lssAte

<br>

eh-4 Date
Paga

ol- and f- Block elements

arte thass elementr
dblocr
in elemensort e the cl
chth theJaet
Subshele o
pentultimate Shlll
Genemal e-confzurcat
l-2

cherce nh oternhell.
Jhe d-bloek Cogsetsof aups 3-1
3
of the fable
periodic
oLlock_ element aae alss calledast
com l-bloek tpblock.
tcansition element 2s thelementin uIh r
na incpogpletely frlled d-orchita ik n

cound -kate Vcore) Qny

1
of its oxidat
ates.
>herce paainly3 series' f Arcanstt?
metals.
Zehe. (sc - Zn)
S
Seeg danthanumto C

(Omittng Ce to Lus
12 have fulfllad
ConfqutRolat
am mor se
ox
states Hence he
arcent Tgarded as anstion netal
<br>

*Neareyall th totans" eak eleraentr

ehib
boiling
medallie
points
prcoperctesJhela to
ate hfgh clue Zo Cal
melln
metallre bondin ebept
Gteter
Rthe rerultir
th no
falegce eroga
bondeng Cespeeihae
(espeeiolly I
lbandigothal
bonding so ansit element hae
aigh enthalny cf atomizat?
F>lcanst"metale hou /areab lo DLabaa
|xidat" state cliegto pactieipat" f

žamat? ethich fsagain uifo spzall

Most of h
trcanit-elemenli ec
pasramcqnete du to prcerence of unp aâref

JThe aaghetic áonn ent is oleterminod by

the formula
BM Ceohre -Magneton)
Unet
Most
othe teansit
arCe ao metelsthic
eompoundi Uied Catalyst
becaute thay hou Varciabl oxtoat"
States the abilty to fort m

Complex
<br>

On cations

Jrant° elements fortn O

d-dtranst^ by the unpaitede by

om the visible rg
absobing radl?an
Qnd nagleetiag
ts
omplemenlary eoloia
Jcanst elements form foteastital
Ccompondhbecauts fn the Cystel
atticeSaay-Szed non-metal Vatorzr
aste attrtacted fn
&uch aS
ne n
CN H

pace arce
tect4fal wDbant
Fonte
hee
neither Aypically
Jranst elerganks loca alloy dee tathe?re
Jrcangi" metel-ox ldes in loeest 0X dat"

O4Qn statc ate amphoterke in tha

arco
hPast oca^ state Qcdic
he
a
elecfoca potential
ypon
i M/M
metal dopenda 3
paametera
OEnthahy af atomizat
othaly hydrtat
<br>

fon is morcestable
Sol becausehe azeous Sol a

úndegoes disproprcd ion ag

Jhe higher stabeltty f Cutagi in aguebug

gol
than that
to
isdue pe
t conmpensafeta
oe
odLE of
-Ve hyoltat" enthal
ivoleed
in thi fortmat of cuei
Hence Ct fon ehanges fo aote stabla
Cu
fon en Qgueous Šol!

*Confg
TArr3 dYs?
t
VCA 3 4g

24

Cu
CAr3
<br>

D7R4 Page

State
h a
exhib Conffqurcel But
Cemp,ounols hos t9 0xiaate,
ît lso
is not
Herce o-orcbtal olomoni
Ag tr a transit
Cennetolyeogbikal
e
is cemplate
So the of al-orcbtal aftent fnvoled in bacl
So,
metallPebond fr u)aKer
than the othe element
arte
af
of tha lereieswhete
me theeof al-orcbitale
"invglueo fn tallk bord' So, enthalpy trtanh'eeie
f
lowest n ?ts

Ea4.3 ScandlPum doasnt exhiit arcabl cx state

3> Mn (atnoz 26) has

no: of.'oxdat Ktates:efe
eia to+
(423, +4, +5, t6,+7) n
ts
QompoAnds
M

Redcng

111 111111
rrtrdhtf
Stabsry
ettoo
lobitaf.
<br>

Antex t
ushat iss postbl teesun for thi?
cnsvals foc ang medal depemds Lpon 3

factors

GEnthley atonitation (AaH)

ion 'sat"

and lous wale fanthalpif

means thatAHHeguirted TS
COmpensateol by th hydrat enthalpy
teleasedi Valus of
Eetctes) 8)3-16> Only thoce fonc
ul be celeurted
usheh have ncoelete o-Orbitale Iea
ohich har Conelete Vacant
arce Coloreless
- Puscp
3 t
Arr]S
CArs'
Cut Calorlee
3 t CArc1
Sc Coloikese
Mn' EAr sd5
Fe3f 3d 7 Brcosn
CA
 Qta
<br>

