REPUBLIC OF RWANDA

SOUTHERN PROVINCE
HUYE DISTRICT

THE END OF TERM TWO COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT

ADVANCED LEVEL

SUBJECT: Physics _MARKING GUIDE

CLASS: S5

 MPG (Mathematics-Physics-Geography);
 PCB (Physics-Chemistry-Biology);
 PCM (Physics-Chemistry-Mathematics).
 MPC (Mathematics-Physics-Computer science)

Date: 17-03-2023

Duration: From 8h30-11h30

This paper consists of TWO sections: A and B.

o Section A: Multiple choice questions (12 marks)

o Section B: Attempt all questions (88 marks)

Indatirwabahizi twiyemeje kuba ku isonga mu mihigo !!!!

Physics S5 Marking Guide 2nd term 2022-2023

Section A: Multiple choice questions (12 marks)

Q1.B Q2. A Q3.D Q4. B Q5. A Q6. B (12 marks)

Section B: Attempt all questions (90 marks)

Question7:

a) False (1mark)
b) True (1mark)
c) False (1mark)
d) True (1mark)
e) False (1mark)

Question8:

a) The electric potential at point P :

From (1mark)

(1mark)
b) The work done to bring the point charge from infinity to point P:
From (1mark)
(1mark)

c) The electric force between two charges: (1mark)

(1mark)

d) The net electric field at point 0.3 m from the origin: (1mark) implies

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 (1mark)
e) The speed of the point charge when it is far away from the origin:

From (1mark)

= (1mark)

Question9:

a) Any three properties of the universal gravitational force :

 It is always attractive in nature while electric and magnetic force can be attractive or
repulsive.
(1mark)
 It is independent of the medium between the particles while electric and magnetic forces
depend on the nature of the medium between the particles. (1mark)
 It is a central force, i.e. it acts along the line joining the centres of two interacting bodies.
(1mark)
 It is a two-body interaction, i.e. gravitational force between two particles is independent of
the presence or absence of other particles.
 It is the weakest force in nature : As Fnuclear > Felectromagnetic > Fgravitational.
 It is a conservative force, i.e. work done by it is path independent or work done in moving a
particle round a closed path under the action of gravitational force is zero.
 It is an action reaction pair, i.e. the force with which one body (say, earth) attracts the second
body (say, moon) is equal to the force with which moon attracts the earth. This is in
accordance with Newton’s third law of motion.
b)
(i) Using the symbols above, the centripetal force needed to maintain the satellite in this orbit is

(2marks)

(ii) The gravitational field strength in the region of the satellite is (2marks)
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 (iii) The appropriate unit for this quantity. is (2marks)

(iv)Using the two expressions above, (1mark)

(0.5mark), therefore the greater the height of the satellite above the earth,

the smaller will be its orbital speed since , and are constant. (0.5mark)
Question10:
(a) Bohr’s model postulates:
- Each electron moves in a circular orbit centered at the nucleus. (1mark)
- The centripetal force needed by the electron moving in a circle is provided by electrostatic
force of attraction between the nucleus and electrons. (1mark)
h
- The angular momenta p of electrons are whole number multiples of ,where h is the
2π
h 2 v
- Planck’s constant. i.e. L=n =nћ=Iω=(mr ) =mvr . (1mark)
2π r
- When electron moves in its allowed orbit, it doesn’t radiate energy. The atom is then stable.
- Such stable orbits are called stationary orbit. (1mark)
- When an electron jumps from one allowed orbit to another, it radiates energy.
c
The energy of radiation equals energy difference between levels. ∆ E=hf =h =Ef −Ei .
λ

b) Any two limitations/drawbacks of Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom :

- It is valid only for single valency atoms, e.g. : H, , , etc. (1mark)

- Orbits were taken as circular but according to Sommerfield these are elliptical. (1mark)
- Intensity of spectral lines could not be explained.
- Nucleus was taken as stationary but it also rotates on its own axis.
- It could not explain the minute structure in spectral lines.

