Social Connect and Responsibility

MODULE 1
PLANTATION AND ADOPTION OF A TREE

1.1 INTRODUCTION:

Planting a tree is a simple yet effective way to contribute towards the environment. Trees are an
essential part of our ecosystem, providing us with oxygen, purifying the air, reducing pollution, and
enhancing the beauty of our surroundings. Planting a tree is an act of kindness that benefits both the
environment and the community.

1.2 PLANTATION OF A TREE:

The process of planting a tree is straight forward. Firstly, you need to choose the right location for
planting the tree. It should be a place that receives enough sunlight, has sufficient space, and has soil
suitable for growing trees. Next, dig a hole that is deep and wide enough to accommodate the roots
of the tree. Carefully place the tree in the hole, making sure that the roots are well-spread andcovered
with soil. Water the tree generously, and add some mulch around the base of the tree to retain
moisture.

1.3 CHOOSING THE RIGHT PLANT:

Before adopting a plant, it is essential to consider the environment in which you plan to keep it. Some
plants require bright sunlight, while others thrive better in low light conditions. Plants also have
varying degrees of watering and humidity requirements. It is crucial to select a plant that suitsyour
lifestyle and environment. If you are new to gardening, start with low maintenance plants suchas
succulents or snake plants. They do not require much watering and can withstand neglect to some
extent.

1.4 ABOUT GUAVA PLANT:

The guava tree is an evergreen tree that can grow up to a height of 3 to 10 meters. The scientific name

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 1

 Social Connect and Responsibility

of the guava tree is Psidium guajava. The tree has a shallow root. The trunk ofthe guava tree can be
up to 20 cm in diameter. It is usually covered by bark. The bark peels most ofthe time in very thin
flakes.

The leaves of the guava tree grow in pairs, but the direction of the two leaves is always in opposite
directions. The leaf length can be a maximum of 13 cm long. The flowers of the guava tree are
white. The most important part of the guava tree is the fruit. People have consumed guava for years,
fleshy fruit with seeds inside it. The flesh colour of the fruit has a few varieties like white, yellow,
red, etc. The taste is sour to sweet. Guava is enriched with lots of minerals and vitamins, which is
why the fruit is always one of the best dietary fruits

1.1 HOW TO GROW A GUAVA PLANT:

Guava trees can grow well in tropical regions where summer is too hot and the winter season is
quite cold. But with proper maintenance, the tree can grow well in various regions. Here is a
detailed way to plant a guava tree.

 Choose a good location where sunlight can come directly.

 Moist soil with a sound drainage system is mandatory.
 You can plant your guava tree at the end of March.
 Now, the most important thing is to choose a seed or a sapling. If you want to choose a seed for
planting, then it will take eight years to give fruit. Or else, you can choose a good sapling for
planting.
 Cut a deep hole for the sapling to make it sit. You must fill the area around the sapling by
putting in extra soil as per requirement.

1.2 MAINTENANCE TIPS:

 Direct sunlight is much needed for the guava tree.

 You can water the tree every two to three days when it is not fully grown.
 Make it clear that water logging must not be there. Otherwise, the root of the tree will be rotten.
 You can fertilize the soil every three months to add macro and micronutrients essential for good
health.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 2

 Social Connect and Responsibility

 In winter, you can cover the small tree to cover it from frost because it kills guava trees.

1.3 BENEFITS:

Guava is a good source of antioxidants and potassium. The fruit is used for various issues in human
bodies. Here are the benefits of guava fruits and leaves.

 Controls blood sugar level: Guava leaf juice or extract is extremely beneficial for controlling
blood sugar levels. It keeps thesugar level exactly at the right stage, which reduces blood sugar-
related health issues.

 Reduces PCOS problems: Guava is a good source of antioxidants. This property helps to reduce
various problems related to polycystic ovarian diseases in female bodies. Also, it helps to
minimize PCOS-related pain duringthe menstrual cycle.
 Improves digestive system: Guava is packed with fiber, which helps to keep the digestive system
in a good state. It maintainsthe best bowel movements.
 Reduces chances of cancer: In guava, a lot of antioxidants are present, which help reduce any
carcinogenic effects. Guava isknown for stopping breast cancer cells.
 Improves eyesight: Vitamin A present in guava helps to keep a good eyesight level. It prevents
cataracts

 GOOD FOR TOOTHACHE

Guava leaves help to reduce various tooth problems. For years, guava leaf extract has been used in
gum problems too. It prevents various pain-causing germs and bacteria in the tooth area.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 3

 Social Connect and Responsibility

Figure 1.1: On the day of plantation Figure 1.2:Thirty days after plantation

Figure 1.3:Forty five days after plantation

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 4

 Social Connect and Responsibility

Figure 1.4: Photo taken with the plant

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 5

 Social Connect and Responsibility

1.1 ADOPTION OF A TREE

Adopting a tree is another way of contributing to the environment. It involves taking responsibility
for the care and maintenance of a specific tree. Adopting a tree means you are committed to
providing the necessary care for the tree, including watering, pruning, and fertilizing it.

Adopting a tree involves several steps. Firstly, you need to identify a tree that needs care and
maintenance. This can be done by consulting with the local authorities or environmental
organizations. Once you have identified a tree, contact the relevant authorities to obtain permission
for adopting the tree. Next, you need to establish a plan for the care and maintenance of the tree.
This should include a watering and fertilizing schedule, as well as a plan for pruning and pest
control.

In conclusion, both planting and adopting a tree are excellent ways to contribute towards the
environment. By planting a tree, you are providing a home for wildlife, improving air quality, and
beautifying the surroundings. By adopting a tree, you are taking responsibility for the care and
maintenance of a specific tree, ensuring its longevity and continued contribution to the
environment.

