Section: A

Q1.
i. C Achievable
ii. B Not taking feedback
iii. A Hard working
iv. B Operating System
v. B Public communication
vi. A Both (A) and ( R ) are true and ( R ) is the correct explanation for (A)
Q2.
i. B Relevant and Authentic Training Data
ii. D Automatic Summarization
iii. D Digital alarm clock that rings at a set time every morning.
iv. A Care
v. C Describing the level of self-awareness someone has, starting from realizing weaknesses, strengths, to
recognizing their own feelings.
vi. B Website
Q3.
i. C Recall
ii. B Problem scoping, Data Acquisition, Data Exploration, Modelling, Evaluation.
iii. C Data Science
iv. C Instance Segmentation
v. B when a spam email is mistakenly identified as legitimate.
vi. D Stock Market Analysis
Q4.
i. D Statement 2 is correct and Statement 1 is incorrect.
ii. A Clustering
iii. C Natural Language Processing (NLP)
iv. D A music streaming platform that suggests songs and playlists based on user listening history.
v. Google, Bing, Yahoo, Baidu, Yandex, DuckDuckGo, Ask.com, AOL Search, WolframAlpha,
Ecosia, StartPage, Swisscows, Gibiru, Yippy.
vi. C. To assess how well the chosen model will work in future.
Q5.
i. C. (A) is true and ( R ) is false.
ii. C Artificial Intelligence
iii. B. Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are incorrect.
iv. B Computer Vision
v. A When
vi. C Natural Language Processing
Q6. Give two examples of how individual choices and behaviors can contribute in achieving sustainable
development.
1. Reducing Energy Consumption: Individuals can conserve energy by turning off lights when not in use, unplugging
electronics, using energy-efficient appliances, and choosing renewable energy sources where possible. These actions
reduce carbon emissions and lessen the demand for non-renewable resources.
2. Water Conservation: Individuals can conserve water by fixing leaks, taking shorter showers, using water-saving
appliances, and harvesting rainwater. Conserving water helps preserve freshwater resources and reduces energy
consumption associated with water treatment and distribution.
3. Promoting Sustainable Transportation: Individuals can reduce their carbon footprint by using public transportation,
carpooling, biking, walking, or driving fuel-efficient vehicles. These actions decrease greenhouse gas emissions,
alleviate traffic congestion, and promote healthier lifestyles.
4. Supporting Sustainable Food Choices: Individuals can make sustainable food choices by reducing meat consumption,
choosing locally sourced and organic foods, minimizing food waste, and supporting sustainable agriculture practices.
These actions reduce the environmental impact of food production, conserve biodiversity, and promote healthier diets.
5. Minimizing Waste: Individuals can minimize waste by practicing the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), avoiding single-use
plastics, composting organic waste, and choosing products with minimal packaging. These actions conserve natural
resources, reduce pollution, and minimize the burden on landfills.
6. Supporting Eco-Friendly Products and Companies: Individuals can support businesses that prioritize sustainability
by purchasing eco-friendly products, choosing brands with transparent supply chains and ethical practices, and investing
in sustainable companies. Consumer demand drives market trends and influences corporate behavior towards more
sustainable practices.
7. Advocating for Policy Change: Individuals can advocate for policies that promote sustainability by contacting
policymakers, participating in grassroots movements, supporting environmentally conscious legislation and initiatives,
and voting for candidates with strong environmental platforms. Civic engagement and activism can drive systemic
change and influence government priorities.
8. Educating and Inspiring Others: Individuals can educate themselves and others about sustainability issues, share
information and resources, and inspire positive change through personal actions and community involvement. Raising
awareness and fostering a culture of sustainability can create a ripple effect and mobilize collective action towards a
more sustainable future.
Q7. List any two misconceptions about entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurs are always successful: Entrepreneurship is only about making money
Entrepreneurs are born, not made Entrepreneurship is glamorous and easy
Entrepreneurs must have a revolutionary idea Entrepreneurs are lone
wolves: Entrepreneurship is only for young people: Entrepreneurship guarantees
freedom and work-life balance:
Q8. What is the importance of time management in effectively dealing with stress? Provide any one strategy for
improving time management skills to reduce stress.
1. Prioritization: Effective time management helps individuals identify their priorities and
allocate time and resources accordingly. By focusing on tasks that are most important and
urgent, individuals can reduce feelings of overwhelm and stress caused by trying to tackle
everything at once.
2. Efficiency and Productivity: Proper time management techniques, such as setting goals,
creating schedules, and using productivity tools, help individuals work more efficiently and
accomplish tasks in less time. Increased productivity reduces the pressure of looming deadlines
and minimizes the likelihood of feeling stressed due to unfinished work.
3. Better Decision-Making: Time management encourages individuals to make informed
decisions about how to use their time wisely. By evaluating the importance and urgency of
tasks, individuals can make strategic choices about where to invest their time and energy,
leading to better outcomes and reduced stress from decision fatigue.
4. Proactive Problem Solving: Effective time management enables individuals to plan ahead
and anticipate potential challenges or obstacles. By identifying potential stressors in advance,
individuals can develop proactive strategies to mitigate or prevent stress, rather than reacting
to crises as they arise.
5. Work-Life Balance: Time management promotes a healthy work-life balance by helping
individuals allocate time for work, leisure, relationships, self-care, and other priorities.
Balancing responsibilities and personal activities reduces the risk of burnout and helps
individuals recharge, leading to lower overall stress levels.
6. Reduced Procrastination: Procrastination often leads to increased stress as deadlines
approach and tasks pile up. Effective time management techniques, such as breaking tasks into
smaller, manageable steps and setting realistic deadlines, help individuals overcome
procrastination and maintain a steady pace of progress, thereby reducing stress associated
with last-minute rushes and cramming.
7. Increased Control and Confidence: By mastering time management skills, individuals gain a
sense of control over their schedules and responsibilities. This sense of control boosts
confidence and reduces feelings of helplessness or overwhelm, empowering individuals to
effectively manage stress and navigate challenges with greater resilience.
Assess Current Time Usage:
 Start by assessing how you currently spend your time. Keep a detailed log of your activities for a week
to identify patterns and areas where time is being wasted or underutilized.
 Reflect on which tasks or activities contribute most to your stress levels and which ones are essential for
your well-being and productivity.
Set Clear Goals and Priorities:
 Define your short-term and long-term goals, both personal and professional. Ensure that these goals are
specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).
 Prioritize your tasks and activities based on their importance and urgency. Use techniques like
Eisenhower's Urgent/Important Matrix to categorize tasks and focus on high-priority items.
Create a Time Management Plan:
  Develop a structured daily, weekly, or monthly schedule that outlines when you will work on specific
tasks and activities. Use tools like calendars, planners, or time management apps to organize your
schedule effectively.
 Allocate dedicated time blocks for different types of activities, including work, study, exercise,
relaxation, and socializing. Be realistic about the time needed for each task and allow for breaks to
prevent burnout.
Implement Time Management Techniques:
 Break tasks into smaller, manageable chunks to make them less overwhelming and easier to tackle. Use
techniques like the Pomodoro Technique (working in short bursts with breaks) to maintain focus and
productivity.
 Practice the 2-Minute Rule: if a task takes less than two minutes to complete, do it immediately rather
than procrastinating.
 Use time blocking to allocate specific time slots for different types of tasks or projects, minimizing
distractions and multitasking.
Minimize Distractions and Time Wasters:
 Identify common distractions in your environment, such as social media, email notifications, or
unnecessary meetings, and take steps to minimize or eliminate them.
 Set boundaries with colleagues, friends, and family members to protect your focused work time.
Consider using tools like website blockers or productivity apps to limit distractions.
Practice Self-Care and Relaxation Techniques:
 Prioritize self-care activities, such as exercise, meditation, mindfulness, and hobbies, to recharge and
reduce stress levels.
 Schedule regular breaks throughout your day to rest and rejuvenate. Avoid overcommitting yourself and
learn to say no to tasks or commitments that don't align with your priorities.
Regularly Review and Adjust Your Plan:
 Periodically review your time management plan to assess its effectiveness and make adjustments as
needed. Be flexible and willing to adapt your schedule based on changing priorities or circumstances.
 Reflect on your progress and celebrate achievements, no matter how small. Recognize areas where
you've improved and identify areas for further growth.