12\0|944
ica.runnae
Rtassium(K, (a, Cy)
made
3's2epareo fcom pdum chto
shich s
obtained by
Chrremite cre(e Ca,) o
Care bohate Pa exce ssof ai, chich
9ives 3a0s.
acidiffcatgssulphur acid
Celeateal

potassium dichaomake (k, C, )(orcang

ColouredSoled) Godrum chesn
4
Chromite cze) (yelos)
+
8Co

(0ange(g)

t-H,0.

ehrgeraade fon
<br>

18|o|94
2Ct3S#
t6fe 2
Cat+ 6fe

8H+3
I
e
Fe

PotasSTum Percmanganate KMnap

Potassum pertmanganate an
.fon
o
Maty wth alkale
hydroioe an oldisng
KANOThis ptoduce the
k Mnly,
whithasproporttionatos
heutral ore actdic so
Pn a

to ge pecmanaaet
2Mno t 4KOM+O

when KMnQ decomp0ses at 513 K:

A Mnly t Mnl, t O,
<br>

rteprtesent hs teduct
cse of
patmanganate toandmanganece
manganate
(
Blac!
by halk-rns
Hn@

Et1. 69V)
52 V)
E+1
Acdfe Sol
s potaistum iodlde:
O
Todinp ebatatedfom
10r-HMoO 16Ht NR*+&H,0+ 5

S Cooveted to teyelloa)

(c) Oxalate gen Qr oralie acto oxtdaed &t 333X

being
Hydtogen Sulphidas aidhedisulphiz jiteekas

27
<br>

Sulphucous acd orr Suephle

Salphete is oxidisec to a

Selphute og gulphusis actd:

to n?tate:
5NO t MnD, 4
6H

Neutreal or
falntly alkaline sol?
(a) notabl
Po
date: ofolate to

Mn
H
Thfosulphate oD2osed
to sulphate almest puantitsusy

RMnoi
(c) Mangonous
re sence of2alt ir ofd seoto
zinç 3alphate
Mno, he

eata lysesh

Mn a
3Mnt +H, 0
5Mn t 9H*

Tetrah ecdal Tetrahedgl percrgant

mgganate, don
grteen)
<br>

t- bloc K
Elements

Elemants in ushick difercentiatig

enter infgub-shell
(OR)
The last entercs the
fcbital
ate Callo block tlemerits
>here arete
are
Seres shich
&
consLtite
block lanthanšoles atintles
7eneral e- Confe

h-) ne
tanthanides
ilJhe 14 elements after lanthanun la)
Orbitals
Gienercal a
canftgucatton f lanthanioles
2

(i Most oxida state af

Common lanthantde
+3. Hosewer,
u Shous t4 Ce o
&

Ybchows t 0Xidaton State

<br>

dan thanotdes?
Wbecauseacte gtable
confquat'oo.
Hence as an oxidesinggents
EY5 act as
Ce
Oxidisinp agent
educiag
ilhere is a
steady decg eae in the atomie
and ionc
Rn atomc
adit oanthanides with increau
no.
du to lanthaniae contrtact'
Pn th ehenmisty
Sh7elding
fat of
feleckon
Gye he tacdii f membere bd
5d-serinnembet
imilarr do hose of Cottesponoling
Of the
4d sercies clyo tolan tha rod contaact°
g2 r and H{ have almest Same
have 3inatar physteal &
chemical propertie
lo th baste hasaca
decteases (rom LaloH)
f
o
Lanthanofd Contrtaction. Lu lOH) de e to

parcaMaghete înn haturre deetothe

prte senceof npaircec
danthanotcds shoe maghetic propertes.
aLeT arce diamaQne ?n nature, shercear
tcevalent fons of oherlanthanade arc
Parcamgnetic.
<br>

(v) darthanoids ace high

electroposite y

vit eactie ngetali

hey, earty
aiy forni alloys wth othia
metdlsmathly irton
eg. ischnaet&,an allay of anthanota
metal,(Ng51)oN
Al,used to
to make
Nake
and draces of SCaar4
ighte
Shelesete
94

()Jhe 14 elepments after Qctinuns asce

Called atinofds n ushich 5f orcbitalr
gxesstly
heneral econg
t-t4

genertal, actinofds &ho) t? oxfidat°

e
State Jhese terable th lanthanott
In haîng morte Connpbunds in t2ctat
fn
Housever3 4 o?
&
ionend

qreate coxclat?
Sta te acinode due to fhe
act that 5f6d &
evels arta of
cmpaable enersjie
<br>

Actinoicds
CivJhe st eady decrease Enn tomie afonic
Sze along Qctinofd lerrles fs Callecd
Qctinoid dueto wwhic h
hrela efpect O
bf electroDt
esults Ogo
inereae in efective nuclear Chaga
(V. Sboe leetenaendtaan
Complexes bt geeeater than lanthanorals
anthanoras.
Jhey
Coating of efles hus are ot attekad
otkh0te.
arte staongly para
2asa magnette have
fon Rsation
fonhegies