Moreover, planting and adopting trees also have several benefits that extend beyond the
environment. Trees provide shade, which can help to reduce the effects of urban heat islands and
improve the comfort of people in the surrounding area. Trees also help to reduce noise pollution,
creating a more peaceful environment. Studies have shown that exposure to nature and green
spaces has a positive effect on mental health and can reduce stress and anxiety.

Furthermore, planting and adopting trees can also have a positive impact on the local community.
Trees help to create a sense of community, as they provide a focal point for community events and
gatherings. Trees also increase property values, making the surrounding area more desirable for

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 6

 Social Connect and Responsibility

residents and businesses.

In conclusion, planting and adopting trees are simple yet effective ways to contribute towards the
environment and the local community. By planting a tree, you are providing numerous benefits to
the environment, while adopting a tree ensures its longevity and continued contribution. Both
initiatives provide an opportunity for individuals to take an active role in environmental
conservation and make a positive impact on their surroundings.

WHERE TO ADOPT PLANTS:

There are various options available for adopting plants. Here are a few popular ones:

 Nurseries and Garden Centers: These are the best places to purchase indoor and outdoor
plants. The staff can guide you on the types of plants suitable for your environment and provide
tips for taking care of them.
 Online Plant Shops: Online shopping has become more prevalent in recent years, and many
plant shops now sell plants online.
 Plant Swaps: Plant swaps are events where gardeners exchange plants, cuttings, and seeds.
These events are an excellent way to get free plants and learn from experienced gardeners

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 7

 Social Connect and Responsibility

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 8

 Social Connect and Responsibility

MODULE 2
HERITAGE WALK AND CRAFTS CORNER

2.1 INTRODUCTION:

A heritage tour is a type of travel that focuses on exploring historical and cultural sites, landmarks,
and traditions of a particular region or country. It is a way to immerse oneself in the rich and diverse
heritage of a place, and to gain a deeper understanding of its people, customs, and traditions.
Heritage tours can include visits to ancient temples, museums, galleries, monuments, and other
historical sites. They may also involve attending cultural festivals, traditional performances, and
engaging with local communities to learn about their way of life and customs.
The purpose of a heritage tour is not only to gain knowledge and appreciation of the past but also to
connect with the present and to understand how the heritage of a place continues to influence its
contemporary culture and society. Heritage tours can be a meaningful and enriching experience for
travelers who are interested in history, art, architecture, anthropology, and cultural studies.

 Types of Heritage Tours: Heritage tours can be classified into various types, such as cultural
tours, historical tours, architectural tours, and religious tours. Cultural tours focus on the
customs, traditions, and way of life of a place, while historical tours delve into the past events,
people, and monuments of a place. Architectural tours explore the art, design, and construction
of historical buildings and structures, while religious tours take visitors to sacred sites, shrines,
and places of worship.
 Popular Destinations for Heritage Tours: Heritage tours are popular all around the world, with
many destinations offering a rich history and culture. Some of the most popular destinations for
heritage tours include Egypt, Greece, Italy, Peru, India, China, Japan, and manycountries in
Europe.
 Benefits of Heritage Tours: Heritage tours offer several benefits, including learning about
different cultures, enhancing knowledge of history and art, and gaining a deeper understanding
of the world. They can also be an opportunity to connect with locals and create meaningful
connections, as well as promote sustainable tourism by supporting local economies and
preserving cultural heritage.
 Tips for Planning a Heritage Tour: When planning a heritage tour, it is important to do

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 9

 Social Connect and Responsibility

research about the destination and its history and culture, and plan the itinerary accordingly. It
is also important to respect local customs and traditions and be mindful of cultural differences.
Additionally, hiring a local guide can enhance the experience by providing insider knowledge
and insights.

Overall, heritage tours offer a unique and enriching travel experience that can deepen one's
understanding and appreciation of different cultures and histories.

MYSORE PALACE(MYSORE)

2.1 ABOUT MYSORE PALACE:

Mysore Palace, also known as Amba Vilas Palace, is a historical palace and a royal residence
(house). It is located in Mysore, Karnataka, India. It used to be the official residence of
the Wadiyar dynasty and the seat of the Kingdom of Mysore. The palace is in the centre of
Mysore, and faces the Chamundi Hills eastward. Mysore is commonly described as the 'City of
the Palaces', and there are seven palaces including this one. However, the Mysore Palace refers
specifically to the one within the new fort.

The land on which the palace now stands was originally known as Mysore (literally, "citadel").
The first palace inside the Old Fort was built in the 14th century, which was set ablaze and
reconstructed multiple times. The Old Fort was built of wood and thus easily caught fire, while
the current fort was built of stone, bricks and wood. The current structure was constructed
between 1897 and 1912, after the Old Palace burnt down, the current structure is also known as
the New Fort. Mysore Palace is one of the most famous tourist attractions in India, after the Taj
Mahal, with more than six million annual visitors.

2.2 MYSORE PALACE

HISTORY:

The last palace, now known as the Old Palace or the Wooden Palace, burned to ashes during the
wedding of Jayalakshammani, the eldest daughter of Chamaraja Wodeyar in 1896.
Mharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV and his mother Maharani Kempananjammanni Devi commissioned
the British architect Henry Irwin to build a new palace.[2] E.W. Fritchley worked as a consulting

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 10

 Social Connect and Responsibility

Engineer. Meanwhile, the royal family stayed in the nearby Jaganmohan Palace. Construction was
overseen by an executive engineer in the Mysore Palace division. He conducted elaborate
architectural studies during his visits to Delhi, Madras, and Calcutta, and these were used to plan the
new palace. The construction cost was placed at Rs 41,47,913 (around $30 million adjusted to
inflation) and the palace was completed in 1912.

