Download the full version of the ebook at

https://ebookgate.com

Engineering Circuit Analysis 10th Edition

Hayt

https://ebookgate.com/product/engineering-circuit-
analysis-10th-edition-hayt/

Explore and download more ebook at https://ebookgate.com

 Recommended digital products (PDF, EPUB, MOBI) that
you can download immediately if you are interested.

Introductory Circuit Analysis 10th Ed 10th Edition Robert

L. Boylestad

https://ebookgate.com/product/introductory-circuit-analysis-10th-
ed-10th-edition-robert-l-boylestad/

ebookgate.com

Engineering Economic Analysis Solutions 10th Edition

Donald G. Newnan

https://ebookgate.com/product/engineering-economic-analysis-
solutions-10th-edition-donald-g-newnan/

ebookgate.com

Electronic Circuit Analysis Second Edition Kishore

https://ebookgate.com/product/electronic-circuit-analysis-second-
edition-kishore/

ebookgate.com

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Ed Instructor s

Resource Manual 10th Edition Robert L. Boylestad

https://ebookgate.com/product/electronic-devices-and-circuit-
theory-10th-ed-instructor-s-resource-manual-10th-edition-robert-l-
boylestad/
ebookgate.com
Electronic Circuit Analysis 2nd ed Edition K Lal Kishore

https://ebookgate.com/product/electronic-circuit-analysis-2nd-ed-
edition-k-lal-kishore/

ebookgate.com

Circuit Analysis Theory Practice Second Edition Allan H.

Robbins

https://ebookgate.com/product/circuit-analysis-theory-practice-second-
edition-allan-h-robbins/

ebookgate.com

Advanced Engineering Mathematics 10th edition Erwin

Kreyszig

https://ebookgate.com/product/advanced-engineering-mathematics-10th-
edition-erwin-kreyszig/

ebookgate.com

A Brief Introduction to Circuit Analysis 1st Edition J.

David Irwin

https://ebookgate.com/product/a-brief-introduction-to-circuit-
analysis-1st-edition-j-david-irwin/

ebookgate.com

Circuit Analysis I with MATLAB Computing and Simulink

SimPowerSystems Modeling 1st Edition Steven Karris

https://ebookgate.com/product/circuit-analysis-i-with-matlab-
computing-and-simulink-simpowersystems-modeling-1st-edition-steven-
karris/
ebookgate.com
 Tenth Edition

Engineering
Circuit Analysis

William H. Hayt, Jr. Jack E. Kemmerly

Jamie D. Phillips Steven M. Durbin
ENGINEERING
CIRCUIT
ANALYSIS
ENGINEERING
CIRCUIT
ANALYSIS
TENTH EDITION

William H. Hayt, Jr.

Purdue University

Jack E. Kemmerly
California State University, Fullerton

Jamie D. Phillips
University of Delaware

Steven M. Durbin
Western Michigan University
ENGINEERING CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10019. Copyright ©2024 by
McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may
be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without
the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic
storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the
United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LWI 28 27 26 25 24 23

ISBN 978-1-266-26249-4
MHID 1-266-26249-0

Cover Image: Timofeev Vladimir/Shutterstock

All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does
not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw Hill LLC, and McGraw Hill LLC does not guarantee the
accuracy of the information presented at these sites.

mheducation.com /highered
 To Sean and Kristi
The best part of every day.
 ABOUT THE AUTHORS
•

