster when he adds salt; ■ water melts quicker with salt;
■ ice melts more quickly when salt is ■ salt melts the ice better; ■ the salt melts the ice quickly [the ice
added. ■ ice melts easier with salt. melts without salt as well];
■ ice melts without salt;
■ salt affects the rate at which ice melts;
[these responses do not describe the
effect of adding salt].

7d 1m Award ONE mark for:

1/2m
■ He did not try different
amounts of salt.
✓

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

17
 Test A question 8: Train in the tunnel

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

8a i 1m Award ONE mark for a correctly drawn ONE mark may be awarded for an Do not give credit for a response that
symbol for a light bulb in either position in obsolete symbol for the bulb: includes incorrect science where a bulb

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4/1c the circuit: ■ symbol has been incorrectly drawn in the
■ circuit:
■

8a ii 1m Award ONE mark for a correctly drawn ONE mark may be awarded for an Do not give credit for a response that
symbol for a switch in either position in the obsolete symbol for the switch: includes incorrect science where a switch
4/1c circuit: ■ symbol has been incorrectly drawn in the
■ circuit:
■

8b 1m Award ONE mark for naming one of the ONE mark may be awarded for a Do not give credit for an insufficient
following properties: description of a property: response:
3/1a ■ (electrical) conductor; ■ it is easy to cut; ■ it is metal/aluminium;

■ flexible. ■ electricity goes through metal. ■ the foil is rigid [implies no flexibility
and offers no explanation].
ONE mark may be awarded for a
response indicating that the foil needs to
be rigid enough to stay against the roof
of the tunnel:
■ it is a bit rigid so that it can stand up
(to touch the tunnel).

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18
 Test A question 8: Train in the tunnel (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

8c 1m Award ONE mark for an understanding ONE mark may be awarded for: Do not give credit for an insufficient
that the bulb does not light up because ■ The circuit is broken; response:

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4/1a there is a break in the circuit: ■ The circuit is not completely joined up; ■ The circuit does not have enough
■ The circuit is not complete; ■ The circuit is not connected (properly); electricity/energy;
■ The circuit has a gap in it. ■ The circuit is switched off. ■ The circuit needs both foil strips to
touch;
 Give credit for a correct response that ■ The circuit has only one foil strip
goes beyond the key stage 2 touching;
programme of study: [given].
■ The circuit is open;
■ The circuit has no current flowing.

8d 1m Award ONE mark for:

■ ✓
1/2m
4/1a

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

19
 Test B question 1: Bones

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

1a 1m Award ONE mark for:

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2/2e
■ movement ✓

1b 1m Award ONE mark for an indication that Do not give credit for an insufficient
the bones are lighter: response that gives information from the
1/1a ■ the bones are not as heavy; question/stem:
2/5c ■ they do not need as much effort ■ it makes it easier for the birds to fly;
to lift them. ■ it has a lot of air inside.

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response where no comparison is implied:
■ because they are light;
■ they are not weighing them down.

1c 1m Award ONE mark for:

2/2b
■ a balanced diet ✓

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20
 Test B question 1: Bones (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

1d 1m Award ONE mark for an indication that ONE mark may be awarded for a Do not give credit for an insufficient
humans should exercise or not smoke: response which elaborates on the types of response:

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

2/2h,g ■ they should play football/go running food which improve/reduce bone ■ eat different types of food;
(regularly); strength: ■ eat five portions of fruit and
■ they should keep fit; ■ they should drink /eat milk /cheese. vegetables a day;
■ they should not smoke/start smoking. ■ eat healthy food;
■ eat a balanced diet [given];
 Give credit for a correct response that ■ do not drink alcohol [moderate
goes beyond the key stage 2 amounts can improve bone strength];
programme of study: ■ drink lots of water [too much fluoride
■ they should not drink too much can decrease bone strength];
caffeine/coffee/tea; ■ eat protein [can have a negative or
■ they should take mineral(s) (supplements positive effect on bone strength].
of calcium /phosphorus/sodium/
potassium);
■ they should have vitamin (D/C/K) tablets.