The palace was further expanded in around 1930 (including the addition of the present Public Durbar
Hall wing) during the reign of Maharaja Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar.

ARCHITECTURE:

Towers at SE corner

Designed by Henry Irwin, an English architect, the style is that of Indo-Saracenic architecture, with
elements from Islamic, Rajput, and Gothic architecture styles. It is a three-story, gray
granite,[7] structure, about 75 m (245 ft) long and about 48 m (156 ft) wide. There are square towers,
five stories tall, at each of the cardinal points, topped with pink domes. The tallest tower, 44 m
(145 ft) tall, is at the centre of the palace and is topped with a gold plated dome.

The façade has arches, canopies, and bay windows. There are seven arches and two smaller arches
that connect to the centralized arch of the façade. Above the central arch is a sculpture
of Gajalakshmi. The palace is surrounded by gardens. It has four entrances: The 'Jaya Maarthaanda'
(main entrance) to the East, 'Jayarama' to the North, 'Balarama' to the South, and 'Varaha' to the
West.

ATTRACTIONS:

The entrance fee to get into the palace grounds, is 100 rupees per adult, 50 rupees per child aged 7 to
12 years old, and free for children younger than 7 years old.

At the main entrance, there are bronze tigers, sculpted by British sculptor, Robert William Colton, on
either side of the walkways leading up to the palace. The Gombe Thotti, also known as The Dolls'
Pavilion, was a place to display and worship dolls during Dasara festivities. Ane Bagilu, also known
as Elephant Gate, is the main entrance to the palace's interior, symbolizing power and strength.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 11

 Social Connect and Responsibility

Figure 2.1: Group Visit to Mysore Palace

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 12

 Social Connect and Responsibility

RANGANATHASWAMY TEMPLE:

The Ranganathaswamy temple or Sri Ranganathaswamy temple in Srirangapatna, in

the Mandya district of Karnataka state, India, is dedicated to the Hindu god Ranganatha (a
manifestation of Vishnu). The temple is Classified one among the 108 Abhimana
Kshethram of Vaishnavate tradition. It is one of the five important pilgrimage sites of Sri
Vaishnavism along the river Kaveri for devotees of Ranganatha. These five sites are collectively
known as Pancharanga Kshetrams in South India. Since Srirangapatna is the first temple starting from
upstream, the deity is known as Adi Ranga (lit; "first Ranga").The town of Srirangapatna, which
derives its name from the temple, is located on an island in the river Kaveri.

HISTORY:

According to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the temple is one of considerable antiquity.
An inscription at the temple reveals it was constructed in 984 AD by a local chief called Tirumalaiah,
a vassal of the Western Ganga dynasty. Earlier mentions of the existence of the deity at Srirangapatna
have been made, this indicates that a temple was likely built atop an already existing shrine
of Raṅganāthaswāmi.[2][3] In the early 12th century, Hoysala King Vishnuvardhana (r.1108-1152)
granted the village of Srirangapatna to the Vaishnava saint Ramanujacharya as an agraharam (place
of learning). An inscription of the great Hoysala King Veera Ballala II (1210 AD) confirms that
additions and renovations were made to the temple at that time. [4] The tower over the entrance bears
features consistent with Vijayanagara architecture. According to historian George Michell,
contributions were also made by the Wodeyar kings of the Kingdom of Mysore. The temple is just
400 metres away from Tipu palace. The temple is protected by the Archaeological Survey of India as
a monument of national importance. According to historian K.V. Soundararajan, the Ranganatha
temples in South India built during the 9th and 10th centuries have a systematic arrangement of
subsidiary deities as seen in this temple along with the Appakkudathaan Perumal Temple at
Koviladi, Sowmya Narayana Perumal temple at Thirukoshtiyur, Veeraraghava Perumal
Temple at Thiruevvul and Rajagopalaswamy temple at Mannargudi.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 13

 Social Connect and Responsibility

LEGEND:

As per the Hindu legend, Gautama Maharishi had performed severe penance in this place in order to
view Maha Vishnu in reclining position . Lord Vishnu portrayed him self as Ranganathaswamy in this
place. Gautama Maharishi asked him to stay here for ever, so that devotees can pray this lord in the
upcoming ages.

TEMPLE PLAN:

The temple has an imposing tower over the entrance gate (gopura) and two large concentric rectangular
enclosures (prakara) around its perimeter. The entrance to the inner sanctum (garbhagriha) is through
multiple columned halls (mantapa).[6] A vestibule (sukhanasi), hall (navaranga or just mantapa) and a
front hall (mukhamantapa) are the other main structures in the temple. The roof of
the mukhamantapa is decorated with a "garland" ("hara") of miniature decorative towers (called
"kudu" and "sala" shikharas) whose niches contain stucco images of the god Vishnu.

In the sanctum, the image of Vishnu reclines on the coils of the snake Adisesha, under a canopy formed
by the snake's seven hoods, with his consort Lakshmi at his feet. Flanking Vishnu are other deities from
the Hindu pantheon; Sridevi, Bhudevi (goddess of earth) and Brahma (the creator). There are other
smaller shrines within the complex dedicated to Narasimha (an avatar of
Vishnu), Gopalakrishna, Srinivasa (manifestation of Vishnu), Hanuman, Garuda and the Alwar saints.

