ADDITIONAL MATHS

CHAPTER 11

SERIES

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1 (a) Expand (2 - x) 5, simplifying each coefficient. [3]

e (2 - x) # e 80x
5

= e -x .
5
(b) Hence solve [4]
10x 4 +32
e

4037/21/M/J/20/Q.8
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2 (a) The first 5 terms of a sequence are given below.

4 -2 1 - 0.5 0.25

(i) Find the 20th term of the sequence. [2]

(ii) Explain why the sum to infinity exists for this sequence and find the value of this sum. [2]

4037/22/M/J/20/Q.10
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2 (b) The tenth term of an arithmetic progression is 15 times the second term. The sum of the first
6 terms of the progression is 87.

(i) Find the common difference of the progression. [4]

(ii) For this progression, the nth term is 6990. Find the value of n. [3]

4037/22/M/J/20/Q.10
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3 A geometric progression has a first term of 3 and a second term of 2.4. For this progression, find

(a) the sum of the first 8 terms, [3]

(b) the sum to infinity, [1]

(c) the least number of terms for which the sum is greater than 95% of the sum to infinity. [4]

4037/22/O/N/20/Q.7
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4 (a) The sum of the first 4 terms of an arithmetic progression is 38 and the sum of the next 4 terms is
86.
6. Find the first term and the common ference. [5]

4037/23/O/N/20/Q.10
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4 (b) The third term of a geometric progression is 12 and the sixth term is -96. Find the sum of the first
10 terms of this progression. [6]

4037/23/O/N/20/Q.10
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5 The 2nd, 8th and 44th terms of an arithmetic progression form the first three terms of a geometric
progression. In the arithmetic progression, the first term is 1 and the common difference is positive.

(a) (i) Show that the common difference of the arithmetic progression is 5. [5]

(ii) Find the sum of the first 20 terms of the arithmetic progression. [2]

4037/21/M/J/21/Q.11

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5 (b) (i) Find the 5th term of the geometric progression. [2]

(ii) Explain whether or not the sum to infinity of this geometric progression exists. [1]

4037/21/M/J/21/Q.11

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6 Using the binomial theorem, expand (1 + e 2x) 4 , simplifying each term. [2]

4037/22/M/J/21/Q.1
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7 (a) The first term of an arithmetic progression is –5 and the fifth term is 7. Find the sum of the first
40 terms of this progression. [4]

(b) A geometric progression has third term of 8 and sixth term of 0.064. Find the sum to infinity of
this progression. [4]

4037/24/M/J/21/Q.12

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8 (a) Expand (2 - 3x) 4 , evaluating all of the coefficients. [4]

(b) The sum of the first three terms in ascending powers of x in the expansion of (2 - 3x) 4 b1 + l
a
x
32
is + b + cx, where a, b and c are integers. Find the values of each of a, b and c. [4]
x

4037/22/O/N/21/Q..2
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9 (a) The first three terms of an arithmetic progression are x, 5x - 4 and 8x + 2 . Find x and the common
difference. [4]

4037/22/O/N/21/Q.10
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9 (b) The first three terms of a geometric progression are y, 5y - 4 and 8y + 2 .

(i) Find the two possible values of y. [4]

(ii) For each of these values of y, find the corresponding value of the common ratio. [2]

4037/22/O/N/21/Q.10
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10 An arithmetic progression has first term a and common difference d. The third term is 13 and the tenth
term is 41.

(a) Find the value of a and of d. [4]

(b) Find the number of terms required to give a sum of 2555. [4]

4037/23/O/N/21/Q.9
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(c) Given that S n is the sum to n terms, show that S2k - Sk = 3k (1 + 2k) . [4]

4037/23/O/N/21/Q.9
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91
11 (a) (i) Write down, in ascending powers of x, the first three terms in the expansion of (1 + 4x) n .
Simplify each term. [2]

(ii) In the expansion of (1 + 4x) n (1 - 4x) the coefficient of x 2 is 6032. Given that n 2 0, find
the value of n. [3]

10
x 8
(b) Find the term independent of x in the expansion of e - 4 o . [2]
2 x

4037/21/M/J/22/Q.5
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12 (a) A geometric progression has first term a and common ratio r, where r 2 0. The second term of
this progression is 8. The sum of the third and fourth terms is 160.

(i) Show that r satisfies the equation r 2 + r - 20 = 0. [4]

(ii) Find the value of a. [3]

4037/22/M/J/22/Q.10

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12 (b) An arithmetic progression has first term p and common difference 2. The qth term of this
progression is 14.
A different arithmetic progression has first term p and common difference 4. The sum of the first
q terms of this progression is 168.

Find the values of p and q. [6]

4037/22/M/J/22/Q.10

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13 (a) A geometric progression has third term 4.5 and sixth term 15.1875. Find the first term and the
common ratio. [4]

4037/22/O/N/22/Q.10

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13 (b) Find the sum of ten terms of the progression, starting with the sixteenth term. Give your answer to
the nearest integer. [4]

4037/22/O/N/22/Q.10

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14 The first four terms in ascending powers of x in the expansion (3 + ax) 4 can be written as
3
81 + bx + cx 2 + x 3 . Find the values of the constants a, b and c. [6]
2

4037/23/O/N/22/Q.6

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15 (a) The third term of an arithmetic progression is 10 and the sum of the first 8 terms is 116. Find the
first term and common difference. [5]

4037/23/O/N/22/Q.10

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(b) Find the sum of nineteen terms of the progression, starting with the twelfth term. [4]

