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Class work Effects of Current Part (3)

Notes for class 10th

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11 views5 pages

Class work Effects of Current Part (3)

Notes for class 10th

Uploaded by

tanshipandey89
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER – 11

Effects of Current

Combination of Resistors - The resistance can be combined in two ways:


(i) In series combination (ii) In parallel combination

(i) Resistors in Series - same current but different voltage.

In Series combination –
(i) Current through each resistance is same.
(ii) Total Potential difference (voltage) across the combination = Sum of the voltage drops.
The total potential difference, V = V1 + V2 + V3 …….(i)
We know by Ohm’s law V=IR
Applying Ohm’s law to each resistance separately, V 1 = I R1 , V2 = I R2 , V3 = I R3 ….(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we have
I RS = I R1 + I R2 + I R3
I RS = I ( R1 + R2 + R3 )
Requivalant or RS = R1 + R2 + R3

Result - * Equivalent resistance = Sum of the individual resistances.


* Equivalent resistance is larger than the largest individual resistance.

(ii) Resistors in Parallel - same Voltage but different current.


In Parallel combination –
(i) Voltage across each resistance is same and is equal to the applied voltage.
(ii) Total current = Sum of the currents through the individual resistances.
The total current , I = I1 + I2 + I3 …….(i)
𝑽
We know by Ohm’s law V = I R or 𝐈 =
𝑹
𝑽 𝑽 𝑽
Applying Ohm’s law to each resistance separately, 𝑰𝟏 = , 𝑰𝟐 = , 𝑰𝟑 = ….(ii)
𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟑
From equations (i) and (ii), we have
𝑽 𝑽 𝑽 𝑽
= + +
𝑹𝑷 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟑
𝑽 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
=V( + + )
𝑹𝑷 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= + +
𝑹𝑷 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟑

Result - * Reciprocal of equivalent resistance = Sum of reciprocals of individual resistances.


* Equivalent resistance is less than the smallest individual resistance

Intext probems
Qus - Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of a battery of three cells of 2 V
each, a 5 Ω resistor, an 8 Ω resistor, and a 12 Ω resistor, and a plug key, all connected in
series.
Ans –

Qus - Redraw the circuit of Question 1, putting in an ammeter to measure the current
through the resistors and a voltmeter to measure the potential difference across the 12 Ω
resistor. What would be the readings in the ammeter and the voltmeter?
Ans – An ammeter should always be connected in series with resistors while the voltmeter
should be connected in parallel to the resistor to measure the potential difference

Given - The total resistance of the circuit is R = 5 Ω + 8 Ω +12 Ω = 25 Ω.


Potential difference V = 6 V,
Then the current I = V/R = 6/25 = 0.24A

Let the potential difference across the 12 Ω resistor be V 1.


By ohm’s law V1 = I . R = 0.24A × 12 Ω = 2.88 V

Therefore, the ammeter reading will be 0.24 A and the voltmeter reading be 2.88 V.

Qus - Judge the equivalent resistance when the following are connected in parallel –
(a) 1 Ω and 106 Ω,
(b) 1 Ω, 103 Ω, and 106 Ω.
Ans – (a) When 1 Ω and 106 are connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance is given by

Therefore, the equivalent resistance is 1 Ω.

(b) When 1 Ω, 103 Ω, and 106 Ω are connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance is given
by

Therefore, the equivalent resistance is 0.999 Ω.

Qus. - An electric lamp of 100 Ω, a toaster of resistance 50 Ω, and a water filter of


resistance 500 Ω are connected in parallel to a 220 V source. What is the resistance of an
electric iron connected to the same source that takes as much current as all three appliances,
and what is the current through it?
Ans. -
The equivalent resistance of the resistors can be calculated as follows:

The resistance of the electric iron box is 31.25 Ω.

Qus. – What are the advantages of connecting electrical devices in parallel with the battery
instead of connecting them in series?
Ans. –When the electrical devices are connected in parallel then
(i) There is no division of voltage among the appliances. The potential difference across the
devices is equal to supply voltage.
(ii) Parallel connection of devices also reduces the effective resistance of the circuit.

Qus. - How can three resistors of resistances 2 Ω, 3 Ω, and 6 Ω be connected to give a total
resistance of (a) 4 Ω, (b) 1 Ω?
Ans. - (a)
From the circuit above, it is understood that 3 Ω and 6 Ω are connected in parallel. Hence,
their equivalent resistance is given by

The equivalent resistor 2 Ω is in series with the 2 Ω resistor. Now the equivalent resistance
can be calculated as follows:
Req= 2 Ω +2 Ω = 4 Ω
Hence, the total resistance of the circuit is 4 Ω.

(b)

From the circuit, it is understood that all the resistors are connected in parallel. Therefore,
their equivalent resistance can be calculated as follows:

The total resistance of the circuit is 1 Ω.

Qus. – What is (a) the highest, (b) the lowest total resistance that can be secured by
combinations of four coils of resistance 4 Ω, 8 Ω, 12 Ω, 24 Ω?
Ans. – (a) total resistance will be highest in series.
The total equivalent resistance when connected in series will be
RS = 4 Ω + 8 Ω + 12 Ω + 24 Ω = 48 Ω.

(b) total resistance will be lowest in parallel.


Their equivalent resistance when connected in parallel is

Hence, the lowest total resistance is 2 Ω.

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