UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VILLUPURAM
( A Contituent college of Anna University Chennai)
Kakuppam , Villupuram. 605103.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

FINAL YEAR ECE

SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT

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UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
VILLUPURAM
( A Contituent college of Anna University Chennai)
Kakuppam , Villupuram. 605103.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
FINAL YEAR ECE

SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT

Submitted by
1. Dharani.J (422521106008)
2. Lakshana.P.S (422521106015)
3. Nandhini.S (422521106025)
4. Nivetha.S (422521106028)
5. Nivedha.V (422521106027)
6. Porkalaidevi.K (422521106029)
7. Sumithra.E (422521106039)
8. Swetha.K (422521106041)
9. Vijayalakshmi.M (422521106044)
10. Rajadurai.A (422521106307)
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 Table of Contents

S.No Particulars Page No.

1. About the Organization 3

2. Objectives 4

3. Learnings 4

4. Laser Engraving and Cutting Machine 5

5. 3d Printing 7

6. PCB Design 10

7. Basics of Product Development 14

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About the Organization
AICTE-IDEA (Idea Development, Evaluation & Application) Labs are
being established across the country for encouraging students for application of
science, technology engineering and mathematics (STEM) fundamentals towards
enhanced hands-on experience, learning by doing and even product visualization.
As a common facility embedded in the institution, the IDEA Lab will make
engineering graduates more imaginative and creative, besides getting basic
training in the 21st century skills like- critical thinking, problem solving, design
thinking, collaboration, communication, lifelong learning etc. IDEA Lab can
empower the students and faculty to “engage, explore, experience, express and
excel", addressing the need of new age learning. IDEA Lab would serve as an
infrastructure for faculty to take up and promote multidisciplinary education and
research. Accordingly, faculty would be encouraged to get trained in these Labs
and strive for creating problems/projects/internships in their own
subjects/disciplines and mentor the students.
IDEA Lab will provide all facilities under one roof, for conversion of an
idea into a prototype. The idea need not be always be new (which will always be
encouraged) but the emphasis would be on graduating engineers working with
their hands using equipment, tools and consumables (listed in the Scheme
Document). With these facilities available 24x7 in the campus, more students and
faculty will be encouraged to take up creative work and in the process, get training
on creative thinking, problem solving, collaboration etc. which conventional labs
are not focussing on. The focus will be on training students so that they become
imaginative and creative and stay so at the workplaces they join. The ultimate
objective is to transform engineering education with such a Lab in all colleges
and for this they must proactively expose all students to the IDEA Lab, organize
training sessions for interested students as well as support projects and by
providing online learning materials.

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Ojectives
1. Encourage Innovation:
Foster a culture of creativity and innovation among students,
encouraging them to think outside the box and develop unique solutions to real-
world problems.
2. Support Entrepreneurship:
Provide a structured environment where students can turn their
innovative ideas into viable business models or projects.
3. Skill Development:
Equip students with essential skills needed for entrepreneurship, such
as problem-solving, critical thinking, and technical expertise.

The AICTE Idea Lab aims to significantly contribute to India’s innovation

landscape by:
• Promoting Startups: Increasing the number of student-led startups and
fostering an entrepreneurial mindset in technical education.
• Enhancing Employability: Equipping students with practical skills and
experiences that enhance their employability in the job market.
• Driving Economic Growth: Supporting the creation of innovative
solutions that can address local and national challenges, contributing to
overall economic development.

Learnings
• Laser Engraving and Cutting Machine
• 3d Printing
• PCB Design
• Basics of Product Development

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Laser engraving and cutting Machine
Laser engraving and cutting machines are versatile tools used in various
industries for precise marking, engraving, and cutting of different materials.
Here’s a detailed overview of how these machines work, their applications, types,
and key features.
How It Works
These machines utilize a focused laser beam to either engrave or cut
materials. The laser is generated by a laser source and directed through a series
of mirrors and lenses to create a highly focused beam that can be controlled with
precision.

Laser Cutting and Engraving Machine

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Engraving vs. Cutting:
Engraving:
Involves etching designs, patterns, or text onto a material’s surface without
cutting through it. This is achieved by adjusting the laser’s power and speed.
Cutting:
Involves using a higher power setting to cut completely through materials,
creating shapes and designs.