The Three sacred sites for Smartha -BaboorKamme & Sri Vaishnava Sects of South India, Both Adi
Shankara and Ramanujacharya has visited and glorified the deities in their Hymns. The following
temples are considered the five sacred sites of worship of the god Ranganatha and are together
called Pancharanga Kshetram (Pancha-"five", ranga-"Ranganatha", Kshetram-"sites").

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 14

 Social Connect and Responsibility

Figure 2.2: Group Visit to Ranganathswamy temple

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 15

 Social Connect and Responsibility

MUDDENAHALLI VILLAGE

2.3 ABOUT SIR. M. VISVESHWARIAH:

Sir M. Visvesvaraya, also known as M. Visveshwariah, was a renowned Indian civil engineer,
statesman, and scholar. He was born on September 15, 1861, in Muddenahalli village in Karnataka,
India, and passed away on April 14, 1962, in Bangalore, India.

Visvesvaraya graduated from the College of Engineering in Pune in 1883 and went on to study at
the University of Bombay, where he earned a degree in civil engineering in 1887. He then began
his career in the Indian Public Works Department, where he was involved in the design and
construction of several major projects, including the Krishnaraja Sagar Dam in Mysore and the
flood protection system for the city of Hyderabad.

In addition to his engineering work, Visvesvaraya was a great educator, and he played a significant
role in establishing the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore. He also served as the Diwan of
Mysore from 1912 to 1919 and was instrumental in the development of the state during his tenure.

Visvesvaraya was the recipient of numerous awards and honors, both in India and abroad. He was
knighted by the British government in 1915 and was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest
civilian award, in 1955. The Government of India has also established the "Sir M. Visvesvaraya
Memorial Award" in his honor, which is given to outstanding engineers in the country.

2.4 BIRTH PLACE OF SIR. M. VISVESHWARIAH:

Sir M. Visvesvaraya was born in the village of Muddenahalli, located in the Kolar district of the
Indian state of Karnataka. Muddenahalli is situated about 70 kilometers from Bangalore, the capital
city of Karnataka.

At the time of his birth in 1861, Muddenahalli was a small, rural village with a population of just a
few hundred people. Today, the village is a popular tourist destination, with visitors coming to see
the house where Sir M. Visvesvaraya was born and to learn more about his life and legacy.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 16

 Social Connect and Responsibility

In recent years, the government of Karnataka has taken steps to promote tourism in Muddenahalli
and to preserve the memory of Sir M. Visvesvaraya. The village now has several monuments and
memorials dedicated to him, including a statue and a museum that showcases his life and
achievements.

Visitors to Muddenahalli can also see the ancestral house of Sir M. Visvesvaraya, which has been
preserved as a heritage site. The house is a traditional South Indian home with a thatched roof and
mud walls. It has been maintained in its original form and serves as a reminder of the humble
beginnings of one of India's greatest engineers and statesmen.
In addition to the monuments and memorials, Muddenahalli also has a number of other attractions
for visitors, including a beautiful lake and several temples. The village is surrounded by rolling hills
and lush green fields, making it a peaceful and scenic place to visit.

Overall, Muddenahalli is an important place for anyone interested in the life and legacy of Sir
M. Visvesvaraya. It is a fitting tribute to a man who dedicated his life to the service of his country
and who played a crucial role in shaping the modern India that we know today.

Figure 2.3: Picture of Muddenahalli

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 17

 Social Connect and Responsibility

Figure 2.4: Visveshwariah Museum

Figure 2.5: Sir. M. Visveshwariah’s House

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 18

 Social Connect and Responsibility

2.5 SIR. M. V. SAMADHI:

Sir M. Visvesvaraya passed away on April 14, 1962, in Bangalore, India. He was 100 years old at
the time of his death. His passing was widely mourned by the people of India, and he was
remembered as one of the greatest engineers and statesmen in the country's history. His legacy
continues to inspire generations of Indians, particularly those in the fields of engineering,
education, and public service.

Figure 2.6: Sir. M. V. Samadhi

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 19

 Social Connect and Responsibility

2.6 CONCLUSION:

 Valuable Opportunity: Heritage tours can provide a valuable opportunity for individuals to
learn about and connect with their cultural heritage. Here are some of the key takeaways that
can be drawn from a heritage tour:
 Understanding the past: Heritage tours can help individuals gain a deeper understanding of
the history and traditions of their culture or community. By visiting important historical sites,
museums, and cultural institutions, participants can learn about the people, events, and ideas
that have shaped their heritage.
 Preserving cultural heritage: Heritage tours can also help promote the preservation of cultural
heritage. By visiting and supporting historical sites and institutions, individuals can contribute to
the ongoing effort to safeguard cultural treasures and traditions for future generations.
 Building connections: Heritage tours can bring people together and foster a sense of
community. By sharing experiences and insights with fellow participants, individuals can
develop deeper connections to their culture and to one another.
 Personal growth: Heritage tours can be a transformative experience, providing individuals with
new perspectives, insights, and knowledge. By stepping outside their comfort zones and
exploring new places and ideas, participants can gain a deeper understanding of themselves and
the world around them.

Overall, heritage tours can be a powerful tool for promoting cultural understanding, preserving
traditions, and fostering personal growth and connection.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 20

 Social Connect and Responsibility

MODULE 3
ORGANIC FARMING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT

A. ORGANIC FARMING

3.1 INTRODUCTION:

Organic husbandry can be defined as an agrarian process that uses natural diseases and pest control
acquired from beast or factory waste. Organic husbandry was initiated as an answer to the
environmental mourning caused using chemical fungicides and synthetic diseases. In other words,
organic husbandry is a new system of husbandry or husbandry that repairs, maintains, and improves
the ecological balance.

