IGCSE CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES (PART TWO) ASSIGNMENT 18

IGCSECo-ordinated Sciences
Assignment Eighteen
Name• (4414. Max. Mark: 48 Your Mark:

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. Use black ink throughout, though any diagrams and
graphs should be done in pencil.

In any questions involving calculations you may use a calculator and, in these questions, it is important
that you show your working.

Remember: the marks are a guide as to how much you need to write. If an answer is worth two marks
you will need to state two facts, or one fact and an explanation.

1. A radioactive source, which emits beta-particles, is used as shown in Fig. 1.1 to detect whether
cartons on a conveyor belt have the required volume of pineapplejuice in them.

narrow
beta-particle detecting
emittingsource slit

fruitjuice radiation
detector
carton

PINE,A

to counter

conveyor
belt

Fig. 1.1

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IGCSE CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES (PART TWO) ASSIGNMENT 18

a. State why an alpha-emitting source would not be suitable for this application.

(1 mark)

b. State why a gamma-emitting source would not be suitable for this application.

(1 mark)

c. The factory has a choice of two beta-emitting sources.

Source Half-life

Barium-139 85 minutes

Strontium-90 28 years

State, giving your reasons, which of these sources is the most suitable for this application.

ele S

(2 marks)

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IGCSE SCIENCES (PART PWO) ASSIGNMENT 18

d. The equipment is set to give a reading of 200 counts/s when there is a carton with the
correct amount of pineapple juice between the source and the detector.

Tick the appropriate boxes to indicate what reading would be expected in each situation.

Reading

More than 200 Less than 200

200 counts/s
counts/s counts/s

Carton containing too little juice

Carton containing too much juice

No carton at all
(3 marks)
(Total 7 marks)

2. Fig 2.1 represents a neutral lithium atom. All the particles in the atom are shown on the diagram.

nucleus

Fig. 2.1

a. use Fig. 2.1 to help you answer the following questions.

How many electrons does this atom have?

(1 mark)

ii. What is the value of the proton number of this atom?

(1 mark)

iii. How many neutrons does the atom have?

(1 mark)

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IGCSE CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES (PART TWO) ASSIGNMENT 18

iv. What is the value of the nucleon number of this atom?

(1 mark)

b. Write the appropriate numbers in the boxes below, to represent this atom of Lithium in
nuclide notation.

(1 mark)
(Total 5 marks)

3. In a laboratory's secure radioactivity cupboard are two unlabelled radioactive sources. A scientist
knows that one is an alpha-emitter and the other is a beta-emitter, but is not sure which is
which.

A radiation detector, a magnet and some paper are available.

Briefly describe two different experimental tests, using this equipment, which would allow the
scientist to identify which is the alpha-emitter and which is the beta-emitter.

Test Outcome for alpha Outcome for beta

be pcs
c cs De-ccc vc.cc10icIeSVave
cc

(Total 4 marks)

4.
a. An atom consists of a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons, surrounded by orbiting
electrons.

i. Which of these particles has a positive charge?

(1 mark)

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IGCSE COORDINATED SCIENCES (PART TWO) ASSIGNMENT 18

ii. Which two of these particles have almost equal mass?

and

(1 mark)

b. A silver nucleus is denoted by " Ag. State the number of protons and the number of
neutrons in this nucleus.

Number of protons =

Number of neutrons =

(2 marks)

c. The graph in Fig. 4.1 shows part of the decay curve of a radioactive nuclide. The count rate is
plotted against time.

count tate
counts s

100

5 10 15 20 25 30
time hours

Fig. 4.1

Use the graph to find the half-life of this nuclide.

Half-life = hours

(1 mark)

ii. Plot two more points on Fig. 4.1 at times greater than 10 hours. Use a dot in a circle to
indicate each point.

(2 marks)
(Total 7 marks)

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IGCSE CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES (PART TWO) ASSIGNMENT 18

S. A radioactive source is placed near a radiation detector connected to a counter, as shown in Fig.
5.1.

o oo
rad•oactrve radiation
counter
source detector

Fig. 5.1

a. The count rate, measured over three successive minutes, gives values of:

720 counts/minute

691 counts/minute

739 counts/minute.

Explain why a variation like this is to be expected in such an experiment.

cc
(1 mark)

b. The radiation detector and counter are left untouched. The radioactive source is put in its
lead container and returned to the metal security cupboard.

Once this has been done, a further measurement is taken over one minute. This gives a
reading of 33 counts/minute.

State the name used for the radioactivity being detected during this minute.

(1 mark)

ii. Suggest two possible sources for this radioactivity.

(2 marks)
(Total 4 marks)

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IGCSE CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES (PART TWO) ASSIGNMENT 18

6. A radium source emits a, ß and y radiations. Fig. 6.1 illustrates what happens to these radiations
when they pass through a magnetic field.

radioactive
source

Fig. 6.1

a. On Fig. 6.1, label the three radiations by writing in the boxes provided.

(3 marks)

b. State the direction of the magnetic field that gives the deflections shown in Fig. 6.1.

(2 marks)
(Total 5 marks)

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IGCSE CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES (PART TWO) ASSIGNMENT 18

7. Fig. 7.1 shows a simple motor with a rectangular coil that is free to rotate about an axis AIA2. The
coil is connected to a battery by brushes Bl and B2

B,

Fig. 7.1

the
a. Brush Bl is connected to the positive terminal of the battery and brush B2is connected to
negative terminal of the battery.
the coil.
i. On Fig 7.1 use an arrow to show the direction of the conventional current in
(1 mark)

end closest to the

ii. State the direction in which the coil rotates, when viewed from the
brushes.

(1 mark)

makes to the rotation of the coil:

b. State what difference, if any, each of the following charges

Using a battery with larger potential difference.

(1 mark)

as in (a),
ii. Using a coild with several turns of wire carrying the same current

(1 mark)

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IGCSE CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES (PART TWO) ASSIGNMENT 18

iii. Using a stronger magnetic field,

(I mark)
(Total 5 marks)

8. Alternating current electricity is delivered at 22 000 V to a pair of transmission lines. The

transmission lines carry the electricity to the customer at the receiving end, where the potential
difference is V. This is shown in Fig. 8.1. Each transmission line has a resistance of 3 C).

22 000 v 312
312

Fig. 8.1

a. The a.c. generator actually generates at a much lower voltage than 22 000 V.

Suggest how the voltage is increased to 22 000 V.

(1 mark)

ii. State one advantage of delivering electrical energy at high voltage.

(1 mark)

b. The power delivered by the generator is 55 kW. Calculate the current in the transmission
lines

CCC

Current =

(2 marks)

c. Calculate the voltage drop across one of the transmission lines.

(135.4A). (3 (ACC. U V
Voltage drop =

(2 marks)

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 IGCSE CO-ORDINATEDSCIENCES (PART TWO) ASSIGNMENT 18

d. Calculate the rate of loss of energy from one of the 3 Q transmission lines, giving the units.

u- eeC ct
Rate of energy loss = t.q V/z

(3 marks)

e. Calculate the potential difference V at the receiving end of the transmission lines.

(2 marks)
000 U (Total 11 marks)

TOTAL FOR ASSIGNMENT 48 MARKS

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