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

21
 Test B question 2: In the kitchen

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

2a 1m Award ONE mark for both rows of the

table completed correctly:

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

3/1a
Material/Object Flexible Hard Transparent

aluminium foil ✓ ✘ ✘

wax candle ✘ ✘ ✘

wooden rolling pin ✘ ✓ ✘

plastic food wrap ✓ ✘ ✓

glass ✘ ✓ ✓

2b 1m Award ONE mark for describing a use of ONE mark may be awarded for describing Do not give credit for an insufficient
foil that requires it to be flexible: a use of foil where the need for it to be property that gives a use unrelated to
3/1a ■ wrapping up food; flexible is implied: being flexible:
■ to bend it around food. ■ to cook a chicken in it; ■ it does not burn in the oven.
■ to put your sandwiches in;
■ to seal take-away cartons;
■ covering oven dishes.

2c 2m Award TWO marks for all three correct

boxes ticked:
3/2d,g
■ cooling water ✓
■ freezing water
into ice ✓
or

■ dissolving salt
in water ✓

1m If you are unable to award two marks,

award ONE mark for ticking any two of
the correct boxes.

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22
 Test B question 2: In the kitchen (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

2d i 1m Award ONE mark for:

■ condensation.

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

3/2d

2d ii 1m Award ONE mark for a response ONE mark may be awarded for an Do not give credit for a response that
indicating that the water inside the pan observation implying the water evaporates: includes incorrect science indicating the
1/1a evaporates: ■ the water turns to steam. gas will disappear:
3/2d ■ the water evaporates; ■ the water will turn to water vapour
■ the water inside the pan turns to which disappears.
water vapour (when the water boils);
■ it changes to a gas. Do not give credit for an insufficient
response:
■ the water disappears;
■ the water boils;
■ the pan goes/boils dry;
■ steam;
■ it will turn into condensation;
■ water vapour.

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

23
 Test B question 3: At the dentist

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

3a i 1m Award ONE mark for an arrow pointing ONE mark may be awarded for any arrow Do not give credit for a response that
upwards anywhere on the picture: pointing up that is within 45° of the includes incorrect science showing an

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

4/2e ■ vertical: arrow pointing down:
■ ■

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response where a line rather than an
arrow is drawn.

3a ii 1m Award ONE mark for labelling the tooth

as an incisor.
2/2a

3b 1m Award ONE mark for a response that ONE mark may be awarded for: Do not give credit for an insufficient
identifies one way of preventing tooth ■ drink lots of water (containing fluoride); response:
2/2a decay: ■ eat a balanced diet; ■ visit the dentist regularly [given];
■ brush/clean teeth (regularly); ■ do not smoke. ■ eat healthy food [not specific to food
■ use dental floss; that affects teeth];
■ use a mouth wash; ■ chew gum.
■ chew sugar free gum;
■ avoid fizzy drinks;
■ do not eat lots of sugary/acidic foods;
■ get a new toothbrush every couple of
months;
■ drink milk /eat calcium-rich foods.

3c 1m Award ONE mark for:

4/3b ■ glass ✓

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24
 Test B question 3: At the dentist (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

3d i 1m Award ONE mark for two lines (with or ONE mark may be awarded for one Do not give credit for an insufficient
without correct arrowheads) showing the continuous reflected line even where the response where only one line is drawn:

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

4/3c correct path of light. The lines must go arrowhead is incorrect or missing: ■
from the lamp to Jon (between his nose ■
and chin) and from Jon to the dentist
(between his hairline and nose):
■

3d ii 1m Award ONE mark for two arrowheads ONE mark may be awarded for a correct Do not give credit for an insufficient
showing the direction of light travel from arrowhead on a continuous reflected line: response where the direction of travel is
4/3a,d the lamp to Jon (between his nose and ■ shown only by one non-reflected arrow:
chin) and from Jon to the dentist ■
(between his hairline and nose):
■

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

25
 Test B question 4: Adding water

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

4a 1m Award ONE mark for correctly completing

all four rows of the table:

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

3/2a,f
Solid Beaker
3/3b
soil B
vitamin tablet D
plastic beads A
salt C

4b 1m Award ONE mark for a response ONE mark may be awarded for a Do not give credit for an insufficient
indicating the solid dissolved: response stating that the vitamin tablet response that does not explain what
3/3b ■ salt/it dissolved; dissolved if the pupil has identified that happened to the solid:
■ it formed a solution. the vitamin tablet is in beaker C in part 4a. ■ it disappeared.

