ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN THI HKI – LỚP 12

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Find your fitness match with FitMate
"Are you ready to reach your fitness goals? Imagine having a partner who shares the same (1) ______ for
staying active and healthy as you do. Whether you're into intense workouts or prefer (2) ______ lighter
exercises, FitMate is here to help! This (3) ______ connects you with individuals who have similar fitness
goals. By joining FitMate, you'll (4) ______ the motivation and support you need to stay consistent.
Whether you're looking to meet new workout buddies or just stay accountable, FitMate (5) ______ it easy.
Start your journey now and take a step closer to having the healthier lifestyle you've always (6) ______."
Question 1. A. Enthusiast B. enthusiasm C. enthusiastic D. enthusiastically
Question 2. A. about B. for C. over D. with
Question 3. A. platform fitness new B. fitness new platform C. new fitness platform D. new platform
fitness
Question 4. A. had B. having C. to have D. have
Question 5. A. makes B. gives C. does D. takes
Question 6. A. wanted B. to want C. to wanting D. wants
Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Earthquake Shakes the City
A powerful earthquake struck the city early this morning, leaving residents (1) ______ by the sudden
disaster. The 7.8-magnitude quake caused (2) ______ damage to buildings and infrastructure, disrupting
transportation and utilities.
The earthquake, (3) ______ at 4:30 AM, caused widespread panic as people ran into the streets for safety.
Emergency services were quick to respond, providing aid to those (4) ______ need of medical attention
and shelter. Despite their efforts, the recovery process is expected to (5) ______ weeks or even months due
to the extent of the destruction.
Now, the city is focused on rebuilding, with many volunteers joining hands to (6) ______ hope and
stability to the community.
Question 1. A. terrify B. terrified C. terrifying D. terrifies
Question 2. A. massive structural B. structural massive C. structure massive D. massively structural
Question 3. A. which struck B. struck C. that strikes D. striking
Question 4. A. on B. in C. at D. with
Question 5. A. take B. make C. do D. give
Question 6. A. restoring B. restore C. restored D. being restored
Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option
that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
The Importance of Recycling
Recycling is a critical practice that (7) ______ the environment and conserves natural resources. It (8)
______ waste from landfills, reducing pollution and protecting wildlife. For example, recycling plastic
helps decrease the (9) ______ of harmful materials in nature. Many governments and organizations (10)
______ programs to encourage recycling habits among individuals and businesses. (11) ______ these
efforts, awareness about the importance of recycling is gradually increasing. However, there are still (12)
______ challenges in implementing effective recycling systems worldwide.
Question 7. A. protects B. prevents C. includes D. creates
Question 8. A. accumulates B. separates C. removes D. combines
Question 9. A. amount B. number C. extent D. range
Question 10. A. have launched B. are launching C. launch D. had launched
Question 11. A. Despite B. Because C. As a result of D. Instead of
Question 12. A. major B. minor C. little D. common
Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option
that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
Water Conservation Tips
Fix Leaks
A dripping tap (7) ______ waste up to 15 liters of water a day. (8) ______ small leaks might seem
insignificant, they can add up to a significant loss over time. Fixing leaks promptly is an easy way to (9)
______ water.
Use Water Wisely
When brushing your teeth, turn (10) ______ the tap to avoid wasting water. This simple step can save a
(11) ______ amount of water each day. Additionally, collect rainwater to (12) ______ your garden instead
of using a hosepipe.
Question 7. A. could B. must C. should D. announcing
Question 8. A. Even though B. Because C. While D. Since
Question 9. A. store B. save C. control D. provide
Question 10. A. out B. down C. off D. up
Question 11. A. large B. plenty C. small D. vast
Question 12. A. plant B. water C. clean D. fertilize
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or
sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17
13. a. Tom: Good morning, Alice! Did you sleep well?
b. Alice: Yes, thank you. How about you?
c. Alice: Good morning, Tom!
A. a - b – c B.c- b – a C. b - c- a D. c - a - b
14. a. Jack: Morning, Emily! It was good, thanks. I went hiking with some friends. How about you?
b. Emily: Good morning, Jack! How was your weekend?
c. Emily: Sounds fun! I had a relaxing weekend at home. Hey, have you seen the agenda?
d. Emily: Alright, thanks. Oh, and don't forget, we have that client presentation at 2 PM.
e. Jack: Not yet. Let me check my email.
A. a - b-c-d – e B.c-b-a - e-d C. b-a -c-e-d D.c-a - b-d - e
15. Dear Giang,
a. Distance may keep us apart, but my love for you only grows stronger.
b. I miss you more with each passing day.
c. I cherish the moments we shared, and I hold onto the hope of being together soon.
d. Our love knows no bounds, transcending the miles that separate us.
e. Every day brings us closer to our reunion, and I eagerly wait for that day.
f. You are my guiding star, my source of strength, and my reason to smile.
