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Cement Testing

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Subham Kumar
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13 views

Cement Testing

Uploaded by

Subham Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TESTING OF

CEMENT
Testing of Cement
1. Field testing
2. Standard consistency test
3. Fineness test
4. Soundness test
5. Strength test
Field Testing
• Open the bag and take a good look atthe cement, then it
should not contain any visiblelumps.
• Colour of cement should be greenishgrey.
• Should get cool feeling when thrusted.
• When we touch the cement, it should give a smooth &not a
gritty feeling.
• When we throw the cement on a bucket full of water before
it sinks the particles shouldflow.
• When we make a stiff paste of cement & cut it with sharp
edges & kept on a glass plate under water there wont be any
disturbance to the shape& should get strength after 24hours.
Standard Consistency Test

The standard consistency of a cement paste is defined


as that consistency which will permit a Vicat plunger
having 10 mm diameter and 50 mm length to penetrate
to a depth of 33-35 mm from the top of the mould.

USE:
Used to find out the percentage of water
required to produce a cement paste of
standard consistency.
This is also called normal consistency (CPNC).
PROCEDURE:

•For first trial, take about 500gms of cement &


water of 24%by weight of cement.

•Fill it in Vicat’s mould with in 3-5min.

•After filling, shake the mould to expel air.

•A standard plunger, 10 mm diameter, 50 mm


long is attached and brought down to touch
the surface of the paste and quickly released.

•Note the reading according to depth of


penetration of the plunger.
PROCEDURE:

• Conduct trials continuously by taking different water cement ratios till


the plunger penetrates for a depth of 33-35mm from top.
• This particular percentage is known as percentage of water required to
produce cement paste of standard consistency.
• This is usually denoted as‘P’.
• SUITABLE CONDITIONS:
• Conducted in a constant temperature of 270+20C.
• Constant Humidity 90%.
Setting Time Test:

• An arbitraty division has been made for the


setting time of cement.

• Initial setting time &

• Final setting time.


INITIAL SETTING TIME

• The time elapsed between the moment that


the water is added to the cement, to the time
that the paste starts losing itsplasticity.
• Normally a minimum of 30min hasmaintained
for mixing & handlingoperations.
• It should not be less than30min.
FINAL SETTING TIME
• The time elapsed between the moment the
water is added to the cement, and the time
when the paste has completely lost its
plasticity and has attained sufficient firmness
to resist certain definitepressure.
• It should not exceed10hours.
• So that it is avoided fromleast vulnerable to
damages from external activities.
FINENESSTEST
• The fineness of cement has an important
bearing on the rate of hydration, rate of
gain of strength, evolution of heat.
• Finer cement offers greater surface area.
• Disadvantage of fine grinding is that it is
susceptible to air set & early deterioration.
• Maximum no. of particles in a sample of
cement<100microns.
• The smallest particle should have a size if
1.5microns.
• Large particle should have a size of
10microns.
• Fineness of cement is tested in two ways.
• By sieving.
• By determination specific surface by air
permeability method.
SIEVETEST
PROCEDURE:

•Take correctly 100grams of cement on


a standard IS sieve No.9

•Break down the air-set lumps & sieve


it &weigh it.

•This weight shall not exceed 10% for


ordinary cement.

•Sieve test is rarely used.


SOUNDNESSTEST
• It is very important that the cement after setting shall not undergo any
appreciable change of volume.

• This test is to ensure that the cement does not show any subsequent
expansions.

• The unsoundness in cement is due to the presence of excess of lime


combined with acidic oxide at the kiln.

• This is due to high proportion of magnesia & calcium sulphate.

• Therefore magnesia content in cement is limited to 6%.

• Gypsum3-5.
APPARATUS FOR SOUDNESSTEST
• It consists of a small split cylinder of spring brass.
• It is 30mm diameter & 30mm high.
• Cement is mixed with 0.78 times of water & filled into the mould & kept
on a glass plate & covered with another glassplate.
• This is immersed in water at a temperature 270c-320c for 24 hours.
• Measure the distance between indicators.
• Heat the water & bring to boiling point of about 25-30min.
• Remove the mould from the water after 3 hours.
• Measure the distance between the indicators.
• This must not exceed 10 mm for ordinary, rapid hardening, low heat
Portland cements.
• If this expansion is more than 10 mm the cement is said to be unsound.
APPARATUSOFSOUNDNESSTEST
STRENGTHTEST

• This is the most important of all properties of


hardened cement.
• Due to excessive shrinkage and cracking the
strength tests are not made on heat cement
paste.
• Standard sand is used for finding the strength of
cement.
PROCEDURE
Take 555gms of standard sand. 185gms of cement (i.e., 1:3 ratio
•
of cement and sand)
Mix them for 1min, then add water of quantity(P/4) +3.0%.
•
Mix three ingredients thoroughly until the mixture is of
•
uniform colour.
The time of mixing should not be<3min and >4min. Then
•
the mortar is filled into a cube mould of 7.06cm. Compact
•
the mortar.
•
Keep the compacted cube in the mould at a temperature of 27°C
±•2°C and at least 90 per cent relative humidity for 24 hours.
After 24hours the cubes are removed & immersed in clean fresh
water until taken for testing.
•
The End

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