Figure 3.1: Methods of Organic Farming

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 21

 Social Connect and Responsibility

3.2 ADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC FARMING:

Provident in organic husbandry, no precious fertilizers, fungicides, or HYV seeds are needed for the
colony of crops. thus, there's no redundant expenditure. Good return on Investment With the
operation of cheaper and original inputs, a planter can make a good return on investment. High
demand There's a huge demand for organic products in India and across the globe, which generates
further income through imports. nutritive as compared to chemical and fertilizer-utilized products,
organic products are more nutritive, delicious, and good for health. Environment-friendly the
husbandry of organic products is free of chemicals and fertilizers, so it does not harm the terrain.

3.3 DISADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC FARMING:

The major issue of organic husbandry is the lack of shy structure and marketing of the product.
lower products the products attained through organic husbandry are less in the original times as
compared to that in chemical products. So, growers find it delicate to accommodate large-scale
products. Shorter shelf-life Organic products have further excrescencies and shorter shelf life than
those chemical products. Limited product Off-season crops are limited and have smaller options in
organic husbandry.

3.4 HOW TO OVERCOME THE DISADVANTAGES?

Having a good knowledge of crop time and providing sufficient organic fertilizers as per the
requirement and providing sufficient water and using organic pesticides like Neem leaves and
seeds to control insets can also increase yield and increases soil fertility and protects soil from
getting acidified.

3.4 OBSERVATION:

We believe the world’s biggest problem is hidden hunger. It impacts everything. Hidden hunger is
a habitual lack of vitamins, minerals, and micro-nutrients that only whole foods can deliver. It shows
up in EVERY country where the first precedence is to get food in bellies, and where we onlyeat mess

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 22

 Social Connect and Responsibility

after mess of reused, white grains and sludge. It causes kids to miss going to school. It keeps grown-
ups from work when they are chronically ill. And it orphans too numerous children.
The conditions caused by retired hunger bring us too much to treat — if we've access to healthcare
at all. And the burden of complaints from Hidden Hunger limits global sweat to end extreme
poverty. Because nutrition is an introductory need and only when it is met can people thrive.

3.5 HOW TO PREPARE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS USING ANIMAL AND

PLANT WASTE?

We had seen how to increase the crop yield using the waste produced by the animals and plants and
learn more about organic farming, like overcoming the barriers of organic harming to get high yield,
gain more profit, and increase land fertility. We also learned how to grow multiple crops in asmall
field and how to use organic fertilizers from time to time and what is water required by the plant at
a particular time. This knowledge helps the new generation to give more importance to organic
farming and protect nature.

Figure 3.2: Preparation of Organic Fertilizer

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 23

 Social Connect and Responsibility

B.WASTE MANAGEMENT

3.6 INTRODUCTION:

In India, waste management is a complicated and multifaceted problem due to the large population,
rapid urbanization, and varying levels of infrastructure development. Municipal solid waste (MSW)
is the most common type of waste, and local governments are responsible for managing it.

However, many lack the resources and infrastructure to do so effectively, leading to the burning and
dumping of waste in open landfills. The government has launched initiatives such as the Swachh
Bharat Abhiyan and the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, but more efforts, investments, and
public awareness are needed to address the issue. Private organizations and NGOsare also working
towards improving waste management in India, and innovative waste management technologies,
such as decentralized systems, are needed.

Figure 3.3: Types of Waste Management

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 24

 Social Connect and Responsibility

3.7 ADVANTAGES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT:

 Environmental safeguarding: By lowering air, water, and soil pollution, efficient waste
management practices contribute to the protection of the environment. The improper disposal of
waste can result in the release of harmful gases, the leaching of toxins into water bodies, andsoil
contamination.
 Health Services: Additionally, proper waste management practices contribute to public health
protection. Waste that is not properly managed can contaminate water sources and facilitate the
breeding of insects and rodents, which in turn can spread diseases.
 Preservation of Resources: By reducing the need to extract and use new resources, efficient
waste management practices can also aid in resource conservation. This is accomplished by
recycling and reusing materials from waste, which reduces the amount of waste that is dumped
in landfills or burned.
 Economic Advantages: Legitimate waste administration practices can likewise prompt
monetary advantages. This includes the creation of waste management jobs, the generation of
revenue from the sale of recyclable materials, and lower costs for healthcare and environmental
cleanup.
 Social Advantages: Social benefits can also result from employing efficient waste management
methods. This includes better living conditions and a community environment thatis cleaner and
more sanitary, both of which can improve the overall quality of life for those who live there.

3.8 DISADVANTAGES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT :

There are a few disservices related with deficient waste administration in India. These are some:

 Dangers to the environment: Waste that is thrown away in the wrong way can cause problems
for the environment like air and water pollution, which can be bad for people's health as well as
the health of wildlife.
 Dangers to one's health: Squander dumps and landfills can deliver harmful synthetic
substances and gases that represent a huge gamble to general wellbeing, prompting respiratory
diseases, skin issues, and other medical problems.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 25

 Social Connect and Responsibility

 Monetary losses: Due to the costs of healthcare, cleanup, and remediation, inadequate waste
management can result in financial losses.
 Impact on tourism negatively: Waste disposal that isn't done properly can also hurt tourism
because it can make things dirty and unsanitary, making tourists less likely to go to certain
places.
 Societal issues: Residents' mental health and well-being can be negatively impacted by the
sight of waste dumps and landfills, resulting in stress and anxiety.