4037/23/O/N/22/Q.10

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 9
16 In the expansion of eax +
b
x2
o , where a and b are constants with a 2 0, the term independent of x is

-145 152 and the coefficient of x 6 is - 6912. Show that a 2 b =-12 and find the value of a and the
value of b. [7]

4037/21/M/J/23/Q.10
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 (a) (i) Find the first three terms in the expansion of b1 + l , in ascending powers of x. Simplify the
x5
17 7
coefficient of each term. [2]

(ii) The expansion of 7 (1 + x) n b1 + l , where n is a positive integer, is written in ascending

x5
7
powers of x. The first two terms in the expansion are 7 + 89x. Find the value of n. [2]

4037/22/M/J/23/Q.6
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17 (b) In the expansion of (k - 2x) 8 , where k is a constant, the coefficient of x 4 divided by the coefficient
5
of x 2 is . The coefficient of x is positive. Form an equation and hence find the value of k. [5]
8

4037/22/M/J/23/Q.6
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18 (a) An arithmetic progression has twelve terms. The sum of the first three terms is -36 and the sum of
the last three terms is 72. Find the first term and the common difference. [5]

4037/22/O/N/23/Q.9
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18 (b) The first three terms of a geometric progression are 1, 1.2 and 1.44. Find the smallest value of n
such that the sum of the first n terms is greater than 500. [5]

4037/22/O/N/23/Q.9
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19 (a) In an arithmetic progression the 5th term is 11. The 7th term is three times the 2nd term.
Find the 1st term and the common difference. [4]

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19 (b) A different arithmetic progression (AP) and a geometric progression (GP) have the following
properties.

• The 1st terms of the AP and GP are both 3.

• The 2nd term of the AP is the same as the 3rd term of the GP.
• The 6th term of the AP is the same as the 5th term of the GP.
• The common ratio of the GP is greater than 1.

Find the common difference of the AP and the common ratio of the GP. [6]

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20 (a) An arithmetic progression has a second term of -14 and a sum to 21 terms of 84. Find the first
term and the 21st term of this progression. [5]

4037/11/M/J/20/Q.9
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20 (b) A geometric progression has a second term of 27p 2 and a fifth term of p 5 . The common ratio, r, is
such that 0 1 r 1 1.

(i) Find r in terms of p. [2]

(ii) Hence find, in terms of p, the sum to infinity of the progression. [3]

(iii) Given that the sum to infinity is 81, find the value of p. [2]

4037/11/M/J/20/Q.9
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21 (a) Find the first 3 terms in the expansion of b4 - l in ascending powers of x. Give each term in
x 6
16
its simplest form. [3]

x 6b
(b) Hence find the term independent of x in the expansion of b4 - l x - 1l .
2
[3]
16 x

4037/12/M/J/20/Q.3

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22 The 7th and 10th terms of an arithmetic progression are 158 and 149 respectively.

(a) Find the common difference and the first term of the progression. [3]

(b) Find the least number of terms of the progression for their sum to be negative. [3]

4037/12/O/N/20/Q.4
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23 Find the coefficient of x 2 in the expansion of bx - lbx + l .
3 2 5
[5]
x x

4037/12/O/N/20/Q.5

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24 Given that the coefficient of x 2 in the expansion of (1 + x) b1 - l
xn
2
is
25
4
, find the value of the
positive integer n. [5]

4037/13/O/N/20/Q.5
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25 The first 3 terms in the expansion of `a + xj b1 - l , in ascending powers of x, can be written in the
3 x5
3
form 27 + bx + cx 2 , where a, b and c are integers. Find the values of a, b and c. [8]

4037/11/M/J/21/Q.4
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26 (a) The first three terms of an arithmetic progression are -4, 8, 20. Find the smallest number of terms
for which the sum of this arithmetic progression is greater than 2000. [4]

4037/12/M/J/21/Q.9

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26 (b) The 7th and 9th terms of a geometric progression are 27 and 243 respectively. Given that the
geometric progression has a positive common ratio, find

(i) this common ratio, [2]

(ii) the 30th term, giving your answer as a power of 3. [2]

r r
(c) Explain why the geometric progression 1, sin i , sin 2 i , … for - 1i1 , where i is in
2 2
radians, has a sum to infinity. [2]

4037/12/M/J/21/Q.9

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27 (a) Find the first 3 terms in the expansion, in ascending powers of x, of (a - 3x) 10 , where a is a
constant. [3]

(b) Given that a is positive and that the three terms found in part (a) can also be written as
405 2
p + qx + x , find the value of each of the constants a, p and q. [3]
256

4037/14/M/J/21/Q.3

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 8
28 (a) Find the first three terms, in ascending powers of x , in the expansion of e - x 2o . Write your
2 1 2
2 3
coefficients as rational numbers. [3]

8
(b) Find the coefficient of x 2 in the expansion of e - x 2o b2x + l .
2
1 2 1
[3]
2 3 x

4037/13/O/N/21/Q.4

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29 A geometric progression is such that its sum to 4 terms is 17 times its sum to 2 terms. It is given that the
common ratio of this geometric progression is positive and not equal to 1.

(a) Find the common ratio of this geometric progression. [3]

(b) Given that the 6th term of the geometric progression is 64, find the first term. [2]

(c) Explain why this geometric progression does not have a sum to infinity. [1]

4037/13/O/N/21/Q.5
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30 (a) The first three terms of an arithmetic progression are lg 3, 3 lg 3, 5 lg 3. Given that the sum to n
terms of this progression can be written as 256 lg 81, find the value of n. [5]

4037/11/M/J/22/Q.7
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30 (b) DO NOT USE A CALCULATOR IN THIS PART OF THE QUESTION.

