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CELEBRATING THE
MEGASCALE
Proceedings of the Extraction and Processing
Division Symposium on Pyrometallurgy
in Honor of David G.C. Robertson
Cover Photographs: Images on front cover, clockwise from top: (1) Ladle pouring.
Photo courtesy of Rodney Jones, Mintek; (2) Photo of David G.C. Robertson; (3)
Metal tapping. Photo courtesy ofIsabel Geldenhuys, Mintek; (4) Molten silver cast
from a levitation coil (1961). Photo courtesy of School of Materials Science and
Engineering, University of New South Wales; (5) Slag tapping. Photo courtesy of
Anglo American Platinum. Additional image on back cover; (6) Metallurgical plant
near green countryside at the Polokwane Smelter. Photo courtesy of Anglo American
Platinum.
TMS2014
143rd Annual Meeting & Exhibition
CELEBRATING THE
MEGASCALE
Proceedings of the Extraction and Processing
Division Symposium on Pyrometallurgy
in Honor of David G.C. Robertson
held during
1
143,d Annual Meeting & Exhibition
February 16-20,2014
San Diego Convention Center
San Diego, California, USA
Edited by:
Phillip J. Mackey I Eric J. Grimsey
Rodney T. Jones I Geoffrey A. Brooks
Editors
Phillip l. Mackey Rodney T. lones
Eric l. Grimsey Geoffrey A. Brooks
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or
part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of
illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way,
and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software,
or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are
exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in
this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor
the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material
contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
Keynote Session
David Gordon Campbell Robertson: A Biographical Sketch
J See
v
Process Metallurgy an Enabler of Resouce Efficiency: Linking Product
Design to Metallurgy in Product Centric Recycling ........................................... 93
M Reuter and A. van Schaik
Ferro-Alloys
Developments in Manganese Ferroalloy Research and Production in the
Last 25 years .................................................................................................... 121
M. Tangstad and R. Tronstad
VI
Pyrometallurgical Processing Technologies for Treating High Arsenic
Copper Concentrates ......................................................................................... 197
P. Taylor and T Putra
Simulation of the Gas Flow in a Peirce-Smith Converter.. ..... ............. ............. 251
W. Silva, B. Ribeiro, and F. Elias
VII
Analysis of Steelmaking Reactions by Coupled Reaction Model... .................. 317
S. Kitamura
Valorization of Electrical Arc Furnace Oxidizing Slag .......... .. .... ...... .. ............ 347
J Lee, S. An, M Shin, and K. Sim
VIII
Electrochemical Characterization and Modeling of a Solid Oxide
Membrane-Based Electrolyzer for Production of Magnesium and Oxygen .... .417
X Guan, U Pal, S. Gopalan, and A. Powell
Phenomenological Models and Animations of Welding and Their Impact ..... .425
T. DebRoy
Metallurgical Education
Current and Suggested Focus on Sustainability in Pyrometallurgy ................. .429
J See, D. Robertson, and P. Mackey
Delivering a National Process Design Unit with Industry Support ................. .489
D.lbana
IX
A New Approach to Investigating Coke Reactivity .......................................... 519
B. Monaghan. R. Longbottom. M. Reid, 0. Aladejebi.
A. Jayasekara, and M Panhuis
The Use of Natural Gas for Reduction of Metal Oxides: Constraints and
Prospects
0. Ostrovski
Decomposition of Methane during Oxide Reduction with Natural Gas ........... 537
H. Dalaker and P. Tetlie
x
Sintering Process for Limonitic Nickel Laterite ............................................... 623
E. Gua, M. Liu, C. Pan, Q. Yuan, and XLv
Poster Session
Nitrogen Solubility in Liquid Mn-Fe-Si-C Alloys ............................................ 669
J Earn, J Jang, M Paek, and J Pak
Subject Index
XI
PREFACE
This volume contains the proceedings of the symposium, Celebrating the Megascale:
Proceedings of the Extraction and Processing Division Symposium on Pyrometallurgy
in Honor of David C.c. Robertson, held at the 2014 TMS Annual Meeting &
Exhibition in San Diego, California. Dr. David G.c. Robertson, Professor Emeritus of
Metallurgical Engineering at the Missouri University of Science and Technology, has
devoted his career to the education of metallurgical professionals and to the science of
all types and sizes of pyrometallurgical processes.
During the 2011 TMS Annual Meeting in San Diego, an informal gathering of
colleagues and ex-students of Dr. Robertson began discussing the idea of holding
a special symposium as a tribute to his significant contributions in pyrometallurgy.
Support was strong, and Dr. Adrian Deneys played a key role in piloting this idea
through TMS and identifying the venue, selected to be the TMS 2014 Annual Meeting.
It was during these early discussions that Dr. Mark Schlesinger of Missouri University
of Science and Technology coined the working title of the symposium: "Celebrating
the Megascale". This was in recognition of Dr. Robertson's work across different
fields that have contributed to the understanding of pyrometallurgical processes, in this
way contributing to the successful scale-up of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgical
processes to the unprecedented levels seen today.
As discussed in one of the papers at the symposium], when David Robertson began
his career in metallurgy (in the 1960s), the output of a well-running iron blast furnace
was about 2,000 tonnes of pig iron/day, while the typical equivalent of the best copper
reverberatory furnace was about 300 tonnes of Cu/day. Today, single furnaces run at
up to 4 to 5 times these rates, that is, of the order of 10,000 tonnes of pig iron/day, and
for copper, the equivalent of about 1,500 tonnes of Cu/day - truly the "mega-scale".