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c) (i) Consider an electron orbiting the nucleus in its orbit of radius r

2
mv
From the second Bohr’s postulate F c =Fel where F c = (centripetal force) and
r
k |ze||−e|
F el= (electrostatic force of attraction between electron and nucleus)
r2
Then, let’s find kinetic energy (K.E) and potential energy (P.E):
m v k |ze||−e|
[ ]
2 2 2
2 ze 1 1 2 ze
= 2
→mv = as k = , mv =
r r 4 π ϵ0 r 4 π ϵ0 2 8π ϵ0 r
2
e (
implies K . E= 2marks ) [as z=1 for hydrogen atom]
8 π ϵ0r
2
ke −e (
But also P . E=−eV ∨V = so , P . E= 2 marks ) [as z=1 for hydrogen atom]
r 4 π ϵ0 r
Total electric energy of electron,
2 2 2
e e −e (
E=K . E+ P . E= − = 1mark )
8 π ϵ 0 r 4 π ϵ 0r 8 π ϵ 0r
2 2 2
−e ε0 h n
For the n energy levels, En =
th
, with r n = ,
8 π ϵ 0 rn πme
2

4
−me 1
En = 2 2 2 ( 1 mark )i.e
En ∝ 2 as required.
8 ϵ0 h n n
−E 0 me
4
−18
And En = 2
where E0 = 2 2
=13.6 eV =2.17 ×10 J
n 8ϵ0 h
−18
−13.6 eV −2.17× 10 J
so, En = 2
= 2 .
n n
(ii) the orbital radius for n=1∧n=2levels:
2 2 2
ε0 h n 2 ε0 h
rn = 2
→r n=r 1 .n with r 1= 2
i.e r n ∝n 2
πme πm e

( )
−12
10 F ( 2
6.62 ×10 J . S )
−34
2 2 2 8.85 ×
ε h ( 1) ε h
0 0 m
For n=1:r = 1 = = 2 2
πm e πm e 22 2
( 9.11×10−31 kg )( 1.60× 10−19 C )
7

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 −10
¿ 0.53 ×10 m=0.53 Å
−10 '
r 1=0.53× 10 m=0.53 Å ( Boh r s radius) (1 mark)

For n=2: r n =r 1 . n2 → r 2=( 0.53 ×10−10 m ) ( 22 )=2.12 ×10−10 m =2.12 Å

−10
r 2=2.12×10 m=2.12 Å (1 mark)

Question11:
h
(a) Compton wavelength dimensions: λ c =
me C
Knowing dimensions of λ c → [ L ] (1mark) and
from h → [ M L2 T −1 ] , me → [ M ] ,C → [L T −1]
h 2 −1 −1 −1 1 0
→[M L T M L T ]→[ M ¿ ¿ 0 L T ]¿ → [ L ] (1mark)
me C
h
so, since [ L ¿=¿ therefore the quantity is dimensionally correct.
me C
(b) The Compton wavelength for an electron and a proton:

(c) For the energy of the photon we have

hc hc 2
hc E= = =m0 C
( )
E=hf = (1mark) or λ=λ C , then λC h (1mark)
λ
m0 C
Question12:
a) i) The thermionic emission is the process by which an electron is liberated from the surface
of metal heated. (2marks)

ii) Cathode rays are steams of electrons moving at high speed in a tube highly evacuated.
(2marks)
b) Properties of cathode rays:
- They travel from the cathode in a straight line (1mark)
- They cause certain substances to fluoresce (1mark)
- They can be deflected by electric field
- They can be deflected by magnetic field
- They can produce x-rays when they strike heavy metals
- They are negatively charged

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 - They possess kinetic energy which is converted into heat and light on hitting the fluorescent
screen
c) (i) Upaward

(ii) Given:

The magnitude of the electric field between the plates: (1mark)

(1mark)
(iii) Inside plates, the electron’s path is a parabola-downward (1mark) and outside the plates, the
electron’s path is a straight line (1 mark).

(iv) Inside plates, the electro’s path is a parabola:

so, the acceleration is given by (1mark)

, downward. (1mark)

(v) Yes(1mark), it will leave the plates (1mark)

(vi) The total vertical deflection/path of the electron on the screen:

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Consider the electron’s path outside the plate is a straight line:

S0, , The total vertical deflection/path of the electron on the screen is given by both

deflections:

(1mark)

∴
(1mark)

Question13: From each wavelength we find the corresponding frequency using the relation

(1 mark), where c is the speed of light:

, (nm) )
588 0.67 5.10 (1 mark)
505 0.98 5.94 (1 mark)
445 1.35 6.74 (1 mark)
339 1.63 7.52 (1 mark)

/(11marks)

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(b) Our basic equation is . Therefore, an experimental value for Planck’s constant is

the slope of the graph, which can be found from a least-squares fit or from reading the graph

as: (1mark) (1mark)

From the scatter of the data points on the graph, we estimate the uncertainty of the slope to be about
3%. Thus we choose to show two significant figures in writing the experimental value of Planck’s
constant.

(c) Again from the linear equation (1mark), the work function for the metal surface is

the negative of the y-intercept of the graph, so (1mark). Based on the range
of slopes that appear to fit the data, the estimated uncertainty of the work function is 5%.

End !!

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