RADAR SYSTEM USING AURDINO 2024-25

INTRODUCTION:

We know everything produces sound wave just by existence and effect flow of air around them
with their natural frequency. These frequencies are beyond hearing range of humans. Wave of
frequency range of 20000hz and thereabouts are called ultra-sonic wave and these waves can
be detected by an ultrasonic sensor which helps us to get various knowledge. An Ultrasonic
detector usually has a transducer which convert sound energy into electrical energy and
electrical energy into sound energy. They are used for measuring object position and
orientation, collision avoidance system, surveillance system etc. Ultrasonic technology provide
relief from problem such as linear measurement problem, as it allows user to get non-contact
measurements in this way distance between object and its speed etc can me easily measured.
Speed of travel of sound wave depends upon square root of ratio between medium density and
stiffness. Also, property of speed of sound can also be changed by natural environment
condition like temperature. So basically, an ultrasonic sensor sends ultrasonic waves which
travels in air and gets reflected after striking any object. By studying the property of reflected
wave, we can get knowledge about objects distance, position, speed etc. A processing software
and an Arduino software is used with hardware system for detection of objects various
parameters. One of the most common application of ultra-sonic sensor is range finding. It is
also called as sonar which is same as radar in which ultrasonic sound is directed at a particular
direction and if there is any object in its path it strikes it and gets reflected back and after
calculation time taken to come back we can determine distance of object. in real life this
method is used by bats.

ABSTRACT:

The application of radio detection and ranging in different places such as military installation,
commercial use is done with the help of RADAR SYSTEM which uses electromagnetic waves
for detection of different physical components such as distance, speed, position, range,
direction, size etc which can be either fixed or be in motion. Use of radar system has been
developed greatly specially in field of navigation. In this research we study about existing
navigation technologies and proposed an Arduino based radar system. It has advantage over
other radar system as kit reduces power consumption and connect programmer to wide range or

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Arduino programmers and open source code. The system consist a basic ultrasonic sensor
placed upon a servo motor which rotates at a certain angle and speed.

LITERATURE SURVEY(BASED ON JUIT RESEARCH PAPERS):

 The uses are not simply beneficial and strong yet notwithstanding a monetarily feasible
Arduino based radar framework. Not just this, here other helpful utilizations of ultrasonic
sensors were noticed as well. This paper examines an observing framework which is intended
to quantify the speed of waves and the stature of a waterway through a ultrasonic sensor
utilizing a microcontroller (Arduino).
 We can conquer issues by prior ID in the tallness of water and noticing speed. On the off
chance that we recognize issues prior we can defeat this issue before it turns into an
emergency.
 This framework conquers all the various viewpoints because of which different advancements
intended for this reason have fizzled, making the framework more helpful, proficient and less
expensive and less tedious.
 This paper speaks to a framework for snag location in a known climate. This framework works
through an android based versatile camera. Individuals who are Arduino based radar
frameworks outwardly hindered, face troubles in recognizing obstructions and route while
they walk.
 The calculation which is made for indoor planning. In the indoor climate all unmistakable
floors are taken in thought and a solitary picture is kept or put away for particular floors.
These pictures of the floor are taken as reference pictures.
 There are various strategies examined in this paper for hindrance location. For these kinds of
issues we can utilize the methodology of SONAR sensor and furthermore laser camera .In this
paper presented a figure for distinguishing prevention in known condition with an android
based adaptable camera which sweeps a picked area before the camera for hindrance area.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

The block diagram of the Automatic Car Parking System consists of the following components:

• Ulrasonic Sensors: Ultrasonic sensors detect the object’s proximity to obstacles.

• Microcontroller: Controls the system logic, processes data from sensors, and sends control signals to
the motors.
• Servo Motors: Responsible for the movement of the Ultarsonic sensor.

• Power Supply: Supplies power to the entire system.

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METHODOLOGY:

The aim of this project is to calculate the distance position and speed of the object placed
at some distance from the sensor. Ultrasonic sensor sends the ultrasonic wave in
different directions by rotating with help of servo motor. This wave travels in air and
gets reflected back after striking some object. This wave is again sensed by the sensor
and its characteristics is analysed and output is displayed in screen showing parameters
such as distance and position of object. Arduino IDE is used to write code and upload
coding in Arduino and helps us to sense position of servo motor and posting it to the
serial port along with the distance of the nearest object in its path. The output of sensor
is displayed with the help of processing software to give final output in display screen.

Software and Components Used:

• Microcontroller: Arduino is an open source electronics platform based on easy to use hardware and
software.

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Ultrasonic Sensors: Ultrasonic sensors for distance and slot detection.

 Servo Motors: A servomotor is a rotary actuator that allows for precise control of angular position, velocity
and acceleration

 Software: Arduino IDE for programming the microcontroller and sensor modules, or Python/C++ for
controlling the Logic in case of a Raspberry pi system.

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 Bread Board: Breadboards are one of the most fundamental pieces when learning how to build circuits.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT:

1. Integration with IoT: Incorporating IoT technology would allow the system to provide real-time updates,
connect with a cloud server for data storage, and integrate with mobile applications for better user
interaction.
2. AI and Machine Learning: Future enhancements could involve the use of AI and ML for improved object
detection, obstacle avoidance, and prediction of the objects.
3. Advanced Sensors: The use of high-resolution cameras, lidar, or radar sensors could improve the accuracy
and efficiency of the system.
4. Scalability: Expanding the system for use in defence with more intricate security systems.
5. Energy Efficiency: Optimizing the power consumption of the system for sustainable operation.

BIBILOGRAPHY:
[1] G. Bhor, P. Bhandari, R. Ghodekar and S. Deshmukh, "Mini Radar," International Journal
of Technical Research and Applications, pp. 68-71, 2016.
[2] D. B. Kadam, Y. B. Patil, K. V. Chougale and. S. S. Perdeshi, "Arduino Based Moving
Radar System," International Journal of Innovative Studies in Sciences and Engineering
Technology (IJISSET), vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 23-27,2017.

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[3] T. P. Rajan, K. K. Jithin, K. S. Hareesh, C. A. Habeeburahman and. A. Jithin, "Range
Detection based on Ultrasonic Principle," International Journal of Advanced Research in
Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 7638-7643, 2014.
[4] P. S. Abhay,. S. K. Akhilesh, P. Amrit and Kriti, "A Review on Ultrasonic Radar Sensor for
Security system," Journal ofEmerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), pp.137-
140, 2016.
[5] P. P. Arun, M. A. Sudhakar, P. MeghaSunil and S. S. Balaji,"Ultrasonic Distance Meter,"
SVERIAN Scientific, pp. 1-4,2015

WEBSITE:

Arduino Project Hub: Arduino Project Hub is a platform for sharing and exploring Arduino-based projects,
offering tutorials, code, and inspiration for developers and hobbyists. https://projecthub.arduino.cc/

Chat GPT: It can adapt to user preferences, offering customized guidance for specific needs, such as coding
help, writing assistance, or brainstorming.And It assists with tasks like summarizing information, generating
ideas, and drafting content, saving time and effort. https://chatgpt.com/

Draw.io :It is a free, web-based diagramming tool used for creating flowcharts, diagrams, and other visual
representations of data and processes https://app.diagrams.net/

YouTube: YouTube can be used as a resource for tutorials, demonstrations, and troubleshooting, offering visual
learning and practical gui

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