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response:
■ it mixed with the water.

4c 1m Award ONE mark for: ONE mark may be awarded for:

■ Beaker D. ■ vitamin tablet.
3/2f

4d 1m Award ONE mark for:

1/2c

■ ✓

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26
 Test B question 4: Adding water (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

4e 1m Award ONE mark for an indication that ONE mark may be awarded for a Do not give credit for an insufficient
Safara should evaporate the water: response explaining the beaker should be response where it is ambiguous what is

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

3/3d ■ evaporate the water; moved to a warmer place and /or left to evaporating:
■ by evaporation. dry: ■ evaporate the mixture;
■ move the beaker on to a (sunny/warm) ■ evaporate it [it refers to the salt].
window sill;
■ put the beaker on a radiator; Do not give credit for an insufficient
■ by heating it. response:
■ filter the solution.

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

27
 Test B question 5: Bean seeds

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

5a 1m Award ONE mark for: Award ONE mark for: Do not give credit if the ‘no’ box is
ticked.

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

■ yes ✓ ■ yes ✓
1/2d
AND AND
an indication that the soil would have an a description of a difference between two Do not give credit for an insufficient
effect on the investigation or that only soils: response:
one variable is changed in a fair test: ■ chalk may be dry and clay wet; ■ yes ✓
■ the soil will make a difference/have an ■ one soil may have more nutrients or
AND
effect on the results; moisture than others;
■ keep everything the same;
■ otherwise you could not compare (the ■ one soil might be better than another;
■ if you had different soils it would be
growth of the plants); ■ one might be richer/finer/rougher.
unfair;
■ using different soils will make the
■ it may be a different type of soil.
conclusion wrong; ONE mark may be awarded if neither box
■ you can only change the seeds/one is ticked but the creditworthy explanation
thing in this investigation; indicates that using the same type of soil
■ all the bean seeds will be in the same helps to make the test fair.
conditions.

5b 1m Award ONE mark for: Award ONE mark for: Do not give credit for an insufficient
response:
■ no ✓ ■ no ✓
1/2d
■ no ✓
AND AND
an indication that the results will not be ■ the colour makes no difference; AND
affected if the colour of the can is ■ it has no effect; ■ the size/shape of the watering can
changed or that there are other control ■ the (amount/type of) water is the same; affects the plants [size/shape does not
variables which have a greater effect: ■ the colour will not change the test; affect the amount of water you give it];
■ you only need to control factors that ■ the water makes a difference. ■ it would not be fair if she uses the
affect the test, (the colour does not); same coloured watering can [restates
■ you will be able to compare the results ONE mark may be awarded if neither box information given via the tick box].
for the different seeds even if you is ticked but the creditworthy explanation
change the colour of the can; indicates that using the same colour Do not give credit for an insufficient
■ as long as she uses the same amount watering can does not affect the fairness response:
of water, the test will be fair; of the test.
■ yes ✓
■ it does not matter about colour so
long as the material is the same; ONE mark may be awarded if ‘yes’ is AND
■ the amount of water has a greater ticked AND there is an explicit explanation ■ you should only change one variable/
effect. of how the watering can’s colour may factor in a fair test.

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affect the temperature of any water stored.

28
 Test B question 5: Bean seeds (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

5c 2m Award TWO marks for all four factors

correctly classified:

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

1/2d

or

1m If you are unable to award two marks,

award ONE mark for any three factors
correctly classified.

5d 1m Award ONE mark for an indication that ONE mark may be awarded for a response Do not give credit for an insufficient
reliability is increased: which suggests that the same type of response:
1/2g ■ to make results more reliable; bean should grow similarly: ■ to get the correct/right results/answer
■ some seeds may not germinate/grow; ■ to see if the same type of seed always [implies that there is a predetermined
■ to help ensure she gets a result; germinates more quickly; correct answer];
■ there is more chance of germination; ■ to see if they germinate at the same ■ so she can see which is best;
■ she will have more evidence/results; rate; ■ to see which (type of seed) germinates
■ to check/confirm results; ■ she can compare her results/them. quickest [focuses on comparing
■ to get an average. different types of beans rather than
ONE mark may be awarded for a response beans of the same type];
which refers to accuracy: ■ so you have lots of plants to check;
■ to be more accurate. ■ so the test was fair/right/correct.