Laser cutting (acrylic sheet)

Software used for design:

1. Inkscape
2. Adobe Illustrator
3. AutoCAD
4. CorelDRAW

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3D Printers
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a process of creating
three-dimensional objects from a digital file. It builds objects layer by layer,
which allows for complex geometries and customized designs that traditional
manufacturing methods often can’t achieve.
Process
1. Design:
The process starts with a 3D model, typically created using CAD
(Computer-Aided Design) software. The model is then converted into a format
suitable for 3D printing, usually STL (Stereolithography) or OBJ files.
2. Slicing:
The 3D model is sliced into thin horizontal layers using slicing software.
This software generates the instructions (G-code) that the printer will follow.

3D Printer

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 3. Printing:
The printer lays down material layer by layer according to the
instructions, gradually building the object from the bottom up. This can take
anywhere from a few minutes to several hours, depending on the complexity and
size of the object.
4. Post-Processing:
After printing, objects may require additional finishing steps such as
cleaning, support removal, sanding, or painting.

Materials
• Plastics: Commonly used materials include PLA (Polylactic Acid), ABS
(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), and PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate
Glycol).
• Metals: Metals like titanium, aluminum, and stainless steel can be used,
especially in industrial applications.
• Resins: For high-resolution prints, liquid resins are often used in SLA
(Stereolithography) and DLP (Digital Light Processing) printers.
• Composites: Materials like carbon fiber or glass fiber infused into plastics
for enhanced strength and durability.

Software Used
1. 3D Modeling Software
• Tinkercad: A user-friendly, web-based CAD tool ideal for beginners.
• Fusion 360: A powerful CAD/CAM software for more complex designs,
suitable for professionals and hobbyists.
• Blender: An open-source 3D modeling tool popular for artistic designs
and animations, offering robust features for modeling and sculpting.
• SketchUp: Known for its simplicity, it's often used in architectural design
and basic modeling.
2. Slicing Software
• Cura: An open-source slicer developed by Ultimaker, widely used for
FDM printers.
• PrusaSlicer: A versatile slicer that works well with Prusa printers and
offers many advanced features.
• Simplify3D: A paid slicer known for its extensive control over print
settings and multi-part assembly.
• Slic3r: Another open-source option that’s been influential in the 3D
printing community.

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3. Printer Control Software
• OctoPrint: A powerful web interface for controlling 3D printers remotely,
allowing users to monitor prints and adjust settings.
• Repetier-Host: A free software that combines slicer and printer control,
compatible with many printer models.
• MatterControl: A comprehensive software that combines design, slicing,
and printer management into one platform.
4. Post-Processing Software
• Meshmixer: Useful for editing and repairing 3D models, including tasks
like mesh optimization and support generation.
• Netfabb: Provides advanced tools for repairing, slicing, and preparing
models for 3D printing, especially in industrial applications.
5. Specialized Software
• Rhino: Known for its flexibility in modeling, especially for complex forms
often used in industrial and product design.
• SolidWorks: A professional CAD program used for precise engineering
designs, particularly in mechanical engineering and product design.
• ZBrush: Primarily used for sculpting and creating highly detailed models,
particularly in the gaming and film industries.

Technologies
• FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling): Melts plastic filament and extrudes
it layer by layer. It's widely used for hobbyist printers.
• SLA (Stereolithography): Uses a laser to cure liquid resin layer by layer.
Known for high precision and smooth finishes.
• SLS (Selective Laser Sintering): Uses a laser to fuse powdered materials,
allowing for strong and complex parts.
• DLP (Digital Light Processing): Similar to SLA but uses a digital light
projector for curing the resin.

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PCB Design
PCB (Printed Circuit Board) design is the process of creating the layout and
functionality of PCBs, which are essential components in electronic devices.
PCBs provide the physical support and electrical connections for electronic
components.

Overview of PCB Design

What is a PCB?
• Structure: A PCB consists of a substrate (usually fiberglass), conductive
pathways (traces), and pads to mount electronic components. They can be
single-sided, double-sided, or multi-layered.
• Function: PCBs act as the backbone of electronic circuits, allowing for the
electrical connection between various components such as resistors,
capacitors, microcontrollers, and connectors.