WILLIAM H. HAYT, JR., received his B.S. and M.S. at Purdue University
and his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois. After spending four years in
industry, Professor Hayt joined the faculty of Purdue University, where he
served as Professor and Head of the School of Electrical Engineering, and
as Professor Emeritus after retiring in 1986. Besides Engineering Circuit
Analysis, Professor Hayt authored three other texts, including Engineering
Electromagnetics, now in its eighth edition with McGraw Hill. Professor
Hayt’s professional society memberships included Eta Kappa Nu, Tau
Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, Sigma Delta Chi, Fellow of IEEE, ASEE, and NAEB.
While at Purdue, he received numerous teaching awards, including the
university’s Best Teacher Award. He is also listed in Purdue’s Book of
Great Teachers, a permanent wall display in the Purdue Memorial Union,
dedicated on April 23, 1999. The book bears the names of the inaugural
group of 225 faculty members, past and present, who have devoted their
lives to excellence in teaching and scholarship. They were chosen by their
students and their peers as Purdue’s finest educators.
JACK E. KEMMERLY received his B.S. magna cum laude from The Catholic
University of America, M.S. from University of Denver, and Ph.D. from
Purdue University. Professor Kemmerly first taught at Purdue University
and later worked as principal engineer at the Aeronutronic Division of Ford
Motor Company. He then joined California State University, Fullerton,
where he served as Professor, Chairman of the Faculty of Electrical Engi-
neering, Chairman of the Engineering Division, and Professor Emeritus.
Professor Kemmerly’s professional society memberships included Eta
Kappa Nu, Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, ASEE, and IEEE (Senior Member).
His pursuits outside of academe included being an officer in the Little
League and a scoutmaster in the Boy Scouts.
JAMIE PHILLIPS received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical
Engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. He was
a postdoctoral researcher at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque,
New Mexico, and a research scientist at the Rockwell Science Center in
Thousand Oaks, California, before returning to the University of Michigan
as a faculty member in the EECS Department in 2002. At the University of
Michigan, Prof. Phillips taught and developed numerous courses in circuits
and semiconductor devices spanning from first-year undergraduate courses
to advanced graduate courses. There he received several teaching honors
including the University Undergraduate Teaching Award and an Arthur F.
Thurnau Professorship recognizing faculty for outstanding contributions to
undergraduate education. In 2020, he joined the University of Delaware as
a Professor and Chair of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Depart-
ment. His research interests are on semiconductor optoelectronic devices with
particular emphasis on infrared detectors and photovoltaics and engineering
education. His professional memberships include IEEE (Senior Member), Eta
Kappa Nu, Optica, Materials Research Society, Tau Beta Pi, and ASEE.

vii
viii ABOUT THE AUTHORS

STEVEN M. DURBIN received the B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Elec-
trical Engineering from Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. Sub-
sequently, he was with the Department of Electrical Engineering at
Florida State University and Florida A&M University before joining the
University of Canterbury, New Zealand, in 2000. In 2010, he moved to the
University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, where he held
a joint tenured appointment between the Departments of Electrical Engi-
neering and Physics. Since 2013, he has been with the Department of
Electrical and Computer Engineering at Western Michigan University,
where he is Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and has
served in a variety of administrative roles. His teaching interests include
circuits, electronics, electromagnetics, solid-state electronics and nano-
technology. His research interests are primarily concerned with the devel-
opment of novel electronic materials—in particular those based on oxide
and nitride compounds—as well as studying disorder in both naturally
occurring and synthetic systems as a route to physical understanding and
engineering of properties. He is a founding principal investigator of the
MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, a New
Zealand National Centre of Research Excellence, and coauthor of over 100
technical publications, including several patents and patents pending. He
is a senior member of the IEEE, and a member of Eta Kappa Nu, Tau
Beta Pi, the Materials Research Society, the AVS (formerly the American
Vacuum Society), the Society of Amateur Radio Astronomers, the American
Physical Society, and the Royal Society of New Zealand. In his spare time,
he enjoys building acoustic and electric guitars, and solid-top ukuleles.
 BRIEF CONTENTS
•

PREFACE xv

1 ● INTRODUCTION 1

2 ● BASIC COMPONENTS AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS 9

3 ● VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LAWS 43

4 ● BASIC NODAL AND MESH ANALYSIS 85

5 ● HANDY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 133

6 ● THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER 185

7 ● CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS 223

8 ● BASIC RC AND RL CIRCUITS 267

9 ● THE RLC CIRCUIT 319

10 ● SINUSOIDAL STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS 375

11 ● AC CIRCUIT POWER ANALYSIS 425

12 ● POLYPHASE CIRCUITS 465

13 ● MAGNETICALLY COUPLED CIRCUITS 503

14 ● CIRCUIT ANALYSIS IN THE s-DOMAIN 541

15 ● FREQUENCY RESPONSE 611

16 ● TWO-PORT NETWORKS 683

17 ● FOURIER CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 729

18 ● STATE-VARIABLE ANALYSIS (ONLINE)

