Course 19URCSC0C01 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4 Credits

Course Objectives
 To understandard the importance of writing skills
 To learn the method of documentation
 To learn different types of methods for data analysis
 To understandard the importance of computational tools

Unit 1:Technical Writing

Basic Elements: Thesis Elements – Paper Elements – Order of Thesis and Paper Elements –
Concluding Remarks – Identification of the Author and His Writing: Author’s Name and
Affiliation – Joint Authorship of a Paper: Genuine Authorship and Order of Authors.
Identification of Writing: Title, Keyboards, Synopsis, Preface and Abstract – Typical
Examples. Chapters and Sections: Introductory Chapters and Section – Core Chapters and
Sections. Text-Support materials: Figures and Tables – Mathematical Expressions and
Equations – References – Appendixes and Annexure – Listing of Materials. Numbering of
elements: Pagination – Numbering of Chapters, Sections and Subsections – Numbering of
figures and Tables – Equation Numbering – Appendix Numbering – Reference Numbering.

Unit 2: Near Set Theory

Introduction – Object Description – Sample Behaviour Description – Nearness of Objects –
Near Sets – Near Sets and Verisimilitude – Fundamental Approximation Space –Lower
Approximation of a Set – Upper Approximation of a Set – Boundary Region – Nearness
Approximation Spaces – Sample Families of Neighbourhoods – Feature Selection Method –
Overlap Function – Approach to Near Set Theory – Modification of our Approach to Near
Sets – Medical Application.

Unit 3: Rough set Theory

Introduction – Approximation spaces – Decision systems and Decision Trees – Closure
operators and Rough sets. Rough set based Feature selection : Introduction – Dependency
function based approaches – Rough set based Attribute Reduction (RSAR) – VPRS (Variable
Precision Rough sets (VPRS) –Dynamic Reducts – Entropy based reduction(EBR) –
Discernibility Matrix based Approaches

Unit 4: Soft set Theory

Soft sets – Operations on Soft sets – Union, Intersection, AND operation – OR
operation –Properties on soft set operations – Matrix representation of soft sets –
Operations on Soft Matrices –Parameter reduction of Soft sets and its algorithmMulti-soft sets –
Decomposition of Multi-valued Information Systems – Soft Set
Approach for Conflict Analysis 9

Unit 5: Analytical Methods (Omit Theorems and Proof)

Correlation Analysis
Introduction – types of correlation – scatter diagram method – correlation graph method –
coefficient of correlation – Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient - coefficient of
concurrent deviation – correlation coefficient by the method of least square – Error of the
coefficient of correlation – coefficient of determination.
Regression Analysis
Introduction – graphic methods for studying regression – algebraic method of studying
regression – Regression equation in case of correlation table –standard error of estimate –
ratio of estimate.
Text Books
Unit – 1:
B.N. Basu, “Technical Writing”, PHI, Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi, 2007.
(Chapters: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
Unit – 2:
1. James F. Peters, “Near Sets: General Theory about Nearness of Objects”, Applied
Mathematical Sciences, Vol.1, No. 53, PP 2609-2629, 2007.
2. M.E. Abd El-Monsef, H.M. Abu-Donia, and E.A. Marei, “Special Approach to Near
Set Theory”, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Mathematical Problems in
Engineering, Vol. 2011, Article ID 168501, 10 pages, 2011.
Reference Books:
1. Christopher Henry and James F. Peters, “Arthritic Hand-Finger Movement Similarity
Measurements: Tolerance Near Set Approach”, Hindawi Publishing Corporation,
Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Vol. 2011, Article ID
569898, 14 Pages, 2011.
2. James F. Peters, “Fuzzy Sets, Near Sets, and Rough Sets for your Computational
Intelligence Toolbox”, Foundations of Computational Intelligence Volume 2, Volume
202 Foundations of Computational Intelligence, Springer, PP 3-25, 2009.
Unit – 3:
1. Aboul Ella Hassanien, ZbigniewSuraj, Dominik Slezak andPawanlingras,
Rough Computing, Theories, Technologies, and Applica
2. Dan A. Simovici ,ChabaneDjeraba, “ Mathematical Tools for Data Mining”
Springer,2008(Unit IV - Chapter 9).tions, Information Science reference,
New York, 2008.
10
Unit – 4:
1. Onyeozili, I. A., Gwary T. M, “A Study of the Fundamentals of Soft Set
Theory”, International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research Volume 3,
Issue 4, April 2014.
2. Edi Sutoyo*, MungadMungad, Suraya Hamid, TututHerawan, “An Efficient Soft
Set-Based Approach forConflict Analysis, PLoS ONE,11(2), 2016
3. ZhiKonga, LiqunGaoa, LifuWanga, Steven Li, “The normal parameter
reduction of soft sets and its algorithm”, Computers and Mathematics with
Applications 56 (2008) 3029-3037.
4. M. Irfan Ali, Feng Feng, Xiaoyan Liu, Won Keun Min, M. Shabir,“On some new
operations in soft set theory”,Computers and Mathematics with Applications,57
(2009) 1547-1553.
Unit – 5:
1. K. R. Gupta, Statistics – Volume 1, Atlantic Publishers and Distributers, 2014.
(Chapters 8 and 9).
Reference Books
1. Daniel T. Larose , Chantal D. Larose, Data mining and Predictive analytics,
Second Ed., Wiley Publication, 2015
2. Jason Bell, Machine Learning:Hands-On for Developers and Technical
Professionals, Wiley Publication, 2015.
3. Johannes Ledolter, DATA MINING AND BUSINESS ANALYTICS WITH R,
Wiley & Sons, 2015.
22UPESTR01 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