The first three terms of a geometric progression are ln 256, ln 16, ln 4. Find the sum to infinity
of this progression, giving your answer in the form p ln 2. [4]

4037/11/M/J/22/Q.7
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31 The first three terms, in ascending powers of x, in the expansion of b1 + l (2 - 3x) 3 can be written
x 12
6
in the form 8 + px + qx 2 , where p and q are constants. Find the values of p and q. [8]

4037/12/M/J/22/Q.5
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32 The first three terms of an arithmetic progression are lg x, lg x 5 , lg x 9 , where x 2 0.

(a) Show that the sum to n terms of this arithmetic progression can be written as n (pn - 1) lg x ,
where p is an integer. [4]

(b) Hence find the value of n for which the sum to n terms is equal to 4950 lg x. [2]

(c) Given that this sum to n terms is also equal to -14850, find the exact value of x. [2]

4037/12/O/N/22/Q.10

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33 The first three terms, in descending powers of x, of the expansion of bax + l b1 - l , can be written
25 b
2

5 x
5 4 3
as 32x - 160x + cx , where a, b and c are constants. Find the exact values of a, b and c. [9]

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34 1
A geometric progression is such that the fifteenth term is equal to of the twelfth term. The sum to
8
infinity is 5.

(a) Find the first term and the common ratio. [4]

(b) Find the least number of terms needed for the sum of the geometric progression to be greater than
4.999. [3]

4037/13/O/N/22/Q.5

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35 (a) The first three terms of an arithmetic progression are lnq, lnq 4 and lnq 7 , where q is a positive
constant. The sum to n terms of this progression is 4845 ln q. Find the value of n. [3]

(b) The first three terms of a geometric progression are p 3x, p x and p -x , where p is a positive
integer. Find the nth term of this progression giving your answer in the form p (a + bn) x . [3]

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35 4
(c) The first three terms of a different geometric progression are
3
16
cos 2 3i, cos 4 3i and
9
64
27
cos 6 3i,
r
for 0 1 i 1 . Find the set of values of i for which this progression has a sum to infinity. [5]
3

4037/11/M/J/23/Q.9
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36 (a) The first three terms of an arithmetic progression are (2x + 1) , 4 (2x + 1) and 7 (2x + 1) , where
1
x !- .
2
n
(i) Show that the sum to n terms can be written in the form (2x + 1) (An + B) , where A and B
2
are integers to be found. [2]

(ii) Given that the sum to n terms is (54n + 37) (2x + 1) , find the value of n. [2]

(iii) Given also that the sum to n terms in part (ii) is equal to 1017.5, find the value of x. [2]

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36 (b) The first three terms of a geometric progression are (2y + 1) , 3 (2y + 1) 2 and 9 (2y + 1) 3 , where
1
y !- .
2
Given that the nth term of the progression is equal to 4 times the (n + 2) th term, find the possible
values of y, giving your answers as fractions. [4]

(c) The first three terms of a different geometric progression are sin i , 2 sin 3 i and 4 sin 5 i , for
r
0 1 i 1 . Find the values of i for which the progression has a sum to infinity. [3]
2

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37 (a) It is given that the first four terms, in ascending powers of x, in the expansion of b1 - l can be
xn
2
written in the form 1 - 8x + px 2 + qx 3 , where n, p and q are integers. Find the values of n, p and q.
[5]

6
2 x
(b) Find the term independent of x in the expansion of e + o , giving your answer as a rational
x2 3
number. [2]

4037/12/O/N/23/Q.4
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 n
38 The first three terms, in descending powers of x, in the expansion of e2x 2 - o can be written in the
1
4x
form 256x 16 + ax 13 + bx c , where n, a, b and c are integers. Find the values of n, a, b and c. [6]

4037/13/O/N/23/Q.8

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 ANSWERS
1(a) 32 – 80x + 80x2 – 40x3 + 10x4 – x5 B3 for any four or five terms correct
or
B1 for any three terms correct or M1
for a fully correct but unsimplified
expansion

1(b) Combines powers sufficiently to be M1

able to take logs or applies correct log
laws

For making use of their expansion M1

from part (a)

40x2 (2 – x) [= 0] oe M1 their (a) if possible

x = 0, x = 2 cao A1

2(a)(i) 4 × ( −0.5)19 M1

1 A1
or −7.63 ×10 or
−6
−
131072
−7.62939...×10−6
rot to four or more figs

2(a)(ii) Valid explanation e.g. B1

the common ratio is between −1 and 1

4 8 B1
=
1 − (−0.5) 3

2(b)(i) a + 9d = 15(a + d ) B1

6 B1
{2 a + 5d } = 87
2

Solves their equations for d e.g. M1

 3 
2  − d  + 5d = 29
 7 

d=7 A1

2(b)(ii) a = −3 soi B1

6990 = their(−3) + (n −1)(their7) M1

n = 1000 A1

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3 (a) 2.4 B1
a=3 r= = 0.8
3

3(1 − 0.88 ) M1 Inserts their and into

S8 =
(1 − 0.8)

= 12.48 awrt or 12.5 A1

3(b) 3 B1
S∞ = = 15
(1 − 0.8)