With all my love, Ho.
A. a - b-c-d-e-f B.f-e-d-c-b-a C.b-a-d-c-f-e D.e-f-c-d-a - b
16. a. Furthermore, highly educated women have opportunities to become leaders at work.
b. Secondly, educated women can both take care of their children and fulfil their job requirements.
c. In conclusion, there should be no sex discrimination in our society nowadays.
d. Their incomes are higher and higher. Why has the situation changed lately?
e. Firstly, girls who stay at school longer can build their good backgrounds.
f. The number of women who become highly educated labourers is increasing.
A. f-d -e - b- a – c B. d- a - c- f-e – b C. b-a - e - c-d -f D.d- c-e-a - b-f
17. a. All in all, sharing child-rearing and housework helps make a full house.
b. That is why more and more fathers are loved by both their wives and their children.
c. Additionally, housework helps men sympathise with their wives.
d. Firstly, they have a chance to bond with their children and improve their relationships.
e. In my opinion, men sometimes should stay home, take care of their children and do housework.
f. Secondly, children instructed by their fathers should become stronger and stronger.
 A. f-a-c-d -b – e B.e-d-f-c-a -b C. e-f-b-d -c-a D.b-d - e-c-f-a
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or
sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.
13. a. Alice: How about the park by the lake?
b. Ben: That sounds great! Where should we go?
c. Alice: Hey, do you want to go for a picnic this weekend?
A. a-c-b B. c-a-b C. c-b-a D. b-a-c
14. a. Mia: I love how we turn off the lights for an hour to save energy.
b. Jake: Exactly! It's a simple way to remind everyone about climate change.
c. Mia: Let's invite some friends to join us and make it more fun!
d. Jake: Yes, I am! It's a great way to help the planet.
e. Mia: Are you going to participate in Earth Hour this year?
A. b-a-e-d-c B. c-e-a-b-d C. e-d-a-b-c D. d-b-c-a-e
15. Dear Sarah,
a. It was a refreshing break that I will cherish for a long time.
b. I enjoyed hiking and exploring new trails, and I even spotted some wildlife along the way.
c. The scenery was breathtaking, with stunning views and fresh air that made it all worthwhile.
d. T hope this letter finds you well.
e. I wanted to share the exciting details of my recent trip to the mountains.
Yours faithfully,
Emily
A. e-c-a-b-d B. a-b-d-c-e C. d-e-c-b-a D. b-d-e-a-c
16. a. They bring people together, fostering a sense of belonging and unity among participants.
b. Festivals in Vietnam offer a vibrant celebration of culture and community.
c. These events showcase traditional music, dance, and cuisine, allowing attendees to experience the rich
heritage of the country.
d. Overall, they create a joyful atmosphere that promotes cultural exchange and strengthens social bonds.
e. Festivals also boost local economies by attracting tourists, which helps small businesses thrive.
A. d-e-a-b-c B. a-e-c-b-d C. b-a-c-e-d D. c-b-d-a-e
17. a. Urban sprawl in Hanoi has accelerated in recent years due to rapid population growth and economic
development.
b. The city's infrastructure struggles to keep pace with the increasing demand for housing and services.
c. As neighborhoods expand, agricultural land is converted into residential and commercial areas.
d. This growth leads to environmental concerns, including air pollution and traffic congestion.
e. Balancing development with sustainable practices remains a significant challenge for Hanoi's future.
A. c-a-d-b-e B. e-d-c-b-a C. b-d-e-c-a D. a-b-c-d-e
Read the following passage about effective English language learning and mark the letter A, B, C or D
on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.
Exercise is not only important for physical health but also plays a vital role in improving mental well-
being. Firstly, physical activity helps reduce stress and anxiety. When we exercise, our body releases
endorphins, (18) _____. These chemicals are known as "feel-good" hormones, which can uplift our mood
and help us feel more relaxed. Secondly, exercise can improve sleep quality. (19) _____ It helps regulate
our sleep cycle and ensures that we get the rest we need. Thirdly, regular exercise can enhance our self-
esteem. It provides a sense of accomplishment and improves our confidence as we achieve our fitness
goals. Additionally, exercise improves brain function and cognitive abilities. Activities such as yoga or
aerobics (20) _____ improve focus and decision-making skills. Moreover, group exercises or team sports
provide opportunities to connect with others, which (21) _____ builds a supportive social network. This
social interaction can prevent feelings of isolation and loneliness. In conclusion, incorporating regular
exercise into our routine is essential for a healthy mind and body, allowing us to (22) _____ maintain a
balanced and positive lifestyle.