Overall, poor waste management can have serious repercussions for the economy, public health,
and the environment, highlighting the urgent need for efficient waste management in India.

3.9 HOW TO OVERCOME THE DISADVANTAGES?

The following measures can be taken to reduce the negative effects of poor waste management in
India:

 Educate individuals about: Reducing waste production and enabling competent waste
management can be just as important as educating the public about best practices for recycling
and waste evacuation.
 Implement waste reduction strategies: One way to reduce waste is through composting and
biogas production. Both processes can help keep waste out of landfills and reduce
environmental risks.
 Strengthening of waste management infrastructure: The development of waste transport,
collection and disposal infrastructure can lead to better waste management practices, public
health threats and environmental threats.
 Encourage public participation: By encouraging public participation in waste management
practices used by handlers, such as waste disposal, it is possible to reduce the amount of waste
generated and promote conscious waste management. Enhancing Public-Private Partnerships:
Partnerships with NGOs and private organizations can improve waste management practices
and promote cutting-edge technologies suited to India's special conditions.
 Follow the rules: One example of a regulation that helps ensure environmentally safe waste
management is the Solid Waste Regulations 2016.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 26

 Social Connect and Responsibility

Overall, these measures can mitigate the harms of inadequate waste management in India and
support long-term waste management strategies that benefit the economy, public health, and the
environment.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 27

 Social Connect and Responsibility

MODULE 4

WATER CONSERVATION

4.1 INTRODUCTION:

Water conservation is an important issue that affects everyone, regardless of where they live or
what they do. It is important to conserve water not only to ensure that there is enough for future
generations, but also to reduce the amount of energy used to transport and treat water, and to
minimize the impact on ecosystems and wildlife.

The purpose of this report is to introduce water conservation, including its importance, current
challenges, and potential solutions. The report will begin by outlining the importance of water
conservation and its role in sustainability. It will then examine some of the challenges that are
currently facing water conservation efforts, including climate change, population growth, and aging
infrastructure. Finally, the report will discuss potential solutions to these challenges, including
technological innovations, policy changes, and individual behavior changes.

Overall, this report will provide an overview of the current state of water conservation and its
importance in achieving a sustainable future. It will also provide insight into the challenges that
must be addressed and the solutions that can help overcome them.

4.2 METHODS OF WATER CONSERVATION:

India is a country with a rapidly growing population and increasing water demand, which has put a
significant strain on its water resources. In response to this, several water conservation methods
have been implemented in India, including:

 Rainwater Harvesting: This method involves capturing rainwater and storing it for future use.
This can be done through various techniques such as rooftop rainwater harvesting, recharge pits,
and check dams. Rainwater harvesting has been widely implemented in India and has helped to
increase groundwater levels and reduce dependence on surface water.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 28

 Social Connect and Responsibility

 Drip Irrigation: This method involves delivering water directly to the roots of plants through a
system of pipes and emitters. Drip irrigation is more efficient than traditional flood irrigation and
can reduce water usage by up to 60%. Drip irrigation has been adopted by many farmers inIndia,
particularly in areas where water is scarce.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 29

 Social Connect and Responsibility

Figure 4.1: Drip Irrigation

 Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: This method involves treating wastewater to remove
pollutants and pathogens, and then reusing it for various purposes such as irrigation, industrial

use, and toilet flushing. Wastewater treatment and reuse has been implemented in several cities
in India, and has helped to reduce water demand and improve water quality.

 Water Conservation Campaigns: This method involves raising awareness among the public
about the importance of water conservation and encouraging behavior change. Water

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 30

 Social Connect and Responsibility

conservation campaigns have been implemented by various organizations in India, including

government agencies, NGOs, and private companies. These campaigns have helped to promote
water-saving practices such as turning off taps when not in use, fixing leaks, and using water-
efficient appliances.
 Soil Moisture Conservation: This method involves various techniques to increase soil moisture
and reduce water loss from evaporation. These techniques include mulching, cover cropping,
and contour farming. Soil moisture conservation has been widely adopted by farmersin India,
particularly in dryland areas.

Overall, these water conservation methods have been successful in reducing water usage and
improving water availability in India. However, there is still much work to be done, particularly in
addressing the challenges posed by climate change, population growth, and aging infrastructure.

4.3 WAYS FOR CONSERVING WATER IN OUR DAY-TO-DAY LIFE:

 Stop Leaks: Over time, even insignificant leaks in pipes, toilets, and faucets can result in a
significant amount of wasted water. Ensure that any leaks are fixed as soon as possible.
 Switch Off the Tap: While cleaning your teeth, shaving, or cleaning up, switch off the tap
when not being used. Over time, this can help save a lot of water.
 Employ a Bucket: While washing dishes or garments, utilize a container to gather the flush
water and use it to water plants or flush the latrine.
 Make your showers shorter: A lot of water can be saved by taking shorter showers. Try to
take a shower for no more than five minutes.
 Prudently water plants: To reduce evaporation, water your plants early in the morning or late
at night. Water the roots directly with a drip irrigation system or watering can.
 Make use of water-saving appliances: Look for models of washing machines, dishwashers,
and toilets that use less water when you buy them.
 Obtain Rainwater: To collect and store rainwater for later use, install a rainwater harvesting
system.
 Do not Overwater Your Grass: Water your grass just when fundamental and stay away from
overwatering. A lawn in good health only requires about an inch of water each week.
 Water Reuse: Use the water that remains after washing fruits and vegetables to water plants,
clean floors, and clean surfaces.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 31

 Social Connect and Responsibility

4.4 MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS WORKING TO CONSERVE WATER:

Jal Shakti Abhiyan: This is a government-led campaign that aims to improve water availability
and quality through various measures such as rainwater harvesting, watershed development, and
groundwater recharge.