3(c) Sn = 15(1 – 0.8n) > 0.95 × 15 M1 their correctly produced Sn > 0.95S∞

0.8n < 0.05 A1 oe

log 0.05 M1 D takes logs correctly of their

n< or n < log 0.8 0.05 expression with power of n.
log 0.8

n = 14 A1 nfww

4(a) use S4 or S8 M1

4 A1 accept unsimplified
S4 = [ 2a + 3d ] = 38 ( 2a + 3d = 19 )
2

8 A1 accept unsimplified
S8 = [ 2a + 7 d ] = 38 + 86 ( 2a + 7d = 31)
2
or
8 4
S8 – S4 = [ 2a + 7 d ] − [ 2a + 3d ] = 86
2 2
( 4a + 22d = 86 )
solve correct equations for a or d M1

a = 5 and d = 3 A1

4(b) ar 2 = 12 soi B1

ar 5 = −96 soi B1

solve correct equations for a or r M1

r = −2 and a = 3 A1

insert their a and r into S10 M1


S = (
3 1 − ( −2)
10
)  )
 10 1 − ( −2) 
 
 

–1023 A1

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 5(a)(i) 1 + d, 1 + 7d, 1 + 43d soi B1

M2 their ratios of terms provided in

[ r = ] their 1 + 7 d = their 1 + 43d terms of a and d
1+ d 1 + 7d
1 + 7d
M1 FT for either [ r = ]
1+ d
1 + 43d
or [ r ] =
1 + 7d

Simplifies to A1
6d 2 – 30d = 0 oe nfww

Verifies that d = 5 by substitution or A1

factorises and solves to obtain d = 5 only

5(a)(i) Alte B1

1 + d, 1 + 7d, 1 + 43d soi

 7a − 6 
2
43a − 42 M2 7a − 6 43a − 42
  = oe M1 for or for oe
 a  a a a

6a 2 – 42a + 36 = 0 oe A1

Finds a = 6 and uses it to show that d = 5 A1

only

5(a)(ii) 20 M1
S 20 = {2[1] + (20 − 1)(5)}
2

970 A1

5(b)(i) 7776 nfww B2 B1 for 6 × 65–1

5(b)(ii) Valid explanation e.g. The sum to infinity B1

does not exist for this GP as the common
ratio is greater than 1.

6 1 + 4e 2 x + 6e 4 x + 4e 6 x + e8 x B2 mark final answer for B2

B1 for any 3 correct simplified terms in a sum

or all 5 simplified terms listed but not summed
or for a correct, simplified expansion that is
not their final answer

or

M1 for a correct unsimplified expansion e.g.

4 × 3 2x 2 4 × 3× 2 2x 3
1 + 4e2 x + (e ) + (e ) + (e 2 x ) 4
2 6

If 0 scored, SC1 for a complete, correct,

simplified expansion as final answer found by
multiplying out the brackets
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 7(a) −5 + 4d = 7 soi M1

d=3 A1

40 M1
{2(−5) + (40 −1) × their d } oe
2

2140 A1

7(b) Correct method for finding a or r M1

ar 5 0.064
e.g. 2 = oe
ar 8

r = 0.2 oe, nfww A1

a = 200 nfww A1

 200  B1 their a and r, providing |their r| < 1

 S∞ = 1 − 0.2 =  250

8(a) 16 − 96x + 216 x 2 − 216 x 3 + 81x 4 B4 Mark final answer for B4

B3 for any 4 correct simplified
terms in a sum
or for all 5 simplified terms listed
but not summed
or for a correct simplified
expansion that is not their final
answer
or
B2 for any 3 correct simplified
terms in a sum
or for 4 correct simplified terms
listed but not summed
or
B1 for any 2 correct simplified
terms in a sum
or for 3 correct simplified terms
listed but not summed
or
M1 for correct unsimplified
expansion
2
24 + 4 × 23 ( −3x ) + 6 × 22 ( −3x )
3 4
+4 × 2 ( −3x ) + ( −3x )

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 8(b)  a B1
( )
their 16 − 96x + 216x 2 ….. × 1 + 
 x
FT Expansion using their (a)
a
= 16 − 96x +16 − 96a + 216ax … soi
x

a=2 B1 a
FT their 16
x

b = −176 B1

c = 336 B1

9(a) Eliminate one unknown using two correct equations M2 for one correct equation seen,
e. e.
d = 4x – 4 oe d = 4x – 4 oe
d = 3x + 6 oe or d = 3x + 6 oe
and or 2d = 7x + 2 oe
solve as far as x = … or d =… May come from the sum of
terms, e.g. 11x – 3d = 2

x = 10 A1

d = 36 A1

9(b)(i) 5y − 4 8y + 2 M1
= oe
y 5y − 4

25 y 2 − 40 y +16 = 8 y 2 + 2 y M1

→ 17 y 2 − 42 y + 16 [ = 0 ]

(17 y − 8 )( y − 2 ) [ = 0] M1 Solves their 3-term quadratic

8 A1 Both values
,2
17

Alternative method

Eliminates y from yr = 5y – 4 and yr2 = 8y + 2 (M1)

and simplifies to 3-term quadratic in r
→ 2r 2 + r − 21[ = 0]

Solves their 3-term quadratic (M1)

Substitutes their two r values to find two y values (M1)

8 (A1)
,2
17

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9(b)(ii) 7 B2 for one correct
− ,3
2

10(a) Attempts to solve a + 2d = 13 and a + 9d = 41 oe M2 M for a + 2d = 13 and a + 9d = 41

soi

d = 4 and a = 5 A2 A for d = 4 or a = 5

10(b) n M1 F their a and their d

{2(5) + (n −1)4} soi
2

2n 2 + 3n − 2555 [*0 ] A1 where * could be = or any

inequality sign

Solves their 3-term quadratic of the form M1

ax 2 + bx + c [*0] by factorising or formula
or
their 3-term quadratic of the form
ax 2 + bx * c or better if completing the square