Q9. Mention two measures that individuals or organizations can take to protect their data from theft and viruses.

1. Install Antivirus Software: Use FirewallsEnable Automatic Updates:

2. Use Strong Passwords and Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA):
3. Encrypt Data: Implement Access Controls: Backup Data Regularly:
4. Train Employees: Secure Mobile Devices: Monitor and Audit
Systems:
Q10. Write the four factors on the basis of which you can choose the right method of communication.

1. Nature of the Message: Consider the type of message you need to convey. Is it
simple or complex? Is it formal or informal? Certain messages may be better suited for
face-to-face communication or written communication, depending on their complexity
and sensitivity.
2. Urgency: Determine how quickly the message needs to be delivered and responded
to. For urgent matters requiring immediate attention, real-time communication
methods like phone calls, instant messaging, or face-to-face conversations may be
more appropriate than email or written correspondence.
3. Audience Preferences: Take into account the preferences and communication styles
of your audience. Some individuals may prefer certain communication channels over
others, so it's essential to choose a method that aligns with their preferences and
needs.
4. Accessibility: Consider the accessibility of communication channels for all parties
involved. Ensure that the chosen method of communication is accessible to everyone
and accommodates any potential accessibility needs, such as visual or hearing
impairments.
5. Privacy and Security: Evaluate the sensitivity of the information being communicated
and choose a communication method that ensures privacy and security. For
confidential or sensitive information, encrypted communication channels or secure
platforms may be necessary to prevent unauthorized access or interception.
6. Complexity of Information: Determine the complexity of the information being
conveyed. For complex topics requiring detailed explanations or visual aids, face-to-
face meetings, video conferences, or presentations may be more effective than written
communication alone.
7. Cost and Resources: Consider the cost and resources associated with different
communication methods. Some methods, such as email or instant messaging, may be
cost-effective and efficient for routine communication, while others, like travel for face-
to-face meetings, may require more significant investments of time and resources.
8. Time and Location Constraints: Take into account any time or location constraints
that may impact communication. If participants are located in different time zones or
geographical locations, asynchronous communication methods like email or project
management tools may be more practical than real-time communication.
9. Emotional Context: Consider the emotional context of the message and the
importance of non-verbal cues in conveying tone and emotion. Face-to-face
communication or video conferencing allows for better interpretation of facial
expressions, body language, and tone of voice compared to written communication
alone.
10. Feedback and Interaction: Evaluate the need for immediate feedback or
interaction. Real-time communication methods like phone calls or video conferences
facilitate immediate feedback and interaction, while asynchronous methods like email
may involve delays in response times.
Q11. Differentiate between machine learning and Deep learning.

