Conclusion: This is becausC ammonium chloride absorbs

makes it cool. Thus, it is concludcd that dissolution of. energy from

is an endothermic change. ammonium chloridewater an
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
1. a 2. b

Lesson 7: Hydrogen
A. 1. a 2. b 3. d 4. c 5. d 6. c 7. a

B. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F

C.1. Oxyhydrogen 2. cold 3. oxidising agent

4. Oxvgen, hydrogen 5. reducing agent 6. neutral
7. Liquid hydrogen
D. 1. Hydrogenation 2. Oxidising agent 3. Reducing agent
4. Boschs process 5. Nitric acid
E. 1. The arrangement of metals in the descending order of their reactivity is called the
metal activity series.
2. Aluminium, zinc and iron are the three metals that react with steam to relens
hydrogen.
3. Hydrogen is prepared when magnesium reacts with boiling water. It is aslow reaction
Mg + 2H,0 Mg(OH), + H,T
Magnesium Water (hot) Magnesium Hydrogen
Hydroxide
4. The process of addition of oxygen to a substance or removal of hydrogen from a
substance is known as oxidation, whereas the process of addition of hydrogen to a
substance or removal of oxygen from a substance is known as reduction.
5. Hydrogen burns in air or oxygen with a pale blue flame and produces a pop sound.
This is thetest for hydrogen gas.
F 1. In the laboratory, hydrogen is prepared by the reaction of dilute hydrochloric ad
on granulated zinc. Place a few pieces of granulated zinc in a round-bottom fas
Fix a rubber cork with two holes in the mouth of the flask. Pass a thistle fun
through one hole and a delivery tube through the other hole. Connect the other e
of the delivery tube to a beehive shelf placed in a trough containing water. Pour dilute

82 CHEMISTRY
FRANK NEW CERTIFICATE
 hrdrochloricacid (HC) down the thistle funnel
he inc picces fcact with the until ir covers rhe grranulared
inc
pics. dilute hvdrochloric
andhvdrogen gas. On pouring hydrochloric acid. a brisk effervescence gas atchloride
acid oroducingof zinc thefr
cndofthe Aclivery tube can be seen. Allow the firsr few huhbles of the gas rn escape
bccausc1t IS mixed with air inside the Aask. Now collect rhe gas br rhe downwart
displaccmentof water.For this, invert a gas jar
disphclf. Hydrogen and is lighter completelv illed with Witer ver the

almostinsolublein watet displaces the water

thanandwater.
gets Place
collected in theglass
agreased gas jar
discsince
over tthe
is
opencndof the gas jar and remove it from the trough. Hvdrogen gas is collected by
"downward displacement of water
Zn + 2HCI
Zinc Hydrochloric
ZnCl, + H. (g)
acid (dil) Zinc Hvdrogen
chloride
To provethat hydrogen gas is combustible but does not support combustion.
Materials required: a gas jar hlled with hydrogen gas and aburning taper
Procedure: Hold agas jar hlled with hydrogen gas in arn inverted position andintroduce
it.
aburning taper in
Observation: The gas burns with a pop sound and a blue lame is seen at the mouth
of the jar and the taper gets extinguished.
Conclusion:This shows that hydrogen gas itself burns but does not support burning
of the taper.
3. The uses of hydrogen are:
Hydrogenation: Hydrogen is used in the preparation of vanaspati ghee from
vegetable oil. The process of conversion of vegetable oil into solid vanaspati ghee
by passing hydrogen through vegetable oil in the presence of a catalyst is called
hydrogenation.
Welding and cutting of metals:Hydrogen and oxygen are burnt together to produce
This tame is
an oxyhydrogen flame with a temperature of 2800 °C to 3000 °C.
used for cutting and welding of metals.
Meteorological purposes: Hydrogen, being the lightest of all elemnts, was carlier
were
Used to fll air balloons for meteorological work and in airships.These balloons
hydrogen is highly
Used to record temperature, wind speed and air pressure. Since
inflammable, it is now replaced by helium which is an inert gas.
Liquid
As a fuel: Hydrogen has a high heat of combustion.So, it is uscd as a fuel. likely
hydrogen is used as a fuel in rockets. Hydrogen is a pollution-free fuel and is
TEACHERS MANUAL 83
 to becomc an important source of fuel in future for automobiles. as well as fra

generating electricitv:.
" For manufacture of chemicals: Hvdrogen is used in manufacturing ammonia
production of fertilisers, nitric acid and dyes.
used in the
which is widelv manufacturing hydrochloric acid and methanol.
gas is also Used in
extraction of metals: Hydrogen acts as a good
Hydrog
" As areducing
4. Theagent
agent in the
for extractionof less
decomposition
reactive metals from their Oxides
reducine
of asubstance by passing electricity through it is called electroysik
The container in which the process of electrolysis takes place is called an electrolyik
cell. Pure water is neutral and does not contain free ions. It can be made an electrole
bv adding afew drops of acid such as sulphuric acid to it. Such water is called acidulatet
involves two steps as follows: when electric
water. The process of electrolysis
decomposesinto its constituent ions. The
electrolyte, it
Cur
ions
rent s
passed throughthe charged electrodes. These ions gain or lose electrons:and turnmve
intn
towards oppositely
neutral atoms.
acidulated water, it decomposes in.
When an electric current is passed throughvolume).
2:1 (by
hydrogen and oxygen inthe ratio of
2H,0 2H, T+O,‘
process, productsmay be in the form of solid deposition or agas evolvei
In this whole
as bubbles.

G. 1. Pb + 2NaOH Na,PbO, + H,T

Sodium Hydrogen
Lead Sodium
hydroxide plumbate
MgSO, + H,‘
2. Mg HSO, Hydrogen
Magnesium Dil. sulphuric Magnesium
acid sulphate
Al,0, + 3H, ‘
3. 2AI 3H,0
Aluminium Steam
Aluminium Hydrogen
oxide

4. Ca t 2H,0 Ca(OH), + H,T

Calcium Water (cold) Calcium Hydrogen
hydroxide
5. Fe 2HCI FeCl, H,‘
Iron Dil. hydrochloric Ferrous Hydrogen
acid chloride

FRANK NEW CERTIFICATE CHEM0S

84
 6 H,
for Hydrogen Chlorine 2HCI
Hydrogen
chloride
gas, 7.2Na + H,
2NaH
gen Sodium Hydrogen
+ S
Sodium hydride
8. H,
ng
Hydrogen Sulphur
HS
Hydrogen
sulphide
sis.
9.0Zinc
ZnO + H, Zn + HO
tic
te Hydrogen Zinc
oxide Water
ed Fe
i_ 10. N, + 3H, 2NH,
ve 200 atmn/450 °C
Nitrogen Hydrogen Ammonia
to

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

1. a 2. d