Appendix 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK TOPOLOGY 787

Appendix 2 SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS 799

Appendix 3 A PROOF OF THÉVENIN’S THEOREM 807

Appendix 4 AN LTspice® TUTORIAL 809

Appendix 5 COMPLEX NUMBERS 813

Appendix 6 A BRIEF MATLAB® TUTORIAL 823

Appendix 7 ADDITIONAL LAPLACE TRANSFORM THEOREMS 829

Appendix 8 THE COMPLEX FREQUENCY PLANE 835

INDEX 843

ADDITIONAL CONTENT 860

ix
 CONTENTS
•
PREFACE xv

CHAPTER 1 4.5 Nodal vs. Mesh Analysis: A Comparison 109

INTRODUCTION 1 4.6 Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis 111
1.1 Overview of Text 2 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 114
1.2 Relationship of Circuit Analysis to Engineering 4 READING FURTHER 117
1.3 Analysis and Design 5 EXERCISES 117
1.4 Computer-Aided Analysis 6
1.5 Successful Problem-Solving Strategies 7 CHAPTER 5
READING FURTHER 8 HANDY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 133
EXERCISES 8 5.1 Linearity and Superposition 133
5.2 Source Transformations 144
CHAPTER 2 5.3 Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 152
BASIC COMPONENTS AND ELECTRIC 5.4 Maximum Power Transfer 163
CIRCUITS 9 5.5 Delta-Wye Conversion 166
2.1 Units and Scales 9 5.6 Selecting an Approach: A Summary of Various
2.2 Charge, Current, Voltage, Power, and Energy 11 Techniques 168
2.3 Voltage and Current Sources 19 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 169
2.4 Ohm’s Law 24 READING FURTHER 170
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 31 EXERCISES 171
READING FURTHER 32
EXERCISES 33 CHAPTER 6
THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER 185
CHAPTER 3
6.1 Background 185
VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LAWS 43
6.2 The Ideal Op Amp 186
3.1 Nodes, Paths, Loops, and Branches 43
6.3 Cascaded Stages 194
3.2 Kirchhoff’s Current Law 44
6.4 Practical Considerations 197
3.3 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 46
6.5 Comparators and the Instrumentation Amplifier 205
3.4 The Single-Loop Circuit 50
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 211
3.5 The Single-Node-Pair Circuit 53
READING FURTHER 212
3.6 Series and Parallel Connected Sources 56
EXERCISES 213
3.7 Resistors in Series and Parallel 59
3.8 Voltage and Current Division 66
CHAPTER 7
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 70
CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS 223
READING FURTHER 71
EXERCISES 71 7.1 The Capacitor 223
7.2 The Inductor 231
CHAPTER 4 7.3 Inductance and Capacitance Combinations 241
BASIC NODAL AND MESH ANALYSIS 85 7.4 Linearity and its Consequences 244
4.1 Nodal Analysis 86 7.5 Simple Op Amp Circuits with Capacitors 246
4.2 The Supernode 95 7.6 Duality 248
4.3 Mesh Analysis 99 7.7 Computer Modeling of Circuits with Capacitors and
Inductors 251
4.4 The Supermesh 106