COURSE OBJECTIVES
 To learn and study the objective and various categories of research.
 To learn about problem identification and formulation.
 To learn about design of experiment.
 To learn about data collection, Analysis and interpretation.
 To acquire knowledge on report writing.

UNIT – I : OBJECTIVES AND TYPES OF RESEARCH

Motivation and objectives – Research methods vs Methodology. Types of research–Descriptive vs
Analytical,
Applied vs. Fundamental, Quantitative vs. Qualitative, Conceptual vs. Empirical.

UNIT – II : RESEARCH FORMULATION

Defining and formulating the research problem - Selecting the problem -Necessity of defining the
problem -
Importance of literature review in defining a problem – Literature review – Primary and secondary
sources
– reviews, treatise, monographs-patents – web as a source – searching the web - Critical literature
review –
Identifying gap areas from literature review - Development of working hypothesis.

UNIT– III : RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Research design – Basic Principles- Need of research design –– Features of good design – Important
concepts relating to research design – Observation and Facts, Laws and Theories, Prediction and
explanation, Induction, Deduction, Development of Models. Developing a research plan -
Exploration,
Description, Diagnosis, and Experimentation. Determining experimental and sample designs.

UNIT- IV : DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Execution of the research - Observation and Collection of data - Methods of data collection –
Sampling
Methods- Data Processing and Analysis strategies - Data Analysis with Statistical Packages -
Hypothesistesting - Generalization and Interpretation.

UNIT – V : REPORTING AND THESIS WRITING

Structure and components of scientific reports - Types of report – Technical reports and thesis –
Significance
– Different steps in the preparation – Layout, structure and Language of typical reports –
Illustrations and
tables -Bibliography, referencing and footnotes - Oral presentation – Planning – Preparation –
Practice –
Making presentation –Use of visual aids - Importance of effective communication – Plagiarism -
Citation
and acknowledgement- Reproducibility and accountability.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Garg, B.L., Karadia, R., Agarwal, F. and Agarwal, U.K., 2002. An introduction to Research
Methodology, RBSA Publishers.
2. Kothari, C.R., 1990. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age
International.418p.
3. Sinha, S.C. and Dhiman, A.K., 2002. Research Methodology, Ess Ess publications.
2volumes.
4. Trochim, W.M.K., 2005. Research Methods: the concise knowledge base, Atomic Dog
Publishing.270p.
5. Wadehra, B.L. 2000. Law relating to patents, trademarks, copyright designs and
geographical indications. Universal Law Publishing.
22RPE01 RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS 2 Credits

THEORY

RPE 01: PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS 3

1. Introduction to philosophy: definition, nature and scope, concept, branches
2. Ethics: definition, moral philosophy, nature of moral judgements and reactions

RPE 02: SCIENTIFIC CONDUCT 5

1. Ethics with respect to science and research
2. Intellectual honesty and research integrity
3. Scientific misconducts: Falsification, Fabrication, and Plagiarism (FFP)
4. Redundant publications: duplicate and overlapping publications, salami slicing Selective
reporting andmisrepresentation of data

RPE 03: PUBLICATION ETHICS 7

1. Publication ethics: definition, introduction and importance
2. Best practices I standards setting initiatives and guidelines: COPE, WAME, etc. 3. Conflicts of
interest
3. Publication misconduct: definition, concept, problems that lead to unethical behavior and vice
versa,
types
4. Violation of publication ethics, authorship and contributor ship Identification of publication
misconduct, complaints and appeals
5. Predatory publishers and journals

PRACTICE
RPE 04: OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING
1. Open access publications and initiatives
2. SHERPA/ROMEO online resource to check publisher copyright & self-archiving policies
3. Software tool to identify predatory publications developed by SPPU
4. Journal finder I journal suggestion tools viz. JANE, Elsevier Journal Finder, Springer Journal
Suggester, etc.

