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2RA Tut 8

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3 views

real_analysis_tut8

2RA Tut 8

Uploaded by

Raymond
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2 Real Analysis 2024

Tutorial 8
A/Prof Elena Berdysheva
Dr Francesco Russo

The ratio and the root tests


Problem 29 For each of the following series, determine whether it converges or diverges.
∞ ∞ ∞
X n! X 2n n! X 3n n!
(a) n
, (b) , (c) ,
n=1 n nn n=1 n=1 n
n

∞ ∞ ∞  n2
X (n!)2 5n (n!)2 X X n
(d) , (e) , (f) ,
n=1 (2n)! n=1 (2n)! n=1 n + 1
∞ n2 ∞ ∞
n n4 (2n)!

n
X X X
(g) 4 , (h) n
, (i) n
.
n=1 n+1 n=1 2 n=1 n!n

Absolute and conditional convergence


Problem 30 For a real number x, we define x+ = max{0, x} and x− = max{0, −x}.

(a) Show that


1 1
x = x+ − x − , |x| = x+ + x− , x+ = (|x| + x), x− = (|x| − x).
2 2

(b) Let ∞ a real series. Show that ∞


P P
n=1 an be
P∞ P∞ n=1 an is absolutely convergent if and only
−
if both series n=1 a+n and a
n=1 n are convergent.
P∞ P∞
(c) Show that if one of the series n=1 a+
n and n=1 a−
n converges and the other diverges,
then ∞
P
n=1 an diverges.

(d) Show that if ∞


P∞
a+
P
P∞ n=1 an is conditionally convergent, then both series n=1 n and
−
n=1 an diverge.

Problem 31 Prove or disprove.

P∞  n
(a) The series n=0 − 32 can be rearranged so that the sum of the rearranged series
is 10.
P∞ (−1)n
(b) The series n=0
√
n+1
can be rearranged so that the sum of the rearranged series is
10.

1
Problem 32 For each of the following series, determine whether it is absolutely conver-
gent, conditionally convergent or divergent.
∞ ∞ ∞ √
X
n−1 n X
n −n
X sin n
(a) (−1) 2
, (b) (−1) e , (c) √ ,
n=1 n +4 n=0 n=1 n3 + 2
∞ ∞ ∞ 
arctan n n4 −n n

(−1)n (−1)n
X X X
(d) , (e) , (f) .
n=1 n2 n=1 en n=1 2n + 1

Mixed problems on series


Problem 33 For each of the following series, determine whether it converges or diverges.
∞
√ √ ∞ ∞
1 2 n
 n
n+1− n 2
X X   X
(a) , (b) , (c) n ,
n=1 n n=1 n 3 n=1 3
∞ ∞ ∞
(−1)n−1
!
X 1 1 X 1 X
(d) 2
− , (e) , (f) .
n=1 n (n + 1)2 n=1 2 + 3 ln n n=1 2 + 3 ln n

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