xi
xii CONTENTS

SUMMARY AND REVIEW 254 CHAPTER 11

READING FURTHER 255 AC CIRCUIT POWER ANALYSIS 425
EXERCISES 255 11.1 Instantaneous Power 426
11.2 Average Power 428
CHAPTER 8
11.3 Maximum Power Transfer 435
BASIC RC AND RL CIRCUITS 267 11.4 Effective Values of Current and Voltage 440
8.1 The Source-Free RC Circuit 267 11.5 Apparent Power and Power Factor 445
8.2 Properties of the Exponential Response 271 11.6 Complex Power 448
8.3 The Source-Free RL Circuit 275 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 454
8.4 A More General Perspective 279 READING FURTHER 455
8.5 The Unit-Step Function 284 EXERCISES 456
8.6 Driven RC Circuits 288
8.7 Driven RL Circuits 294 CHAPTER 12
8.8 Predicting the Response of Sequentially Switched POLYPHASE CIRCUITS 465
Circuits 297
12.1 Polyphase Systems 466
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 305
12.2 Single-Phase Three-Wire Systems 468
READING FURTHER 306
12.3 Three-Phase Y–Y Connection 472
EXERCISES 307
12.4 The Delta (Δ) Connection 478
CHAPTER 9 12.5 Power Measurement in Three-Phase Systems 484
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 495
THE RLC CIRCUIT 319
READING FURTHER 497
9.1 The Source-Free Parallel Circuit 319
EXERCISES 497
9.2 The Overdamped Parallel RLC Circuit 325
9.3 Critical Damping 333
CHAPTER 13
9.4 The Underdamped Parallel RLC Circuit 337
9.5 The Source-Free Series RLC Circuit 345
MAGNETICALLY COUPLED CIRCUITS 503
9.6 The Complete Response of the RLC Circuit 351 13.1 Mutual Inductance 503
9.7 The Lossless LC Circuit 359 13.2 Energy Considerations 511
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 363 13.3 The Linear Transformer 515
READING FURTHER 364 13.4 The Ideal Transformer 522
EXERCISES 364 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 531
READING FURTHER 532
CHAPTER 10 EXERCISES 532
SINUSOIDAL STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS 375
10.1 Characteristics of Sinusoids 375
CHAPTER 14
10.2 Forced Response to Sinusoidal Functions 378 CIRCUIT ANALYSIS IN THE s-DOMAIN 541
10.3 The Complex Forcing Function 382 14.1 Complex Frequency 541
10.4 The Phasor 387 14.2 Definition of the Laplace Transform 545
10.5 Impedance and Admittance 393 14.3 Laplace Transforms of Simple Time Functions 548
10.6 Nodal and Mesh Analysis 398 14.4 Inverse Transform Techniques 550
10.7 Superposition, Source Transformations, and Thévenin’s 14.5 Basic Theorems for the Laplace Transform 557
Theorem 401 14.6 The Initial-Value and Final-Value Theorems 564
10.8 Phasor Diagrams 410 14.7 Z(s) and Y(s) 567
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 413 14.8 Nodal and Mesh Analysis in the s-Domain 573
READING FURTHER 414 14.9 Additional Circuit Analysis Techniques 580
EXERCISES 414 14.10 Poles, Zeros, and Transfer Functions 583
 CONTENTS xiii

14.11 Convolution 585 17.9 The System Function and Response in the Frequency
14.12 A Technique for Synthesizing the Voltage Domain 766
Ratio H(s) = Vout/Vin 595 17.10 The Physical Significance of the System Function 774
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 599 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 778
READING FURTHER 601 READING FURTHER 780
EXERCISES 602 EXERCISES 780

CHAPTER 15 CHAPTER 18 (ONLINE)

FREQUENCY RESPONSE 611 STATE-VARIABLE ANALYSIS
15.1 Transfer Function 611 18.1 State Variables and Normal-Form Equations
15.2 Bode Diagrams 614 18.2 Writing a Set of Normal-Form Equations
15.3 Parallel Resonance 629 18.3 The Use of Matrix Notation
15.4 Bandwidth and High-Q Circuits 636 18.4 Solution of the First-Order Equation
15.5 Series Resonance 642 18.5 The Solution of the Matrix Equation
15.6 Other Resonant Forms 645 18.6 A Further Look at the State-Transition Matrix
15.7 Scaling 653 SUMMARY AND REVIEW
15.8 Basic Filter Design 656 EXERCISES
15.9 Advanced Filter Design 666
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 671
APPENDIX 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK
READING FURTHER 672
TOPOLOGY 787
EXERCISES 672