RPE 05: PUBLICATION MISCONDUCT

1. Group Discussions (2 hrs.)
2. Subject specific ethical issues, FFP, authorship
3. Conflicts of interest
4. Complaints and appeals: examples and fraud from India and abroad
5. Software tools (2 hrs.)
6. Use of plagiarism software like Turnitin, Urkund and other open source software tools

RPE 06: DATABASES AND RESEARCH METRICS

Databases
 Indexing databases
 Citation databases: Web of Science, Scopus, etc.
Research Metrics
 Impact Factor of journal as per Journal Citation Report, SNIP, SJR, IPP, Cite Score
 Metrics: h-index, g index, i l0 index, altmetrics
M.Phil. / Ph.D. Syllabus Energy Science and Technology w. e. f. 2022-2023
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Bird, A. (2006). Philosophy of Science. Routledge.
2. Macintyre, Alasdair (1967) A Short History of Ethics. London.
3. P. Chaddah, (2018) Ethics in Competitive Research: Do not get scooped; do not get plagiarized,
ISBN: 978- 9387480865
4. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine.
(2009).
On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition. National
Academies Press.
5. Resnik, D. B. (2011). What is ethics in research & why is it important. National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.niehs.n
ih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/ what is /index. cfm Beall,J.(2012).Predatory publishers are
corrupting open access. Nature, 489(741 5), 179-179.
6. https://doi.org/10 .1 038/489179a
7. Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Ethics in Science Education, Research and Governance
(201 9), ISBN :978-8 l-939482- l -7 . http ://www .insaindia .rcs.in/pdf/Ethics Book .pdf

22RPE01 RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS

THEORY

RPE 01: PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS 3

1. Introduction to philosophy: definition, nature and scope, concept, branches
2. Ethics: definition, moral philosophy, nature of moral judgements and reactions

RPE 02: SCIENTIFIC CONDUCT 5

1. Ethics with respect to science and research
2. Intellectual honesty and research integrity
3. Scientific misconducts: Falsification, Fabrication, and Plagiarism (FFP)
4. Redundant publications: duplicate and overlapping publications, salami slicing Selective
reporting andmisrepresentation of data

RPE 03: PUBLICATION ETHICS 7

1. Publication ethics: definition, introduction and importance
2. Best practices I standards setting initiatives and guidelines: COPE, WAME, etc. 3. Conflicts of
interest
3. Publication misconduct: definition, concept, problems that lead to unethical behavior and vice
versa,
types
4. Violation of publication ethics, authorship and contributor ship Identification of publication
misconduct, complaints and appeals
5. Predatory publishers and journals

PRACTICE
RPE 04: OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING
1. Open access publications and initiatives
2. SHERPA/ROMEO online resource to check publisher copyright & self-archiving policies
3. Software tool to identify predatory publications developed by SPPU
4. Journal finder I journal suggestion tools viz. JANE, Elsevier Journal Finder, Springer Journal
Suggester, etc.

RPE 05: PUBLICATION MISCONDUCT

1. Group Discussions (2 hrs.)
2. Subject specific ethical issues, FFP, authorship
3. Conflicts of interest
4. Complaints and appeals: examples and fraud from India and abroad
5. Software tools (2 hrs.)
6. Use of plagiarism software like Turnitin, Urkund and other open source software tools

RPE 06: DATABASES AND RESEARCH METRICS

Databases
 Indexing databases
 Citation databases: Web of Science, Scopus, etc.
Research Metrics
 Impact Factor of journal as per Journal Citation Report, SNIP, SJR, IPP, Cite Score
 Metrics: h-index, g index, i l0 index, altmetrics
M.Phil. / Ph.D. Syllabus Energy Science and Technology w. e. f. 2022-2023

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Bird, A. (2006). Philosophy of Science. Routledge.
2. Macintyre, Alasdair (1967) A Short History of Ethics. London.
3. P. Chaddah, (2018) Ethics in Competitive Research: Do not get scooped; do not get plagiarized,
ISBN: 978- 9387480865
4. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine.
(2009).
On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition. National
Academies Press.
5. Resnik, D. B. (2011). What is ethics in research & why is it important. National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.niehs.n
ih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/ what is /index. cfm Beall,J.(2012).Predatory publishers are
corrupting open access. Nature, 489(741 5), 179-179.
6. https://doi.org/10 .1 038/489179a
7. Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Ethics in Science Education, Research and Governance
(201 9), ISBN :978-8 l-939482- l -7 . http ://www .insaindia .rcs.in/pdf/Ethics Book .pdf