Tarun Bharat Sangh: This is an NGO that works towards the conservation of water resources and
sustainable development through community participation. They have implemented various projects
such as watershed development, rainwater harvesting, and groundwater recharge.

WaterAid India: This is an international NGO that works towards improving access to safe water,
sanitation, and hygiene in India. They work with local communities and governments to implement
projects that promote water conservation and improve water quality.

Centre for Science and Environment: This is a research and advocacy organization that works
towards promoting sustainable development and environmental conservation. They have published
several reports and studies on water conservation and have worked with governments to implement
policy changes that promote water conservation.

Arghyam: This is a philanthropic foundation that works towards sustainable water management in
India. They have implemented various projects such as rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge,
and wastewater treatment and reuse.

Vasundhara Watershed Development Agency: This is a government agency that works towards
watershed development and conservation of water resources in Rajasthan. They have implemented
several projects that promote soil and water conservation, groundwater recharge, and sustainable
agriculture.

These organizations, along with several others, are working tirelessly towards promoting water
conservation and sustainable development in India.

4.1 CONCLUSION:

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 32

 Social Connect and Responsibility

Water conservation is crucial in India to ensure the availability of safe and clean water for present
and future generations. The implementation of various water conservation methods, such as rainwater
harvesting, groundwater recharge, and soil moisture conservation, has helped to conserve water
resources. However, it is also essential to promote individual responsibility in conserving water by
adopting simple practices like fixing leaks, turning off taps, and using water-efficient appliances. By
working together to conserve water resources, we can ensure a sustainable future for India.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 33

 Social Connect and Responsibility

MODULE 5

FOOD WALK

5.1 INTRODUCTION:

A food walk is a guided tour that explores local cuisine and culinary traditions in a particular
region or city. It is a cultural and culinary experience that involves walking through streets and
neighborhoods, visiting local food establishments, and trying local dishes.

The importance of a food walk lies in its ability to provide a unique cultural experience and
promote the appreciation of local cuisine. Food walks help people connect with the local culture
and history, as food is often an essential part of a region's identity. By experiencing local cuisine,
visitors can gain a deeper understanding of a region's traditions, values, and way of life.

Food walks also promote sustainable tourism by supporting local businesses and economies. When
visitors try local food and drinks, they are contributing to the local economy, helping to create jobs,
and supporting small businesses. Food walks also encourage visitors to explore different parts of a
region or city, promoting tourism beyond the typical tourist attractions.

Additionally, food walks can also have health benefits. By trying local dishes and ingredients,
visitors can experience new flavors and cuisines, which can encourage them to incorporate
healthier options into their diet. Food walks can also promote physical activity, as they typically
involve walking between food establishments.

In conclusion, food walks are an excellent way to explore a region's cuisine, culture, and history.
They promote sustainable tourism and support local businesses while providing a unique cultural
experience. By taking a food walk, visitors can gain a deeper understanding of a region's traditions,
support the local economy, and potentially improve their health.

We conducted a panel discussion on food walks at the recently held in our college Sapthagiri
college of engineering at Bengaluru. The talk focused on how food walks can drive culinary

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 34

 Social Connect and Responsibility

tourism in India. According to the competition conducted in our college there was a "FOOD
WALK" where each and every group had to prepare two dishes one any REGIONAL FOOD and
the other was to COOK WITHOUT FIRE. Each one of them have put in lot of efforts to prepare
and present different kind of dishes and have made it a grand success.

Figure 5.1: Food Walk Poster

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 35

 Social Connect and Responsibility

5.2 JOLADA ROTTI

Jolada Roti Oota is a very popular flat bread in North Karnataka region spicy curries and condiments
along with salads.Good For health also..Jowar roti which is called Jonna rotte in Telugu and Jolada
rotti in Kannada, is an unleavened Indian bread made of sorghum bicolor. It is coarser than a roti. It
can be either soft or hard in texture, compared to a khakhra or cracker with respect to hardness. The
name literally translates to "sorghum bread". Jowar roti is part of the staple diet of most of
the districts of North Karnataka, where it is eaten with pulse curries such as jhunka, yengai, shenga
.(peanut) chutney or other assorted chutneys.

Figure 5.2 Jolada Rotti

5.3 BADANEKAYI ENNENGAI/STUFFED BRINJAL CURRY

Badanekayi ennegayi or thumbida badanekayi is a very tasty and extremely popular curry recipe
from North Karnataka. Ennegayi is mainly served with jowar roti (jolada rotti) or chapathi. Tasty
ennegayi or stuffed brinjal is prepared using small purpole brinjals, onion, coconut, peanut, sesame
seeds and many other spices.