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

29
 [Blank page]

30

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 Test B question 6: Tuning fork

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

6a 1m Award ONE mark for identifying ONE mark may be awarded for an Do not give credit for an insufficient
vibrations: appropriate description of vibrations: response:

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

4/3e ■ they vibrate; ■ it moves up and down quickly. ■ they move up and down;
■ vibrations. ■ they wobble/shake;
■ they are hit [given].

6b 1m Award ONE mark for identifying that the ONE mark may be awarded for: Do not give credit for a response that
sound made by the tuning fork will ■ the volume is higher; includes incorrect science referring to
4/3f become louder/last longer: ■ it made a loud/long sound. pitch:
■ it will produce a louder sound; ■ it/the pitch is higher;
■ it will go on for longer. ■ it produces a higher sound.

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response for which the meaning is
ambiguous:
■ the sound gets harder;
■ it will vibrate more.

6c 1m Award ONE mark for ticking the two ONE mark may be awarded if both ‘desk’
correct boxes as shown: and ‘air’ boxes (with or without the ‘both’
4/3g box) are ticked in the bottom row of the
What does the sound travel through when... desk air both
table.
...the tuning fork is not touching the desk? ✓
...the tuning fork is touching the desk? ✓

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

31
 Test B question 7: Brine shrimps and flamingoes

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

7a 1m Award ONE mark for an indication that ONE mark may be awarded for: Do not give credit for an insufficient
the neck is long and/or flexible: ■ the length (of the neck); response which does not describe a

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

2/5c ■ it is (long and) bendy; ■ (it bends) to allow the beak to get in property of the neck:
■ it is flexible; the correct position to feed; ■ they do not have to bend over;
■ it is long; ■ it can stretch; ■ it is easier to feed;
■ it can reach out (to find food). ■ it is curly/bent. ■ they can put their head in the water.

ONE mark may be awarded for a

response that indicates that food passes
from the mouth to the stomach, via the
neck.

7b 1m Award ONE mark for all three organisms ONE mark may be awarded for a food Do not give credit for an insufficient
in the correct order: chain in which ‘green plants’ replace response naming ‘bird’ in place of
2/5d,e ‘algae’. ‘flamingo’.

algae brine flamingo

shrimp Do not give credit for an insufficient
response naming an organism from a
different habitat.

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32
 Test B question 7: Brine shrimps and flamingoes (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

7c 1m Award ONE mark for an understanding of ONE mark may be awarded for: Do not give credit for an insufficient
the role of the eggs in the life cycle of the ■ it will not die out [‘die out’ implies response implying the adult brine shrimp,

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

1/1a brine shrimp or a response relating to the extinction of the population]; rather than the population, continues to
2/1a survival of the population, rather than of ■ to carry on the life cycle; live or reproduce:
2/5c the individual: ■ more brine shrimps will grow (if the ■ it helps the brine shrimps to live longer;
■ (if the eggs do not die), they can still water dries up); ■ it can stay alive and live for a long time.
hatch (when the lake fills with water); ■ more brine shrimps will be produced/
■ (new) brine shrimps can still develop can be born; Do not give credit for an insufficient
from the eggs (when the lake fills up); ■ they can reproduce. response which describes, without
■ it might prevent the species dying qualification, what happens if the eggs
out/becoming extinct; do die:
■ the brine shrimp population/species ■ the brine shrimp will become extinct.
will survive;
■ if the eggs die, there will not be any Do not give credit for an insufficient
brine shrimps (to reproduce). response that repeats given information
without further explanation:
■ the adult dies but the eggs do not;
■ because the shrimp eggs can live in
dried up water/on land;
■ because the lake will fill up again;
■ brine shrimp eggs do not dry up.

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

33
 Test B question 8: Keeping drinks hot

Draft box Markers should read the answers to all parts before marking this question.
The draft box can be consulted when marking parts 8a, 8b and 8c, for clarification of any ambiguity in the marked response,
or when no answer is given. If an answer is correct, ignore contradictory statements written in the draft box.
Parts 8a–8c must form a coherent investigation.

