August 3 , 2024

note : Pancreas production of insulin

* Nursing care of clients ul Gastrointestinal
& Genitourinary Disorders 1
>
Key Physiologic Processes

peristalsis-wave like muscle contraction that moves

food to GI tract
the Gastro Intestinal (G1) system :
Secretion
a complex network

responsible for ingestion , digestion ,

-

Gastri glands in the stomach

absorption & excretion of food Secretes : Hydrochlonic acid a

comprises the Gl tract & accessory Pepsinogen
Hormonal Regulation :
gastrin secret , cholecystokinin
organs, ,

> Assessment :

Gl
Anatomy of Pain
>

GI tract is continuous
a
to be
Indigestion
9 meters adults
approximately long in , Intestinal Gas

the morth
beginning at nausea a vomiting
change in bowel habits & characteristics of stool
7
Mouth-mechanical breakdown of food , saliva signs of disorder of the colon & may results

pharynx
-
in diarrhea or constipation
>
Esophagus >
Physical assessment

a
>
Stomach-peristalsis movement , broken examine the mouth , abdomen , rectum ,
and

down of food
, perineal areas

>
small intestines the ulcers ,
note for presence of nodules ,

duodenum ,jejunum & ileum

swelling , discoloration or
inflammation
Intestine
Large perform auscultation before percussion &

accessory organs
>

palpation
note the character ,
location a frequency of
>
key Physiological Processes bowel sounds

Peristasis
>
Diagnostic Evaluation

Secretion xray > visualization of portions of

ultrasound Gl tract
Hormonal Regulation
>
Nursing Interventions Enlarged cervical nodes , and hemoptysis
Balanced diet & nutritional factors that

can cause GI disturbances

testa activities

post-procedure care & activity restrictions

alleviate anxiety
Help pt. cope /discomfort >
achlasia-swallowing disorder that affects esophagus
members or others to
Encourage fam XRAY :

offer emotional support to the pt.

i dilated
esophagus
diagnostic procedures
> Medical & Surgical
during the Management
Heller Myotomy cutting the muscle at
adequate hydration involves
-

assess before,
the lower end
during a after the procedure of the esophageal
sphincter This allows food to pass
Educ should be
provided
.

more easily into the stomach

>
changes in the mouth

Loss of teeth

> SpecificConditions

the oral
Cancer of Cavity
-

associated wh the use of alcohol a tobacco

,

prolonged the sun ,

exposure to dietary deficiency
a ingestion of smoked meats.

malignancies usually cancers

-

are
squamous cell

>
Signs & symptoms
> painless sore that does not heal in > Botulinum toxin -

Blocks nerve functions & can lead to

2 weeks respiratory d muscular

paralysis
tenderness, difficulty w/ chewing
swallowinga speaking
~
 upper part of stomach
-

> Hiatal Hernia

bulges

<
Manifestation :
heartbur

back flow of swallowed

foodG Liquids
Backflow of stomach acid
Trouble
Swallowing
chest abdominal
or
pain
feeling full soon
after eating
shortness of breath

vomiting of blood

-
Different types of hiatal hernia

called
type I- also a
sliding
esoph hiatal hernia
>
Gastroesophageal Reflux -

the most common type, accounting for 95% of all

Back flow of gastric or duodenal contents hiatal hernias.
the part of the esophagus that connects to the
into the
stomach slides up through the widened hiatus at
esophagus times and then slides back down.
causes : incompetent lower esophageal sphincter,
2-4 called
pyloric stenosis , or mobility disorder type 2-types paraesophageal
Degree of acid reflux is evaluated using 12-36 part ng hiatal hernia
"Paraesophageal"
hr esophageal pH monitoring
Stomach means "beside the
esophagus
signs a symptoms :
-

pyrosis (burning sensation of the esophagus) type 3-mix of the first two types
part the that
maasim both of esophagus
connects to the stomach
Dyspepsia-feeling busog pergrtom the
-

Regurgitation gastroesophageal junction,

slides up through the
Dysphagia
-

hiatus at times
type 3-mix of first two types

type 4 is rare but can be more

-

complicated
-wide
enough for two
diff
through it.
to hernidle
organs

naused due to compression of the stomach

OR AUD OVERFIOW OR Both

shortness of breath

test that can

diagnose hiatal hernia
>
-
chest xray I radiograph radiation
-

uses

to take still

esophagram
> upper
endoscopy
>
esophageal manometry
7 Cancer of the esophagus

55
Dysphagia & painful swallowing
feeling of a mass in the thora
substernal pain

hiccups

Mngt :
early stages
-

directed towards are

late
stages of symptoms
-

relief
7