Question 18. A. which help us feel happier. B. it helps us feel happier.
 C. which helps us feel happier. D. helping us feel happier
Question 19. A. When we engage in physical activities. B. Engages in physical activities.
C. To engage in physical activities. D. Having engaged in physical activities.
Question 20. A. improves concentration. B. improved concentration.
C. improving concentration. D. improve concentration.
Question 21. A. builds a supportive social network. B. creating a supportive social network.
C. builds supportive networks socially. D. supportive social networks are built.
Question 22. A. maintain a balanced and positive lifestyle.
B. maintaining a lifestyle that is balanced and positive.
C. balances a positive lifestyle.
D. balancing lifestyles positively and healthily.
Read the following passage about effective English language learning and mark the letter A, B, C or
Don your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.
Deforestation is a serious environmental issue that (18) ____ biodiversity and contributes to climate
change. As forests are destroyed, many species lose their habitats, which (19)____ their survival. In
addition, the loss of trees reduces the Earth's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide, (20) _____ global
warming. Deforestation also affects local communities that rely on forests for their livelihoods. In countries
like Brazil and Indonesia, (21) _____ has led to widespread environmental damage. This has contributed to
soil erosion, reduced water quality, and increased flooding, which (22) _____ to further environmental
degradation. Moreover, deforestation can disrupt the water cycle, leading to droughts in some regions and
flooding in others. Scientists warn that unless deforestation is halted, (23) _____ devastating long-term
effects on the planet.
Question 18. A. severely harms B. severely harmed C. is severely harming D. has severely harmed
Question 19. A. impacts their ability to B. impacts on their ability to
C. impacts their ability D. impact to their ability
Question 20. A. and accelerates B. accelerating to C. accelerating D. accelerates
Question 21. A. clearing land for agricultural purposes B. cleared land for agricultural purposes
C. clear land for agricultural purposes D. clears land for agricultural purposes
Question 22. A. is contributing B. it contributes C. it has contributed D. contributes
Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
How long will a baby born today live? 100 years? 120 years? Scientists are studying genes that
could mean long life for us all.
There are already many, many people who have passed the landmark age of 100. In fact, there are
now so many healthy, elderly people that there's a name for them: the wellderly. These are people over the
age of eighty who have no major illnesses, such as high blood pressure, heart disease or diabetes.
There are many scientific studies of communities where healthy old age is typical. These include
places like Calabria in southern Italy and the island of Okinawa in Japan. In Calabria, the small village of
Molochio has about 2,000 inhabitants. And of these, there are at least eight people over a hundred years
old. When researchers ask people like this the secret of their long life, the answer is almost always about
food and is almost always the same: '1 eat a lot of fruit and vegetables.' 'I eat a little bit of everything. I
neither smoke nor drink.'
In the past, scientists looked at things such as diet and lifestyle for an explanation of long life, but
these days they are also looking at genetics. Researcher Eric Topol says that there must be genes that
explain why people are protected from the effects of aging process. The new research into long life did
scrutinize groups of people who have a genetic connection. One interesting group lives in Ecuador. In one
area of the country there are a number of people with the same genetic condition. It's called Laron
syndrome. These people don't grow very tall - just over one metre. But Laron syndrome also give them
protection against cancer and diabetes. As a result, they live longer than other people in their families.
Meanwhile, on the Hawaiian island of Oahu, there's another group of long-lived men, Japanese-Americans.
They have a similar gene to the Laron syndrome group.
 Back in Calabria, researchers constructed the family trees of the 100-year-old people. They looked
at family information from the 19th century to today. It is concluded that there are genetic factors that give
health benefits to the men. This is a surprising result because generally in Europe, women live longer than
men. So what really makes people live longer? It seems likely that it is an interaction of genes, the
environment and probably a third factor - luck.
23. Which of the following is NOT true about the Laron syndrome?
A. This syndrome is a health problem for groups of people in Ecuador and Hawaii.
B. It is the result of a genetic condition.
C. People diagnosed with this syndrome are prone to diabetes.
D. Ecuadorians having Laron syndrome are approximately one metre tall.
24. The word "elderly" in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _______.
A. short-list B. short-sighted C. short-lived D. short-tempered
25. The word "they" in paragraph 4 refers to _______.
A. scientists B. explanations C. things D. diet and lifestyle
26. The word "scrutinize" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to_______.
A. weigh B. peruse C. inspect D. discover
27. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Researcher Eric Topol says that some genes can give us the reason for our aging process.