35 A1

10(c) May work consistently in n throughout but must conclude in k to earn the final mark

2k B1 F their a and their d

S2k = {10 + (2k − 1)4} soi
2

2k k M1 F their a and their d ;

{10 + (2k − 1)4} − {10 + (k − 1)4} soi condone at most one error
2 2

Simplifies as far as e.g. A1

8k 2 + 6k – (3k + 2k 2)
or 8k 2 + 6k – 3k – 2k 2

Correct completion to given answer: A1

6k 2 + 3k = 3k (1 + 2k)

Alternative method

2k (B1)
{2a + (2k −1)d } and a = their 5 and d = their 4
2
substituted at some point

d 3 (M1) condone at most one error

ak − k + dk 2 oe
2 2

4 3 (A1)
5k − k + × 4 × k 2
2 2

Correct completion to given answer: (A1)

6k 2 + 3k = 3k (1 + 2k)

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 11(a)(i) 1 + 4nx + 8n(n – 1)x2 B2 for any two correct terms
or all 3 correct but listed not
summed

11(a)(ii) 8n(n – 1) – 16n M1 from (i) identifying

correct terms and combining
their coefficient of x2 – 4 
their coefficient of x

Solves or factorises their 3-term quadratic in n only M1 Forms a 3-term quadratic = 0

and solves except allow ‘= a
constant’ if they go on to
complete to square

n = 29 only A1

11(b) 8
x  8 
2 M1 Must be clearly identified not
10
C2       4  soi in expansion
2  x 

45 A1
11.25 or
4

12(a)(i) ar = 8 and ar2 + ar3 = 160 soi B2 B for each

Correct unsimplified quadratic equation in r M1

e.g.
 8  8 2 8 3
 a  r and so  r  r  r  r  160 oe
 

Correct simplification to r 2  r  20  0 A1

12(a)(ii) Factorises or solves:

(r + 5)(r – 4) = 0 M1

r=4 A1

a=2 A1

Alternative method

5a 2  2a 16  0 oe (B1)

Factorises or solves their 3-term quadratic in (M1)

a

a=2 (A1)

62 of 77
12(b) p + 2(q – 1) = 14 oe B1

q B1
2 p  4(q 1)  168 oe
2

Eliminates p or q M1 condone one error in rearrangement of

q either equation before substituting
e.g. 2(14  2(q  1))  4(q  1)  168
2
OR
simplifies Sq : q  p  2(q 1)  168 and
writes q(14)  168

Correctly solves their equation for their p or M1 d on previous M1

their q

q = 12 and p = 8 A2 A1 for q = 12 or p = 8

13(a) ar 2 = 4.5 and ar 5 = 15.1875 soi B1

Correctly eliminates one unknown using M1

correct equations
 4.5 
e.g  2  r 5 = 15.1875
r 
4.5 5 15.1875
or = oe, soi
a a

r = 1.5, a = 2 A2 A1 for either

13(b) 2(1 − 1.515 ) 2(1−1.525 ) B2 M1 FT their a and r

S15 = and S25 = oe 2(1−1.515 )
1 − 1.5 1 − 1.5 for S15 =
1 − 1.5
2(1−1.525 )
or S25 = oe
1 − 1.5

Correct plan: S25 – S15 oe attempted M1 FT their a and r

99 253 A1

63 of 77
 14 81+108ax + 54a 2 x2 +12a3 x3 soi M3 M2 for any 3 correct terms or 2 correct
equations
3 or M1 for any 2 correct terms, 1
or 12a 3 = b = 108a c = 54a 2 soi correct equation or for correct but
2 insufficiently simplified expansion e.g.
43 2
34 + 4  33  ax +  3  (ax)2
2
4  3
+  3 (ax)3
3 2

1 A1
a = oe
2

b = 54 A1 FT 108  their a, providing at least

M1 awarded

27 A1 FT 54  (their a)2, providing at least

c= oe
2 M1 awarded

15(a) a + ( 3 −1) d = 10 soi B1

8
2a + (8 − 1) d  = 116 soi
B1
2

Correct method to eliminate one unknown M1 dep on at least B1 awarded

and attempt to solve to find a or d

a = 4 and d = 3 A2 A1 for either

15(b) 30 B2 M1 FT their a and their d for

S30 =
2
2 ( 4) + 29 (3) 30
S30 = 2 ( their 4 ) + 29 ( their 3)
11 2
and S11 = 2 ( 4 ) +10 ( 3)
2 11
or S11 = 2 ( their 4 ) + 10 ( their 3)
2

Correct plan S30 − S11 attempted M1 FT their a and their d

1216 A1

15(b) Alternative 1

first term = 4 + 11×3 or 37 (M1) FT their a + 11×their d

and an attempt at S19

19 (B2) M1 FT for their first term and their d

2
2 ( 37 ) + (19 − 1)  3 oe 19
in 2 ( their 37 ) + (19 − 1)  their 3
19 2
or 37 + 91 oe or for their first term and their last
2
19
term in their 37 + their 91
2

1216 (A1)

64 of 77
 15(b) Alternative 2

Correct sum of terms: (M3) M2 FT their a and their d for sum

37 + 40 + 43 + 46 + 49 + 52 + 55 + 58 + 61 starting with their 37 and ending with
+ 6 + 67 + 70 + 73 + 76 + 79 + 82 + 85 + their 91, with at most one omission or
88 + 91 error
or M1 FT their a and their d for sum
starting with their 37 or ending with
their 91, with at most two omissions or
errors