CHAPTER 16 APPENDIX 2 SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS

TWO-PORT NETWORKS 683 EQUATIONS 799

16.1 One-Port Networks 683

16.2 Admittance Parameters 688 APPENDIX 3 A PROOF OF THÉVENIN’S
16.3 Some Equivalent Networks 695 THEOREM 807
16.4 Impedance Parameters 704
16.5 Hybrid Parameters 709
APPENDIX 4 AN LTspice® TUTORIAL 809
16.6 Transmission Parameters 712
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 716
READING FURTHER 717 APPENDIX 5 COMPLEX NUMBERS 813
EXERCISES 718

APPENDIX 6 A BRIEF MATLAB® TUTORIAL 823

CHAPTER 17
FOURIER CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 729
17.1 Trigonometric Form of the Fourier Series 730 APPENDIX 7 ADDITIONAL LAPLACE TRANSFORM
THEOREMS 829
17.2 The Use of Symmetry 739
17.3 Complete Response to Periodic Forcing Functions 744
17.4 Complex Form of the Fourier Series 746 APPENDIX 8 THE COMPLEX FREQUENCY
17.5 Definition of the Fourier Transform 753 PLANE 835
17.6 Some Properties of the Fourier Transform 757
17.7 Fourier Transform Pairs for Some Simple Time
INDEX 843
Functions 760
17.8 The Fourier Transform of a General Periodic Time ADDITIONAL CONTENT 860
Function 765
 PREFACE
•

T
he target audience colors everything about a book, being a major
factor in decisions big and small, particularly both the pace and the
overall writing style. Consequently, it is important to note that the
authors have made the conscious decision to write this book to the student,
and not to the instructor. Our underlying philosophy is that reading the
book should be enjoyable, despite the level of technical detail that it must
incorporate. When we look back to the very first edition of Engineering
Circuit Analysis, it’s clear that it was developed specifically to be more
of a conversation than a dry, dull discourse on a prescribed set of funda-
mental topics. To keep it conversational, we’ve had to work hard at updat-
ing the book so that it continues to speak to the increasingly diverse group
of students using it all over the world.
Although in many engineering programs the introductory circuits
course is preceded or accompanied by an introductory physics course
in which electricity and magnetism are introduced (typically from a
fields perspective), this is not required to use this book. After finishing
the course, many students find themselves truly amazed that such a
broad set of analytical tools have been derived from only three simple
scientific laws—Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws.
The first six chapters assume only a familiarity with algebra and simul-
taneous equations; subsequent chapters assume a first course in calculus
(derivatives and integrals) is being taken in tandem. Beyond that, we
have tried to incorporate sufficient details to allow the book to be read
on its own.
So, what key features have been designed into this book with the stu-
dent in mind? First, individual chapters are organized into relatively short
subsections, each having a single primary topic. The language has been
updated to remain informal and to flow smoothly. Color is used to high-
light important information as opposed to merely improve the aesthetics
of the page layout, and white space is provided for jotting down short
notes and questions. New terms are defined as they are introduced, and
examples are placed strategically to demonstrate not only basic concepts,
but problem-solving approaches as well. Practice problems relevant to the
examples are placed in proximity so that students can try out the tech-
niques for themselves before attempting the end-of-chapter exercises. The
exercises represent a broad range of difficulties, generally ordered from
simpler to more complex, and grouped according to the relevant section
of each chapter.
Engineering is an intensive subject to study, and students often find
themselves faced with deadlines and serious workloads. This does not
mean that textbooks have to be dry and pompous, however, or that
coursework should never contain any element of fun. In fact, successfully
solving a problem often is fun, and learning how to do that can be fun

