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13 views

1678964113

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tcl.sharath
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SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Unit -2
Mobile Radio Propagation

Knife Edge Diffraction Model

19EC601/ WC / D.Vishnu Priya / Unit 2/ Mobile Radio Propagation Page : 1


Knife-edge Diffraction Model
◼ Estimating the signal attenuation caused by diffraction of
radio waves over hills and buildings is essential in
predicting the field strength in a given service area.

◼ As a starting point, the limiting case of propagation over


a knife edge gives good in sight into the order of magnitude
diffraction loss.
◼ When shadowing is caused by a single object such as a
building, the attenuation caused by diffraction can be
estimated by treating the obstruction as a diffracting knife
edge
19EC601/ WC / D.Vishnu Priya / Unit 2/ Mobile Radio Propagation Page : 2
Consider a receiver at point R located in the shadowed region. The field
strength at point R is a vector sum of the fields due to all of the
secondary Huygens sources in the plane above the knife edge.

19EC601/ WC / D.Vishnu Priya / Unit 2/ Mobile Radio Propagation Page : 3


❑ The difference between the direct path and diffracted path,
call excess path length

The corresponding phase difference

19EC601/ WC / D.Vishnu Priya / Unit 2/ Mobile Radio Propagation Page : 4


◼ Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction parameter is used to normalize the
phased term and given as

Which gives

◼ where𝛼 =ℎ( 𝑑 1 +𝑑 2/d1d2 )

19EC601/ WC / D.Vishnu Priya / Unit 2/ Mobile Radio Propagation Page : 5


Knife-edge Diffraction Model

19EC601/ WC / D.Vishnu Priya / Unit 2/ Mobile Radio Propagation Page : 6


Fresnel zones

19EC601/ WC / D.Vishnu Priya / Unit 2/ Mobile Radio Propagation Page : 7


Fresnel zones represent successive regions where secondary waves have a
path length from the TX to the RX which are nλ/2 greater in path length than
of the LOS path. The plane below illustrates successive Fresnel zones

19EC601/ WC / D.Vishnu Priya / Unit 2/ Mobile Radio Propagation Page : 8


Multiple Knife Edge Diffraction

19EC601/ WC / D.Vishnu Priya / Unit 2/ Mobile Radio Propagation Page : 9


Scattering
◼ Scattering occurs when the medium through which the
wave travelsconsists of objects with dimensions that are small
compared to the wavelength, and where the number of per unit
volume is large.
➢Scattered waves are produced by rough surfaces, small
objects,
or by other irregularities in the channel.
➢Scattering is caused by trees, lamp posts, towers, etc.

19EC601/ WC / D.Vishnu Priya / Unit 2/ Mobile Radio Propagation Page : 10


◼ Received signal strength is often stronger than that
predicted by reflection/diffraction models alone

◼ The EM wave incident upon a rough or complex


surface is scattered in many directions and provides
more energy at a receiver
energy that would have been absorbed is instead
reflected to the Rx.

◼ flat surface → EM reflection (one direction)


◼ rough surface → EM scattering (many directions)

Page : 11
19EC601/ WC / D.Vishnu Priya / Unit 2/ Mobile Radio Propagation
Scattering

19EC601/ WC / D.Vishnu Priya / Unit 2/ Mobile Radio Propagation Page : 12


19EC601/ WC / D.Vishnu Priya / Unit 2/ Mobile Radio Propagation Page : 13

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