1216 (A1)

16 [Term independent of x:] B1

9
C3  a 6  b3 or 84 a6  b3

145152 M1 de on B1
a 6b3 
84

A1
 a b
3
2
 1728 leading to a 2b  12
or a 2b  3 1728  12

9
C1  a8  b or 9  a8  b B1

Correctly solves correct equations M1 Must be solving correct equations

simultaneously
9  a8  b  6912
and
a 2b  12
as far as a 6 =… or b3 =…..

a = 2, b = 3 and no other values nfww B2 B for each nfww

dep on previous B1B1

17(a)(i) 5 10 B2 for any two correct terms or for the

1  x  x2 three terms listed but not summed
7 49

17(a)(ii) 12 B2  5
B1 for 7n + 5 = 89 or 7  n    89 oe
 7
or
n
C1  12

65 of 77
 17(b) 8
C4  k 4  (2) 4 [x 4 ] oe or 1120k4 [x4] soi B1

8
C2  k 6  ( 2) 2 [x 2 ] oe or 112k6 [x2] soi B1

1120k 4 5 7016  k 4 5 M1 providing at least B1 awarded and

 or  oe, soi correct terms attempted
112k 6 8 28 4  k 6 8

k 2 = 16 soi A1

[For coefficient of x to be positive k < 0, A1

therefore] k =  4

18(a) Correct pair of simplified linear equations B3 B2 for one correct simplified equation
in a and d with terms collected, e.g., or
B1 for
3a + 3d = −36 isw or a + d = –12 isw a + a + d + a + 2d = −36
3a + 30d = 72 isw or a + 10d = 24 isw 3
or 2a + (3 −1)d  = −36
2
or a + 9d + a + 10d + a + 11d = 72
12 9
or 2a + (12 − 1)d  − 2a + (9 −1)d  = 72
2 2
or 12a + 66d –9a –36d = 72
3
or 2(a + 9d) + (3 −1)d  = 72
2

Solves two linear equations for d or a e.g. M1 FT their linear equations in a and d
27d = 108 → d = … providing at least B1 earned and the
or 9d = 36 → d = … equations have a solution
or a + 10(–12 – a) = 24 → a = …
27a = –432 → a = …

d = 4 and a = −16 nfww A1

18(b) 1.2n *101 B3 where * is any inequality sign or =;

[1](1.2n −1)
B2 for *500
(1.2−1)
or B1 for r = 1.2 soi

nlog1.2*log101 or log1.2 101 soi M1 FT 1.2n * their 101 providing B2 has been
awarded and (their 101) > 0

n = 26 A1 dep on all previous marks awarded

19(a) a + 4d =11 oe B1

a + 6d = 3(a + d) oe B1

Correctly eliminates one unknown and solves for a or d M1 FT their linear equations in a and d
providing B1 earned.

d = 2, a = 3 A1

66 of 77
19(b) 3 + d = 3r 2 B1

3 + 5d = 3r 4 B1

2
 3+ d  M1
3 + 5d = 3  oe
 3 
( )
or 3 + 5 3r 2 − 3 = 3r 4 oe

d 2 − 9d = 0 or 3r 4 − 15r 2 + 12= 0 A1

d = 9 and r = 2 and no other values A2 A1 for d = 9 and no other value of d

or for r = 2 and no other value of r

20(a) Second term: a + d = −14 B1

Sum: 4 = a +10d B1

d =2 B1

a = −16 B1

Last term = 24 B1 Ft on their d and their a

20(b)(i) ar = 27 p 2 B1 For both equations

ar 4 = p 5

p B1
r=
3

20(b)(ii) a = 81 p M1 M1 for attempt to find a in terms of p

A1

81 p 243 p B1 Follow through on their a and their r

S = or
1−
p 3− p
3

20(b)(iii) 81 p 243 p M1 For attempt to solve using their answer

81 = or 81 = to (ii) as far as p = …
p 3− p
1−
3

3 A1
p=
4

67 of 77
 21(a) 4096 – 384x + 15x2 B1 For 4096

B1 For −384x

B1 For 15x 2

21(b)  1 B1  1 
2
(4096 – 384x + 15x2)  x − 2 +  For  x 2 − 2 + 2 
 x2   x 

Term independent of x : M1 For use of 2 appropriate terms

−2 ( 4096 ) + 15

–8177 A1

22(a) a + 6d = 158 B1 For both equations, may be implied

a + 9d = 149 by a correct a and d

d = −3, B1

a = 176 B1

22(b) n M1 For correct attempt at sum formula

2
( 352 + ( n − 1)( −3) ) ( < 0) with their a and their d,

355 A1
or 118.3 oe
3

119 A1

23 x 5 + 10 x 3 + 40x + ... 3  2
5
M1 for attempt to expand  x +  ,
 x
with at least 2 correct terms
A1 for 10x 3
A1 for 40x

Term in x 2 : (1 × 40 ) − ( 3 ×10 ) M1 For (1 × their 40 ) ± ( 3 × their 10 )

10 A1

68 of 77
 24  x  n ( n −1)  x 2   2  n  x 
(1 + x ) 1 + n  − +   ...  B1 For   − 
  2 2  4   1   2 
 n   x2 
B1 For    
 2  4 