xv
xvi PREFACE

as well. Determining how to best accomplish this within the context of

a textbook is an ongoing process. The authors have always relied on the
often very candid feedback received from our own students at Purdue
University; the California State University, Fullerton; Fort Lewis College
in Durango; the joint engineering program at Florida A&M University
and Florida State University; the University of Canterbury (New Zealand);
the University at Buffalo, and Western Michigan University. We also rely
on comments, corrections, and suggestions from instructors and students
worldwide.
The first edition of Engineering Circuit Analysis was written by Bill
Hayt and Jack Kemmerly, two engineering professors who very much
enjoyed teaching, interacting with their students, and training generations
of future engineers. It was well received due to its compact structure, “to
the point” informal writing style, and logical organization. There is no
timidity when it comes to presenting the theory underlying a specific
topic, or pulling punches when developing mathematical expressions.
Everything, however, was carefully designed to assist students in their
learning, present things in a straightforward fashion, and leave theory for
theory’s sake to other books. They clearly put a great deal of thought into
writing the book, and their enthusiasm for the subject comes across to the
reader.

KEY FEATURES OF THE TENTH EDITION

Great care has been taken to retain key features from the ninth edition
which were clearly working well. These include the general layout and
sequence of chapters, the basic style of both the text and line drawings,
the use of four-color printing where appropriate, numerous worked exam-
ples and related practice problems, and grouping of end-of-chapter exer-
cises according to section. Transformers continue to merit their own
chapter, and complex frequency is briefly introduced through a student-
friendly extension of the phasor technique, instead of indirectly by merely
stating the Laplace transform integral. We also have retained the use of
icons, an idea first introduced in the sixth edition:

Provides a heads-up to common mistakes and/or potential pitfalls;

Indicates a point that’s worth noting;

Denotes a design problem to which there is no unique answer;

Indicates a problem which requires computer-aided analysis.

Indicates an Example that reinforces the flow chart illustrating a typical

problem-solving methodology that is presented in Chapter 1.
 PREFACE xvii

Circuit analysis is a robust method for training engineering students to

think analytically, step-by-step, and returning to check their answers. A
flow chart illustrating a typical problem-solving methodology is presented
in Chapter 1; these steps are explicitly included in one example in each
of the subsequent chapters to reinforce the concept.
The introduction of engineering-oriented analysis and design software
in the book has been done with the mind-set that it should assist, not
replace, the learning process. Consequently, the computer icon denotes
problems that are typically phrased such that the software is used to verify
answers, and not simply provide them. Both MATLAB® and LTspice® are
used in this context.

SPECIFIC CHANGES FOR THE

TENTH EDITION INCLUDE:
⦁ New and revised end-of-chapter exercises
⦁ New figures and photos
⦁ Updated screen captures and text descriptions of computer-aided
analysis software, and continued use of LTspice as freeware software
that is available natively on both Windows and Mac OS platforms
⦁ Updated worked examples and practice problems
⦁ Updates to the Practical Application feature, introduced to help stu-
dents connect material in each chapter to broader concepts in engi-
neering. Topics include distortion in amplifiers, circuits to measure
an electrocardiogram, practical aspects of grounding, resistivity, and
the memristor, sometimes called “the missing element”
⦁ Streamlining of text, especially in the worked examples, to get to the
point faster

DIGITAL RESOURCES
Proctorio
Remote Proctoring & Browser-Locking Capabilities

Remote proctoring and browser-locking capabilities, hosted by Proctorio

within Connect, provide control of the assessment environment by enabling
security options and verifying the identity of the student.
Seamlessly integrated within Connect, these services allow instructors
to control the assessment experience by verifying identification, restricting
browser activity, and monitoring student actions.
Instant and detailed reporting gives instructors an at-a-glance view of
potential academic integrity concerns, thereby avoiding personal bias and
supporting evidence-based claims.
xviii PREFACE

ReadAnywhere®
Read or study when it’s convenient for you with McGraw Hill’s free
ReadAnywhere® app. Available for iOS or Android smartphones or tablets,
ReadAnywhere gives users access to McGraw Hill tools including the
eBook and SmartBook® 2.0 or Adaptive Learning Assignments in Connect.
Take notes, highlight, and complete assignments offline—all of your work
will sync when you open the app with Wi-Fi access. Log in with your
McGraw Hill Connect username and password to start learning—anytime,
anywhere!