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

8a 1m Award ONE mark for any acceptable ONE mark may be awarded for:
factor that describes the independent ■ type of cup.
1/2d variable (IV):
■ the type of material;
■ number of layers of material;
■ the insulators.

8b 1m Award ONE mark for any acceptable ONE mark may be awarded for: Do not give credit for a control variable
control variable: ■ the cups; that is inconsistent with, or repeats, the IV
1/2d ■ volume/amount of liquid; ■ drink; or DV offered in parts 8a and 8c
■ shape of container; ■ how hot or cold the room is. respectively.
■ the place where the cups are put;
■ starting temperature; If neither an IV nor a DV are offered, the
■ same type of drink; control variable may gain credit, provided
■ the time the drinks are left. it is consistent with the context of the
investigation presented in the introduction.
If both the IV and DV are insufficient or
incorrect, the control variable cannot gain
credit.

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34
 Test B question 8: Keeping drinks hot (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

8c 1m Award ONE mark for any acceptable ONE mark may be awarded for:
dependent variable (DV) identified, eg: ■ heat (of the drink).

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

1/2d ■ time to reach a particular temperature;
■ time taken for this drink to cool; ONE mark may be awarded for naming
■ time the drink stays warm; the appropriate equipment needed to
■ which drink stayed hotter for longest; measure the DV:
■ rate of cooling/temperature change ■ thermometer;
over time; ■ timer.
■ temperature decrease in a given time;
■ temperature (of the drink);
■ how hot or cold it is.

8d 1m Award ONE mark for any acceptable new ONE mark may be awarded for: Do not give credit for an insufficient
IV: ■ number of layers of materials; response naming the IV given in part 8a:
1/2c ■ the material the cup is made of; ■ with and without a thermos flask; ■ insulators;
■ cups with and without lids; ■ the temperature of liquid; ■ material.
■ the amount/type of drink or liquid; ■ heat (of the drink).
■ the number of cups into which a drink
is placed;
■ the place where the drink is left;
■ the thickness of the material/cup.

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

35
 Test B question 9: Making bread

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

9a 1m Award ONE mark for an indication that ONE mark may be awarded for indication Do not give credit for a response that
the yeast makes the dough/bread rise: that the bread increases in volume or that includes incorrect science:

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

1/2f ■ it causes the dough/bread to rise; gas is produced: ■ it makes air/oxygen;
■ without the yeast, the bread stays flat. ■ it makes the bread grow/bigger; ■ the bread becomes harder.
■ the bread has more/bigger holes;
 Give credit for a correct response ■ it rises; Do not give credit for a response that
that goes beyond the key stage 2 ■ it makes gas. includes incorrect science describing an
programme of study: increase in the mass/weight of the bread:
■ it produces carbon dioxide. ■ it makes the bread heavier.

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response:
■ it affects the taste of the bread;
■ it changes the height of the bread
[does not necessarily imply an increase].

9b 1m Award ONE mark for all ticks in the right

place according to either set of answers:
1/2d
Mixture 1 Mixture 2
flour ✓ ✓
yeast ✓ ✓
sugar ✓ ✓
warm water ✓
cold water ✓

OR
Mixture 1 Mixture 2
flour ✓ ✓
yeast ✓ ✓
sugar ✓ ✓
warm water ✓
cold water ✓

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36
 Test B question 9: Making bread (continued)

Question Mark Requirements Allowable answers Additional guidance

9c 2m Award TWO marks for all four statements

correctly classified:

Sourced from SATs-Papers.co.uk

2/5f
Micro-organisms...
are very small. True
or cannot reproduce. False
need nutrients. True
can grow. True

1m If you are unable to award two marks,

award ONE mark for any two or three
statements correctly classified.

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When applying this mark scheme, please also refer to the General guidance given on pages 1 and 2.

37
 EARLY YEARS

NATIONAL
CURRICULUM
5–16

GCSE

GNVQ

GCE A LEVEL

NVQ

OTHER
VOCATIONAL
QUALIFICATIONS

For more information, contact:

QCA key stage 2 team, 83 Piccadilly, London W1J 8QA

For more copies, contact:

QCA Orderline, PO Box 29, Norwich NR3 1GN
Tel: 08700 60 60 15 Fax: 08700 60 60 17
Email: [email protected]

Order ref: QCA/06/1900 (mark schemes pack) 270012

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