Machine learning Deep learning

A subset of AI A subset of machine learning
Can train on smaller data sets Requires large amounts of data
Requires more human intervention to correct Learns on its own from environment and past mistakes
and learn
Shorter training and lower accuracy Longer training and higher accuracy
Makes simple, linear correlations Makes non-linear, complex correlations
Can train on a CPU (central processing unit) Needs a specialized GPU (graphics processing unit) to
train
Q12. What are the primary differences between Script-bots and Smart-bots?
Q13. What do you mean by evaluation of an AI model? Also explain the concept of overfitting with respect to AI model
Evaluation.
The process of using different evaluation metrics to understand a machine learning model's performance, as well as its
strengths and weaknesses.
Overfitting causes the model to misrepresent the data from which it learned. An overfitted model will be less accurate
on new, similar data than a model which is more generally fitted, but the overfitted one will appear to have a higher
accuracy when you apply it to the training data.
Q14. which supervised or unsupervised learning method is good for predicting diseases? Explain

In healthcare, supervised machine learning approaches are widely implemented in disease prediction [26], identifying
hospital outcomes [14], and image detection [27] to name a few. Applying supervised learning algorithms to EHR data
will result in the creation of robust risk stratification and classification models which accurately reflect the complex and
longitudinal nature of disease (e.g. multiple morbidities) and provide insight into the underlying disease prognostic
factors.
Q15. What role does data play in AI based applications? Name any two sources of online data collection for building
any AI based applications.
Data feeds algorithms, powers analytics, and creates the patterns that AI systems need to function.
Automated data collection. Data.gov. UCI Machine Learning Repository. One of the oldest dataset
aggregators on the web. All datasets are user-contributed, and you can download them from the UCI.
Google's Open Images. Amazon Datasets – lots of datasets stored in S3, available for quick
deployment if you're using AWS.

Q16. Differentiate between grayscale and RGB images.

An RGB image has three color channels: Red channel, Green channel and Blue channel. However, a grayscale image
has just one channel. Grayscale images are composed exclusively of shades of gray which ranges from black to
white. RGB color images are made up of red, green, and blue light.
Q17. What are Neural Networks? Briefly explain all the layers of a neural network.
A neural network is a machine learning program, or model, that makes decisions in a manner similar to the human brain,
by using processes that mimic the way. neural network is a method in artificial intelligence that teaches computers to
process data in a way that is inspired by the human brain.

A neural network is made up of vertically stacked components called Layers. Each dotted line in the image represents a
layer. There are three types of layers in a NN-

Input Layer– First is the input layer. This layer will accept the data and pass it to the rest of the network.
Hidden Layer– The second type of layer is called the hidden layer. Hidden layers are either one or more in number for
a neural network. In the above case, the number is 1. Hidden layers are the ones that are actually responsible for the
excellent performance and complexity of neural networks. They perform multiple functions at the same time such as
data transformation, automatic feature creation, etc.
Output layer– The last type of layer is the output layer. The output layer holds the result or the output of the problem.
Raw images get passed to the input layer and we receive output in the output layer. For example- In this case, we are
providing an image of a vehicle and this output layer will provide an output whether it is an emergency or non-
emergency vehicle, after passing through the input and hidden layers of course.
Q18. Give any four examples of applications of AI that we see around us.
E-Commerce: Personalized Shopping. AI-Powered Assistants. Fraud Prevention.

Education: Administrative Tasks Automated to Aid Educators, Creating Smart Content, Voice Assistants, Personalized
Learning,

Lifestyle: Autonomous Vehicles, Spam Filters, Facial Recognition, Recommendation System.

Navigation: Robotics: Carrying goods in hospitals, factories, and warehouses. Cleaning offices and large equipment

Inventory management.

Human Resource: Healthcare: Agriculture: Gaming: Automobiles: Social Media: Marketing: Chatbots: Finance:
Astronomy:

 Data Security: Identifies Unknown Threats. Flaw Identification. Threat Prevention. Responding to Threats.
Recognize Uncharacterised Action.

 Travel and Transport: Heavy Goods Transportation. Traffic Management. Ride-Sharing. Route Planning.

 Automotive Industry: Manufacturing, Supply Chain, Passenger and Driver Experience, Inspections, Quality Control.

Q19. Implement four steps of the Bag of Words (BoW).