OLC-Aligned Courses Implementing High-Quality

Instruction and Assessment through Preconfigured
Courseware
In consultation with the Online Learning Consortium (OLC) and our cer-
tified Faculty Consultants, McGraw Hill has created pre-configured
courseware using OLC’s quality scorecard to align with best practices in
online course delivery. This turnkey courseware contains a combination
of formative assessments, summative assessments, homework, and appli-
cation activities, and can easily be customized to meet an individual
instructor’s needs and desired course outcomes. For more information,
visit https://www.mheducation.com/highered/olc.

Tegrity: Lectures 24/7

Tegrity in Connect is a tool that makes class time available 24/7 by auto-
matically capturing every lecture. With a simple one-click start-and-stop
process, you capture all computer screens and corresponding audio in a
format that is easy to search, frame by frame. Students can replay any part
of any class with easy-to-use, browser-based viewing on a PC, Mac, or
mobile device.
Educators know that the more students can see, hear, and experience
class resources, the better they learn. In fact, studies prove it. Tegrity’s
unique search feature helps students efficiently find what they need, when
they need it, across an entire semester of class recordings. Help turn your
students’ study time into learning moments immediately supported by
your lecture. With Tegrity, you also increase intent listening and class
participation by easing students’ concerns about note-taking. Using Tegrity
in Connect will make it more likely you will see students’ faces, not the
tops of their heads.

Writing Assignment
Available within Connect and Connect Master, the Writing Assignment
tool delivers a learning experience to help students improve their written
communication skills and conceptual understanding. As an instructor, you
can assign, monitor, grade, and provide feedback on writing more effi-
ciently and effectively.
 PREFACE xix

Create
Your Book, Your Way
McGraw Hill’s Content Collections Powered by Create® is a self-service
website that enables instructors to create custom course materials—print
and eBooks—by drawing upon McGraw Hill’s comprehensive, cross-­
disciplinary content. Choose what you want from our high-quality textbooks,
articles, and cases. Combine it with your content quickly and easily, and
tap into other rights-secured, third-party content such as readings, cases,
and articles. Content can be arranged in a way that makes the most sense
for your course, and you can include the course name and information as
well. Choose the best format for your course: color print, black-and-white
print, or eBook. The eBook can be included in your Connect course and
is available on the free ReadAnywhere® app for smartphone or tablet
access as well. When you are finished customizing, you will receive a free
digital copy to review in just minutes! Visit McGraw Hill Create®—
www.mcgrawhillcreate.com—today and begin building!

Reflecting the Diverse World Around Us

McGraw Hill believes in unlocking the potential of every learner at every
stage of life. To accomplish that, we are dedicated to creating products
that reflect, and are accessible to, all the diverse, global customers we
serve. Within McGraw Hill, we foster a culture of belonging, and we work
with partners who share our commitment to equity, inclusion, and diver-
sity in all forms. In McGraw Hill Higher Education, this includes, but is
not limited to, the following:
⦁ Refreshing and implementing inclusive content guidelines around topics
including generalizations and stereotypes, gender, abilities/disabilities,
race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, diversity of names, and age.
⦁ Enhancing best practices in assessment creation to eliminate cultural,
cognitive, and affective bias.
⦁ Maintaining and continually updating a robust photo library of diverse
images that reflect our student populations.
⦁ Including more diverse voices in the development and review of our
content.
⦁ Strengthening art guidelines to improve accessibility by ensuring
meaningful text and images are distinguishable and perceivable by
users with limited color vision and moderately low vision.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I joined the book as a co-author in 1999, and sadly never had the oppor-
tunity to speak to either Bill or Jack about the revision process. I count
myself lucky to have taken a circuits course from Bill Hayt while I was
a student at Purdue. He was, without a doubt, a truly excellent instructor.
I am very grateful to the many people at McGraw Hill who assisted
with this project and helped make it a reality, especially Heather Ervolino,
Product Developer extraordinaire, and an amazing person to work with.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful
comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.
Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or
archaic usage, have been retained.
Pg 110: ‘went ove third’ replaced by ‘went over third’.
Pg 170: ‘hardly synonomous’ replaced by ‘hardly synonymous’.
Pg 183: ‘quick mption’ replaced by ‘quick consumption’.
Pg 202: ‘English langguage’ replaced by ‘English language’.
Pg 205: ‘a litle fly’ replaced by ‘a little fly’.
Pg 222: ‘Budd McCann fancied’ replaced by ‘Bud McCann fancied’.
Pg 235: ‘like a lan’ replaced by ‘like a lamb’.
Pg 243: ‘As ult, large’ replaced by ‘As a result, large’.
Pg 315: ‘Gramp was earnest’ replaced by ‘Gamp was earnest’.
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FRANK
MERRIWELL'S SUPPORT; OR, A TRIPLE PLAY ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions

