Preparatory Functions

For CNC Machining Centre

Cod Mo Example Notes

e dal
G20 Imperial units √ All dimensional values are in imperial (inch) system
X, Y, Z, …. Are in “inch”, Feed is in inch/rev or inch/min & speed is in rpm or inch/min
G21 Metric units √ All dimensional values are in SI (metric) system
X, Y, Z, …. Are in “mm”, Feed is in mm/rev or mm/min & speed is in rpm or m/min
G90 Absolute √ • To move from point ‘1’ to ‘2’ to ‘3’ to ‘4’ to ‘5’ all the distances are taken from
dimensioning the origin. i.e.
N20 Xx1 Yy1
N22 Xx2 Yy2
N24 Xx3 Yy3
N26 Xx4 Yy4
N28 Xx5 Yy5
G91 Incremental √ • To move from point ‘1’ to ‘2’ to ‘3’ to ‘4’ to ‘5’ all the distances are taken from the
dimensioning its previous point . i.e.
N20 X(x1 – 0) Y(y1 – 0)
N22 X(x2 – x1) Y(y2 – y1)
N24 X(x3 – x2) Y(y3 – y2)
N26 X(x4 – x3) Y(y4 – y3)
N28 X(x5 – x4) Y(y5 – y4)

G00 Rapid √ Left figure: Start point (0,0) & end point (5,12)
positioning N20 G00 X5 Y12

Right figure: Start point (5,12,0) & end point

(5,12,100)
N20 G00 X5 Z100

• If feed value is programmed, it will be ignored

• Although it is accepted, but avoid using G00 when moving in z-direction with any
of motion in x or y
G01 Linear √ N23 G01 X12 Z34 F40 • Move with a feed value 40 to the point X=13 & Z =34
interpolation • Feed value must be programmed in the same block or in a previous block

G02 Circular √
interpolation
(CW)
G03 Circular √
interpolation
(CCW)

G04 Dwell N23 G04 X2.5 • It is a time pause (delay) applied during program processing
N23 G04 U2.5 • Always programmed in a separate block
N23 G04 P2500 • In this time period any axis motion is stopped, while all other program commands
and functions remain unchanged. When the specified time expires, control system
resumes processing of program block.
• If decimal point is used, then the delay is in seconds. If not, so it is in milliseconds.
In the example it is 2.5 seconds.
 • U is used with turning.
G15 Polar N2 G17 G40 G80
Coordinate N3 G90 G54 G00 X0 Y0 S900 M03 (PIVOT
Command POINT)
cancel N4 G43 Z1.0 H01 M08
G16 Polar √ N5 G16 (POLAR COORDINATES ON)
Coordinate N6 G99 G81 X6.8 Y0 R0.1 Z-0.163 F3.0
Command N7 X6.8 Y60.0
N8 X6.8 Y120.0
N9 X6.8 Y180.0
N10 X6.8 Y240.0
N11 X6.8 Y300.0
N12 G15 (POLAR COORDINATES OFF)
N13 G80 M09
N14 G91 G28 Z0 M05
N15 G28 X0 Y0
G17 XY-plane √ • Cutting is in plane X - Y
designation

G18 ZX-plane √ • Cutting in plane Z – X

designation
G19 YZ-plane √ • Cutting in plane Y – Z
designation

G28 Machine zero Sends any programmed slide to its machine G28 is not programmed by itself alone in a block. It must be written with slide, X, Y or Z;
return reference (zero) position such as:
N67 G28 Y.. sends the Y-axis to machine zero reference
N67 G28 Z.. sends the X & Y-axes to machine zero reference
N67 G28 X.. Y.. Z.. sends all three specified axes to machine zero
reference position (note that it is not preferred to program Z with
the other axes. Thus, going to the machine reference from the
intermediate point (9.5,4.874,-0.1)
N222 G28 Z-0.1
N223 G28 X9.5 Y4.874

G40 Cutter radius √ It cancels the radius compensation

compensation
cancel
G41 Cutter radius √ G41 is used when the path drawn by the cutting edge of the cutter lies to the left of the edge
compensation to be cut of the workpiece while looking in the cutting direction
– left G42 is used when the path drawn by the cutting edge of the cutter lies to the right of the
G42 Cutter radius √ edge to be cut of the workpiece while looking in the cutting direction
compensation
– right

G43 √ N50 G43 Z1.0 H05 The value registered in

G44 √ H05 is added to all the following Z movements
N55 G44 Z1.0 H06 The value registered in
H06 is subtracted from all the following Z
movements
Z1.0 means 1.0 mm target position above the part
zero
Programming H00 cancels tool offset
G49 Cancels the G43 or G44
G50 Scaling √
function
cancel
G51 Scaling √
function
G52 Temporary √ G52 Xxx Yyy Zzz
shift in the When the controller encounters G52, it will shift the datum of the active work
active offsets (G54-G59) by xx, yy, zz.
coordinate
system

O1453
G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0 (Move the work
M06 101 offset to the 1st
M03 S1000 P.C.D from the
G90 G54 G43 H1
G52 X100 Y100
G54 origin)
G00 X0 Y0
G00 Z5
G16
. (Move the work
. offset to the 2nd
G15 P.C.D from the
G52 X300 Y100 G54 origin)
G00 X0 Y0
G16

G53 Machine G53 G0 X0 Y0 Z0 (Sets the machines datum as This code temporarily cancels work coordinate offsets and uses the machine coordinate system.
Coordinate the active coordinate system and moves to that This code will also ignore tool offsets. In the machine coordinate system, the zero point
Selection position) for each axis is the position where the machine goes when a Zero Return is performed.
G53 will revert to this system for the block in which it is commanded.
G54 Work √ N10 G54; (select the 1st work offset)
: coordinate N20 G56; (select the 3rd work offset)
G95

G68 Coordinate
system
rotation
G69 Coordinate
system
rotation cancel
G73 High speed √
deep hole
drilling cycle

G98 G73 X.. Y.. R.. Z.. Q.. F..

G80 Fixed cycle
cancel
G81 Drilling cycle √

G98 G81 X.. Y.. R2.5 Z-28.6 F50

G82 Drilling cycle √
with dwell
G83 Peck drilling √
cycle

Peck drill G98 G83 X.. Y.. R.. Z. . Q.. F..

G84 Right hand √
tapping cycle

G98 (99) G84 X.. Y.. R.. Z.. F..

G85 Boring cycle √
G86 Boring cycle √
G87 Bach boring √
cycle
G88 Boring cycle √
G89 Boring cycle √
G92 Temporary % G92 X~ Y~ Z~ A~
work offsets G00 G90 G55 X0 Y0 (Rapid to G54 origin) X~ is the X-axis coordinate
G92 X10 Y10 (Shifts The origin of G54 by 10,10 Y~ is the Y-axis coordinate
- No movement) Z~ is the Z-axis coordinate
G00 G90 G55 X0 Y0 (Rapid movement to the A~ is the A-axis coordinate
newly defined origin) • G92 is non-modal (active only for the block where it is placed).
G92 X-10 Y-10 (Shifts the origin back to the • G92 cancels an offset set by G52.
original values - No movement) • To cancel a G92 command, you need to enter another G92 code with the opposite value.
G00 G90 G55 X0 Y0 (Rapid movement to the
original G55 origin)
G98 Return to √
initial level in
a fixed cycle