B. Researcher Eric Topol says that some genes can cause effects on our aging process.
C. Researcher Eric Topol says that some genes can make our aging process shorter.
D. Researcher Eric Topol says that some genes can slow down our aging process.
28. Who is TRUE about the wellderly?
A. They are old people with health problems.
B. They are young people with health problems.
C. They are young people without health problems.
D. They are old people without health problems.
29. In which paragraph does the writer mention that most people talk about what to eat as the secret of their
long life?
A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5
30. In which paragraph does the writer mention that fortune may be also a factor of their long life?
A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5
Read the following passage about smart energy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.
SMART ENERGY
The upcoming decades will bring significant changes in energy supply and consumption. As some
major oil-producing countries have already reached 'peak oil' and concerns about global warming rise,
many nations are prioritizing the transition to a low-carbon economy, which will transform electricity
supply and usage. [I] Firstly, there will be an increase in overall demand, as consumers switch from oil and
gas to electricity to power their homes and vehicles. [II] Secondly, there will be an increase in power
generation, not only in terms of how much is generated, but also how it is generated, as there is growing
electricity generation from renewable sources. [III] To meet these challenges, countries are investing in
Smart Grid technology. [IV] This system aims to provide the electricity industry with a better
understanding of power generation and demand, and to use this information to create a more efficient
power network.
Smart meters can be integrated with the internet or telephone networks. This connectivity
enables customers to control their appliances from a distance. For instance, individuals can turn devices on
or off remotely, providing added convenience. Overall, the system offers significant benefits in managing
energy usage. By analyzing real-time data, it allows for better decision-making.
This technology not only improves efficiency but also supports cost savings. Ultimately, the integration of
smart technology will enhance user experience and system management.
 The coming decades will bring significant shifts in energy supply and usage. A problem is the fact
that many renewable power generation sources are located in remote areas, such as windy uplands and
coastal regions, where there is currently a lack of electrical infrastructure. New infrastructures therefore
must be built. Thankfully, with improved smart technology, this can be done more efficiently by reducing
the reinforcement or construction costs.
Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to promote and test it are already
underway. Consumers are currently testing the new smart meters which can be used in their homes to
manage electricity use. There are also a number of demonstrations being planned to show how the smart
technology could practically work, and trials are in place to test the new electrical infrastructure. It is here
where Smart Technology is likely to be promoted first, utilizing a range of sustainable power sources,
transport solutions and an infrastructure for charging electrically powered vehicles. The infrastructure is
already changing fast.
31. Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?
There is also likely more electricity generation centres, as households and communities take up the
opportunity to install photovoltaic cells and small scale wind turbines.
A. [I] В. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]
32. The word "remote" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by _______.
A. attractive B. alone C. isolated D. crowded
33. The word "underway" in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_______.
A. beneficial B. permanent C. complete D. in progress
34. The word "this" in paragraph 2 refers to_______.
A. renewable power generation B. reducing the reinforcement
C. building new infrastructure D. shifts in energy supply and usage
35. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Smart Grid technology to consumers?
A. It can tell them how much energy each appliance is using.
B. It can reduce the amount of energy needed to power appliances.
C. It can allow them to turn appliances on and off when they are not at home.
D. It can reduce their electricity bills.
36. Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 4?
A. Upcoming decades will see major shifts in energy supply and consumption.
B. Smart technology trials and demonstrations are currently underway for consumers.
C. Energy transitions require new infrastructure, aided by efficient smart technology.
D. New system reduces costs, improves energy management, and enhances convenience.
37. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Renewable power generation sources are found in urban areas.
B. Despite being in its early stages, pilot schemes for Smart Technology are already in progress.
C. Some major oil-producing countries have yet to reach 'peak oil' as concerns about global
warming increase.
D. The new computer system will not significantly reduce operational and maintenance costs.
38. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?
A. By integrating with the internet or telephone networks, smart meters enable customers to control
appliances remotely.
B. Smart meters can connect to the internet or telephone networks.
C. Smart meters provide significant benefits for managing energy usage.
D. Individuals can remotely turn devices on or off, enhancing convenience.
39. Which of the following can be inferred about cities in the future?
A. People in cities will be using cars and buses powered by electricity.
B. Smart Grid technology will only be available in cities.
C. All buildings will generate their own electricity.
D. More people will be living in cities in the future than nowadays.
40. What is the main idea of the final paragraph?
A. To describe how, where and when Smart Technology will be introduced.
B. To summarise the main ideas in the previous paragraphs.
C. To outline the advantages of Smart Grid technology.
D. To describe who will benefit from Smart Grid technology first.