1  n  2 1  n  2 25 2 M1 Correctly using two terms in n to

 x −  x = x
obtain an x 2 term and equating to
4 2 2 1  4
25 2
x
4
Dep on one B1

n ( n − 1) n 25 A1
− = oe
8 2 4

n = 10 only A1

25 ( a + x)
3
= a3 + 3a 2 x + 3ax 2  +x3  B1

 x
5
5 10 2 2 M allow one sign error or one
1 −  = 1 − x + x ... arithmetic slip
 3 3 9

a 3 = 27, a = 3 B1

5 M1 For multiplying their terms, must have

Term in x: 3a 2 − a3 = b sum of 2 relevant products = b
3

b = −18 A1

5 10 M1 For multiplying their terms, must have

Term in x 2 : 3a −
3
( )
3a 2 + a3 = c
9 sum of 3 relevant products = c

c = −6 A1

26(a) d = 12 B1

n M1 For use of sum formula to obtain a three

2
( −8 + ( n −1)12) > 2000 term quadratic inequality or equation
3n 2 − 5n −1000 > 0

5 ± 25 + 12000 M1 D for attempt at critical value(s) using

n= their quadratic, may be using a
6
n = 19.1 calculator, so may be implied by a
correct answer of 20.

n = 20 A1

69 of 77
26(b)(i) r =3 2 M1 For ar 6 = 27 and ar 8 = 243 with
an attempt to eliminate a to obtain r 2 .
Allow other valid methods.

26(b)(ii) 326 2 1
B1 for a = or 3−3
27
nfww

26(c) Common ratio or r = sin θ B1 1

May be implied by e.g. or
1 − sin θ
1 − sin n θ
1 − sin θ

−1 < sin θ < 1 or sin θ < 1 or B1 De on previous B1

−1 < r < 1 or r < 1
with no incorrect statements seen.

27(a) a10 − 30a 9 x + 405a 8 x 2 3 B for each term, must be simplified.

27(b) 405 M1 405

405a8 = For the coefficient of their term in x 2 = .
256 256

1 A1
a=
2

1 A1 Need both.
p=
1024
30 15 For p, allow for 0.000977 or better.
q=− or = −
512 256 For q, allow for −0.0586 or better.

28(a) 1 x2 7 x4 3 1
− + B1 for
256 24 36 256
x2
B1 for −
24
7 x4
B1 for
36

70 of 77
28(b) 1 B1
4x2 + 4 + soi
x2

Coefficient of x 2 M1 Allow one sign error, but must have

 1  3 terms in x 2 only, with an attempt at
 their4 × their  addition.
 256 
 1 
+  their4 × their − 
 24 
 7 
+  their 
 36 

25 A1
576

29(a)
(
a r4 −1 ) = 17 a ( r 2
−1 ) M1 Allow equivalents
Allow if ‘a’ terms missing (assume to have
r −1 r −1 been cancelled)

(r 2
)( ) (
− 1 r 2 + 1 = 17 r 2 −1 or better ) M1 De M1 for a correct simplified equation
in r only
r 4 − 17 r 2 + 16 = 0 oe
r 3 + r 2 − 16r − 16 = 0 oe

r = 4 only, from correct working A1

29(b) ar 5 = 64 M1 For use of a r 5 with their positive r

1 A1 Must be exact
a = 0.0625 or
16 A0 if r=4not from correct working in (a)

29(c) Because r >1 oe B1 FT on their r >1

Must have a value for r

30(a) Common difference = 2 lg 3 B1 Must be exact

n M1 For use of the sum formula

(2 lg 3 + (n – 1)2 lg 3) = 256 lg 81
2
n
or (lg 9 + (n – 1)lg 9) = 512lg 9
2

lg 81 = 4 lg 3 soi B1 Allow when working with decimal

or lg 81 = 2 lg 9 soi

n2 = 1024 oe M1 Dep on first M mark, for attempt to

simplify the sum equation by dividing
through by lg 3 oe to obtain an equation
in n only

n = 32 cao A1 Must have exact working through out

71 of 77
30(b) ln 256 = 4 ln 4, ln 16 = 2 ln 4 oe M1 For use of power rule to obtain the
common ratio

Common ratio = 0.5 A1

4ln 4 M1 Allow ln 256 for first term and their r

S  oe provided it is positive and < 1
1  their r

16 ln 2 A1

31  x
12
11x 2 2 B2 for 3 correct terms
1    1  2 x  B1 for 2 correct terms
 6 6

 2  3x 
3
 8  36 x  54 x 2 ... 2 B2 for 3 correct terms
B1 for 2 correct terms

Term in x: 36x  16x M1 A correct method using their terms

or coefficients, must be considering
2 terms

p  20 soi A1

88 2 M1 A correct method using their terms

Term in x 2 : x  54 x 2  72 x or coefficients, must be considering
6
3 terms

10 A1
q soi
3

32(a) Common difference = 4lg x B1

M1 For use of the sum formula with their

Sum to n terms =
n
2
( 2lg x + ( n − 1)( 4lg x )) common difference

n ( 2n −1) lg x 2 Dep M1 for a correct attempt to

rearrange to the required form
A1 cao

32(b) n ( 2n − 1) = 4950 M1 For n ( ( their p ) n − 1) = 4950 together

with an attempt to solve to obtain n

50 A1 cao

32(c) 50 ( 99 ) lg x = −14850 M1 For use of their n and p in a complete

method to find x or use of part (b)

10 −3 or equivalent A1

72 of 77
12 8 3 B1 for each correct term, allow when
a5 x5 + 2a 4 x 4 + a3 x3 first seen
5

2b b 2 B1
1− +
x x2

a=2 B1

32 − 64b = −160 M1 For using their expansions and their

value for a to obtain two terms
involving x 4

b=3 A1

64 M1 For using their expansions and their

− 192 + 288 = c value for a to obtain three terms
5
involving x 3

544 A1
c= oe
5

Alternative

a5 ( = 32) (B1)

a=2 (B1)