In Kannada this curry is familiar by name ennegayi or thumbida badanekayi. "Enne" translates to oil
in Kannada language. Since brinjal or badanekayi is cooked under low flame in oil, it is called by
name ennegayi. Also "thumbida" translates to stuffed in Kannada language. And so comes the name
thumbida badanekayi or stuffed brinjal.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 36

 Social Connect and Responsibility

Instructions for making badanekayi ennegayi:

1. Wash and slit the brinjals in '+' sign retaining the stalk portion. Please refer the image. Also check
for worms or any spoiled part..Now immersse the slit brinjals in water for 10 minutes

2. Meantime let us start roasting the ingredients for grinding. Take a frying pan and dry roast sesame
seeds until they start spluttering. Once it is done take it out and keep it aside.
3 .Next in the same pan dry roast ground nuts or peanuts until slightly brown. Once it is done take
them out and keep it aside.
4 .Next in the same pan add in a tsp of oil, 3 red chilies, 2 tsp gram dal, 1 tsp urad dal, 2 tsp coriander
seeds, 1 tsp cumin seeds and 1/4 fenugreek seeds. Fry them under medium flame until dals are
brown. Take care not to burn anything.
5. Once done take them out and keep it aside. Now have a look at all the ingredients roasted. Add in
fried gram and grated coconut.
6. Transfer all the roasted ingredients, fried gram and coconut into a mixie jar and grind it into a thick
paste by adding required water. Keep it aside.
7. Now take 4 tbsp of oil in the same pan and heat it. Add in mustard seeds. When the mustard seeds
splutters add in curry leaves and chopped onions.
8. Fry the onions until soft. Then add in turmeric powder. Give a quick stir and reduce the flame
9. Now take out the brinjals from the water. Remove the excess water. And then stuff the ground
masala inside the slit brinjals.
Place the stuffed brinjals in the frying pan which has onion tempering
10. After few minutes turn the brinjals and cook the remaining sides under low flame
11. Add in tamarind juice extracted from a gooseberry sized tamarind, jaggery and salt.
12. Continue cooking the brinjals for few more minutes. Keep turning the brinjals and cook on all
sides under low flame.
13. Once the brinjals are soft add in remaining masala and 1 cup of water. Cover and cook the
brinjals for few more minutes.
14 .After around 5 minutes or when the masala starts leaving the oil it is done. Sprinkle the chopped
coriander leaves. Serve it with hot rice flour roti or jowar roti or chapathi.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 37

 Social Connect and Responsibility

Figure 5.3 Badanekayi Ennegai

5.4 SHAVIGE PAYASA/VERMICELLI KHEER

Shavige payasa or vermicelli kheer recipe explained with step by step pictures and a video. Shavige
payasa or sevai payasam is prepared using vermicelli, milk, sugar, ghee, cashews and raisins. This
is a very easy payasa recipe. Along with this shavige payasa recipe, I have explained a trick in this
recipe, which helps to avoid kheer turning thick when turns cool. I have used 2 cups milk and 1/2
cup sugar for 1/2 cup vermicelli. And I have cooked vermicelli using 2 cups of water.

Vermicelli Kheer / Shavige payasa is a traditional sweet dish from South India. Thin vermicelli of
wheat is used in the preparation of the dish. It is one of the popular dessert / sweets made in all parts
of India. In South India, it is often prepared during all major festivals.

The festive season is incomplete without a kheer. In South India, shavige payasa is often prepared in
most households. A big vessel of payasam with dry fruits is offered along with other sweets and
savoury as offering.

Method:
1. Take a teaspoon of ghee and roast the vermicelli along with dry fruits on a slow flame. Keep
stirring with a ladle, until brown in colour. Take care not to burn them.
2. Boil milk with saffron until it reduces to three-fourth of the quantity.
3. Now, add the milk to the vermicelli and let cook on a slow flame.

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 38

 Social Connect and Responsibility

4. Once the vermicelli is done, it floats on top. Put the sugar. Mix well and again let boil for two
minutes This infuses taste and consistency to the sweet dish.
5. Later, remove from flame and add cardamom powder

Figure 5.4 Shavige Payasa

5.5 BUTTI
Sambar butti recipe explained with step by step pictures and a video. This is an north Karnataka style
sambar butti recipe prepared using rice, sambar powder, tamarind, salt, jaggery, onion and garlic.
Sambar butti is a very easy and tasty recipe. You can serve this for breakfast or pack it for lunch.

Figure 5.5 Butti

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 39

 Social Connect and Responsibility

5.6 CHUTNEY POWDER

5.7 TOMATO BATH

Tomato bath or tomato rice is a very popular breakfast item from Karnataka. Tomato bath or tomato
rice is very tasty, healthy and kids friendly recipe. Tomato bath is an one pot meal and stomach filling
rice recipe prepared using rice, tomato, onion and few spices.

Tomato bath is a savory, tangy and flavorful rice-based dish made with a ground paste of
tomatoes, coconut, spices and herbs. The addition of this ground masala paste takes this dish to
another level. My recipe is of Karnataka-style tomato rice that is popularly known as tomato bath.

Here the word ‘bath’ translates to ‘rice’.

1. Pressure cook rice and cool down to make sure that the rice grains are separate. I cooked rice
in 1: 1 & ¼ ratio with water, up to 3 whistles.
2 Chop tomato finely and slice onions length wise.
3 Heat a heavy bottomed pan with oil and add the tempering items given in order.
Then add the onions and fry till transparent and add the ginger garlic paste and fry till raw smell
goes off.
3. Add the chopped tomatoes and add enough salt that is required for the rice and cook in slow
flame, till it becomes mushy. (6-8 min)

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 40

 Social Connect and Responsibility

4. 4 Grind the ingredients under the To Grind table with little water and add it to the cooking
tomatoes and mix well.
5. 5 ¼ cup Coconut,8 Small onion,1 Cinnamon,1 Cardamom,5 Green chillies,1 Cloves
6. 6 Add some oil or ghee to make it cook easy.
7. 7 Cook in low flame till you get a nice aroma.
8. 8 Mix this to the cooked cooled rice carefully and add the chopped coriander leaves if
desired

5.8 FOOD WALK EVENT

Figure 5.6:Food walk event

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 41

 Social Connect and Responsibility

Figure 5.7:Photo with Principal and HOD

Department of CSE,SCE 2023-24 42