will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

copyright law means that no one owns a United States
copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy
and distribute it in the United States without permission and
without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the
General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and
distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the
PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if
you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the
trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the
Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is
very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such
as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and
printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in
the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright
law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially
commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

T H E F U L L P R OJ E C T G U T E N B E R G L I C E N S E
 PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the

free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this
work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase
“Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of
the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or
online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and

Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand,
agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual
property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree
to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease
using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for
obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™
electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms
of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only

be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by
people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.
There are a few things that you can do with most Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the
full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There
are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™
electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and
help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright
law in the United States and you are located in the United
States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying,
distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works
based on the work as long as all references to Project
Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will
support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free
access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™
works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for
keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the
work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement
by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full
Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge
with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside
the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to
the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying,
displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works
based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The
Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright
status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project

Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project
Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed,
viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United

States and most other parts of the world at no cost and
with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it,
give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project
Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United
States, you will have to check the laws of the country
where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is

derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of
the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to
anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges.
If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of
paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use
of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth
in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is

posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and
distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder.
Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™
License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright
holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project

Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files
 containing a part of this work or any other work associated with
Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute

this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1
with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the
Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if
you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project
Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or
other format used in the official version posted on the official
Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must,
at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy,
a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy
upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or
other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project
Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™
works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or

providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive
from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
 payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who

notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt
that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project
Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project

Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different
terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain
permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™
trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3
below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend

considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on,
transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright
law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these
efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium
on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as,
but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data,
transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property
infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be
read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except

for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in
paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic
work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for
damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE
THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT
EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE
THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY
DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE
TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL,
PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE
NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you

discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of
receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you
paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you
received the work from. If you received the work on a physical
medium, you must return the medium with your written
explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the
defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu
of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.
If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund
in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set

forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’,
WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this
agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this
agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the
maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable
state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of
this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the

Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the
Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any
volunteers associated with the production, promotion and
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless
from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that
arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you
do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project
Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or
deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect
you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission

of Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new
computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of
volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

assistance they need are critical to reaching Project
Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™
collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In
2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was
created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project
Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your
efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the
Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project

Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-
profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the
laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status
by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or
federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions
to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax
deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and
your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500

West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact
links and up to date contact information can be found at the
Foundation’s website and official page at
www.gutenberg.org/contact
 Section 4. Information about Donations to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission
of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works
that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form
accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated
equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly
important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws

regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of
the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform
and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many
fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not
solicit donations in locations where we have not received written
confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine
the status of compliance for any particular state visit
www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states

where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know
of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from
donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot

make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations
received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp
our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current

donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a
number of other ways including checks, online payments and
credit card donations. To donate, please visit:
www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About

Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could
be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose
network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several

printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by
copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus,
we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any
particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,

including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new
eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear
about new eBooks.