−2ba5 + 2a 4 = −160 soi (2) B1 for 2a 4 soi

32 − 64b = −160 M1 For using their expansions and
their value for a to obtain two terms
involving x 4

b=3 (A1)

8 3 (3) 8 3
a − 4a 4b + a5b2 = c B2 for both a and a 5b 2
5 5
64 8
− 192 + 288 = c B1 for either a 3 or a 5b 2 if only one
5 5
correct
M1 for using their expansions and their
value for a to obtain three terms
involving x 3

544 (A1)
c= oe
5

73 of 77
34(a) 1 M1 1
r3 = soi Allow unsimplified ar14 = ar11
8 8
11 12
5r − 5r
or 14 = 8 oe
5r − 5r15

1 A1
r=
2

a M1 For use of sum to infinity with their

5= r, must be –1 < r < 1
1− r

5 A1
a=
2

34(b)
their ( a ) 
(1 − (their r ) )
n M1 For use of the sum to n terms

(1 − their r )

(their r )n = 0.0002 M1 M1 dep For simplification and

attempt to obtain the critical value
(12.29) using either an equation or an
inequality leading to n = or n >

13 A1 Accept n ⩾ 13

35(a) n = 57 cso 3 n
B1 for (2 ln q + 3(n – 1)ln q) oe soi
2
Allow if in indices form i.e.:
n
(ln q2 + (n – 1)ln q3)
2
B1 for 3n2 – n – 9690 = 0 oe soi

35(b) Common ratio = p–2x B1 Allow unsimplified

nth term = p3x(p–2x)n–1 soi B1 Allow unsimplified

p(5–2n)x B1

74 of 77
 35(c) 4 B1 Allow unsimplified. Must be convinced
Common ratio = cos 2 3 it is the common ratio not just writing
3
the first term e.g. r = or seeing
16
cos 4 3
9
4
cos 2 3
3

4 B1
cos 2 3 (*) 1 or
3
4
cos 2 3 (*) 1 or oe soi
3
4
cos 2 3 (*) 0
3

3 B1
cos3 (*) or
2
3
cos3 (*)  or soi
2
cos3 (*) 0

5π π B1 5π π
3 (*) and 3 (*) soi Seeing or implied the first
6 6 18 18
3 marks

  B1
<⩽
18 18

36(a)(i) n 2 n
2
 2 x  1  3n 1 B1 for
2
 2  2 x  1  3 n  1 2 x 1  or
n
2
 2  2 x  1   6 x  3 n  1  oe
36(a)(ii) n M1 For equating their answer to (a) to
 2 x  1 3n 1   54n  37  2 x  1  54n  37   2 x  1 and attempt to solve a
2
3n 2  109n  74  0 3-term quadratic equation in n to obtain
n = ...

37 only A1

36(a)(iii) 1017.5   54  their n   37   2x  1 M1 For attempt to solve to obtain a value for x.

n must be a positive integer

1 A1
x
4

75 of 77
91
36(b) B1 Award when a correct statement is first
 2 y  1  3  2 y  1 
n 1

seen
4  2 y  1  3  2 y 1 
n 1

Or  3  2 y  1   4  3  2 y  1 
n 1 n 1

Or  2 y  1 r n 1  4  2 y  1 r n 1
Or ar n 1  4ar n 1

1 M1 Eithe M1 for an equation of the form

Either  2 y  1 
2
oe 2 2
36  2 y  1 k or  6 y  3  m
1 where k and m are numerical and not zero
or  6 y  3 
2
oe
4 (may be expanded) with no terms in n
1 Or M1 for r 2  p , where p is numerical
or r 2  oe
4 and not zero

1 1 A1
2y 1   or 6 y  3  
6 2

5 7 A1 For both
 ,  and no others
12 12

36(c) 1  2sin 2   1 oe soi B1 Allow 2sin 2   1

or 0  2sin 2   1 soi May be implied by  
π
4

π B1
 or   0.785
4

π B1
0  
4
Or 0    0.785 or better

37(a) n =16 B1

n ( n − 1)  2
x n  x
2 2 M1 for attempt at third term allow
+  ( − )  , C 2 ( − )  oe unsimplified in terms of n or their n, but
2!  2  2
not just as part of an expansion unless
n ( n −1) used to find p
= p, p = 30
8 A1 for p.

n ( n − 1)( n − 2 )  3
x n  x
3 2 M1 for attempt at fourth term, allow
+  ( − )  , C3 ( − )  unsimplified in terms of n or their n, but
3!  2  2
not just as part of an expansion unless
n ( n − 1)( n − 2 ) used to find q
= q, q = −70
48 A1 for q.

37(b) 2
 2   x
4 B1 For identifying the correct term and
6
C4  2    attempting to evaluate.
 x  3

20 B1
27
76 of 77
38 ( 2x )2 = 256x16 soi n = 8 B1

8 2 7  1  2 M1 for attempt at 2nd term with

( )
  2x   −  = ax oe
 
13
their n to find a, need to see one
 
1 4 x
step to evaluate.
leading to a = −256 Allow a sign error in simplifying
1
but not missing in −
4x

8 
2 2 M1 for attempt at 3rd term with
2 6 1 
( )
  2x  −  = bx
 
c
their n to find b, need to see one
 
2 4 x
step to evaluate.
leading to b = 112 Allow a sign error but not missing
2
 1 
in  − 
 4x 

c =10 B1 Can be seen by observation.

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