PCB Printer

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PCB Design Process
1. Define Specifications:
o Functionality: Determine the purpose of the PCB, including the
components it will host and its operational requirements.
o Size and Shape: Define the physical dimensions and shape based
on the application and enclosure.
2. Schematic Design:
o Circuit Schematic: Create a schematic diagram using PCB design
software. This diagram shows the connections and relationships
between components.
o Component Selection: Choose the right components based on
electrical specifications and availability.
3. PCB Layout:
o Place Components: Arrange components on the PCB layout
according to the schematic. Consider space for mounting and heat
dissipation.
o Routing Traces: Connect the components using traces, ensuring
they follow the design rules (e.g., trace width, spacing).
o Layer Stackup: Decide on the number of layers based on
complexity. Multi-layer boards allow for more complex designs and
reduced size.

Layout Routing

4. Design Rule Check (DRC):

o Perform a DRC to identify potential issues, such as trace width
violations, clearance issues, or unconnected nets.

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 5. Generate Gerber Files:
o Gerber files are the standard output files used by PCB manufacturers
to fabricate the board. These files include layer information, drill
files, and assembly instructions.
6. Prototype and Testing:
o Prototype Creation: Fabricate a prototype PCB to test the design.
o Testing: Validate functionality through electrical testing and
performance assessments.
7. Final Adjustments:
o Make necessary adjustments based on testing results, and prepare for
mass production.

PCB Design Tools

Several software tools are available for PCB design, each offering various
features. Some popular ones include:
1. Eagle:
o User-friendly interface, ideal for small to medium projects. Offers a
free version for hobbyits.

PCB Designing in Eagle

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2. Altium Designer:
o A professional-grade tool with advanced features for complex
designs, including 3D visualization and collaboration capabilities.
3. KiCAD:
o An open-source PCB design suite, offering comprehensive tools for
schematic capture and PCB layout.
4. Proteus:
o Combines PCB design with simulation capabilities, allowing users
to test their circuits before fabrication.
5. OrCAD:
o A powerful tool often used in industry for high-speed and complex
PCB designs.

PCB Board

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Product Developnment
Product development is a structured process that transforms an idea into a
market-ready product.

Key steps involved in product development:

1. Idea Generation
• Brainstorming: Gather a team to generate new ideas through
brainstorming sessions.
• Market Research: Analyze customer needs, industry trends, and
competitive products to identify potential opportunities.
• Feedback: Gather insights from stakeholders, customers, and market
experts.
2. Idea Screening
• Evaluation: Assess the feasibility and potential of each idea based on
criteria such as market demand, technical feasibility, and alignment with
business goals.
• Prioritization: Select the most promising ideas for further development
while discarding less viable ones.
3. Concept Development and Testing
• Concept Creation: Develop detailed concepts for the selected ideas,
outlining features, benefits, and target markets.
• Prototyping: Create low-fidelity prototypes or mockups to visualize the
concept.
• Testing: Gather feedback from potential users through surveys, focus
groups, or usability tests to validate the concept.
4. Business Analysis
• Market Analysis: Assess the target market size, trends, and competitive
landscape.
• Cost Estimates: Calculate development costs, production costs, and
pricing strategies.
• Profitability Projections: Estimate potential sales and profitability to
ensure the product is financially viable.
5. Product Development
• Design and Engineering: Develop detailed product specifications,
including technical designs and manufacturing processes.
• Prototyping: Create functional prototypes to test performance and
usability.
• Testing and Iteration: Conduct rigorous testing (e.g., functionality, safety,
compliance) and refine the product based on feedback.

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6. Market Testing
• Pilot Launch: Introduce the product to a limited audience or market
segment to assess performance and gather real-world feedback.
• Monitoring: Analyze sales data, customer feedback, and market response
to identify areas for improvement.
7. Commercialization
• Marketing Strategy: Develop a comprehensive marketing plan, including
branding, positioning, and promotional strategies.
• Sales and Distribution: Establish distribution channels and sales
strategies to reach the target market effectively.
• Launch Plan: Prepare for a full product launch, including logistics,
training for sales teams, and marketing campaigns.
8. Product Launch
• Official Launch: Release the product to the broader market, accompanied
by marketing and promotional activities.
• Monitoring: Track performance metrics, customer feedback, and sales
data to evaluate the success of the launch.
9. Post-Launch Review and Iteration
• Feedback Collection: Gather ongoing customer feedback to understand
user experience and satisfaction.
• Continuous Improvement: Use insights from customer feedback and
performance data to make improvements, address issues, and inform future
product iterations or updates.
10. Lifecycle Management
• Updates and Enhancements: Regularly assess the product for potential
upgrades, feature enhancements, or new versions.
• End-of-Life Strategy: Plan for the product’s eventual decline, including
phasing out production and transitioning customers to new offerings.

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