Dr. Robertson's own contribution to the development of realistic theories for
describing the kinetics of processes has been particularly influential, and has assisted
understanding to enable the scale-up of processes to what is referred to now as the
"mega-scale". Through his work, Dr. Robertson has contributed to the understanding
of many of the big developments in extractive metallurgy over the last half century;
these include the large, modern blast furnace which remains a critical component of
the world iron and steel industry, steel making technologies, the Noranda Process for
copper smelting, the Outokumpu Flash Furnace, Top Submerged Lance technology
and the large electric furnace for ferro-alloy production, to name a few.
With a symposium topic and venue identified, an organizing committee consisting of
Kent Peaslee, Phillip Mackey, Eric Grimsey, and Rodney Jones was established. Sadly,
Kent Peas lee passed away on May 17,2013. We express condolences for the untimely
I P.J. Mackey, "Evolution of the Large Copper Smelter - 1800s to 2013", this symposium volume.
XIII
loss of our colleague, who was also a Past President of the Association for Iron & Steel
Technology, a sister organization to TMS. Subsequently, the organizing committee
invited Professor Geoff Brooks, AIST 2013 John F. Elliott Award recipient, to join the
organizing committee.
The contribution of Dr. Brooks is gratefully acknowledged as is the guidance and help
provided by Dr. Robertson throughout the planning process. The organizing committee
developed an outline of topics both reflecting the interests of Dr. Robertson and which
would also enable a review of the present state and practice of extractive metallurgy,
covering both ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy.
The outcome is the present symposium volume which contains almost 70 papers
covering the important topics and issues in pyrometallurgy today including papers
as follows: eight keynote papers including a tribute to Dr. Robertson, workforce
skills needed in the profession going forward, copper smelting, ladle metallurgy,
process metallurgy and resource efficiency, new flash iron making technology, ferro-
alloy electric furnace smelting and on horizontal single belt casting for aerospace
applications. Topics then covered in detail in this volume include ferro-alloys (seven
papers), non-ferrous metallurgy (nine papers), iron and steel (eight papers), modeling
(eight papers), education (eight papers, including papers related to sustain ability in the
metals industry, with particular reference to pyrometallurgy), and fundamentals (17
papers); there are also two papers as posters. We are indebted to all authors who have
contributed to this volume.
The editors would like to express their appreciation to all the TMS staff for their help
and dedication to this project. In particular, we would like to thank Louise Wallach,
Trudi Dunlap, Patricia Warren, Joni Zychowski Minehart, and Diana Grady for their
contributions.
Thanks are also given to all authors for their contributions and thanks to the session
chairs who contributed to the reviewing of the manuscripts in their respective sessions.
Phillip J. Mackey
Eric J. Grimsey
Rodney T. Jones
Geoffrey A. Brooks
XIV
ABOUT THE EDITORS
LEAD EDITOR
Phillip J. Mackey is a consulting metallurgical engineer
and specialist in non-ferrous metals with more than 40
years of international experience in all aspects of the non-
ferrous and ferrous metals business. Dr. Mackey is origi-
nally from Australia where he received his Ph.D. in met-
allurgical engineering from the University of New South
Wales studying under Professor N.A. Warner, one of the
innovative leaders of his time. He carried out his gradu-
ate work at the same time as David Robertson. With his
degrees, Dr. Mackey was armed to take on his first chal-
lenge at Noranda Mines in Canada. There he played a lead-
ing role in the development of the Noranda Process, the
world's first commercial continuous copper smelting and
converting process and one of the important copper tech-
nologies developed in the twentieth century. He was later
responsible for the marketing of this technology to a num-
ber of other companies worldwide. His role in introduc-
ing the Noranda Converter, a new continuous converting
process, was recognized by the Noranda Inc. Technology
Award given in 1998. Active in the copper world, he co-
founded the Copper/Cobre series of international confer-
ences, with the first one held in Chile in 1987. He was also
involved in a number of major nickel sulphide and nickel
laterite projects around the world. Dr. Mackey worked in
senior positions for many years with Xstrata (formerly Fal-
conbridge/Noranda) before retiring at the end of 2009 to
start his own consulting company. He presently acts in a
consulting role for a number of Canadian and international
mining and metallurgical companies. He has authored and
co-authored more than 100 publications covering many
aspects of nonferrous metallurgy. Dr. Mackey is a Metal-
lurgical Society of CIM Past-President (1984-1985) and a
fellow of both CIM and TMS. A recipient of several pro-
fessional awards in Canada and the United States, he also
received the 2007 TMS Distinguished Service Award, the
Selwyn G. Blaylock Medal of the CIM in 2010, and the
Airey Award of the Metallurgical Society of CIM in 2012.
xv
Eric J. Grimsey is an extractive metallurgist who obtained
a Ph.D. from the University of Queensland in 1975. He
has extensive experience as a university educator, admin-
istrator, researcher, and industry consultant. His publica-
tions and expertise are mainly in the field of non-ferrous
pyrometallurgical processes, encompassing heat and mass
balances, thermodynamics, slag/metal interactions, and
process modelling. He has also written extensive materials
for the courses he has taught in pyrometallurgical funda-
mentals and pyrometallurgical processes.
Dr. Grimsey is a fellow of the Institution of Engineers Aus-
tralia and the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metal-
lurgy. He is a former Vice President of The AusIMM, a
Director of Curtin University's Western Australian School
of Mines (WASM), and a recipient of the AusIMM Presi-
dent's Award from his contribution to the institute and
minerals education. He is currently an emeritus professor
of minerals engineering with Curtin University and has a
continuing involvement with AusIMM as chair of the insti-
tute's Ethics Committee.
Dr. Grimsey is pleased to have the opportunity to serve on
the organizing committee to celebrate the work of Dr. Da-
vid Robertson, who has been a friend and colleague since
they met at the University of Missouri-Rolla in 1989.
XVI
The SAIMM awarded him an Honorary Life Fellowship in
201 O. Rodney is also a member of the Board of Trustees
for OneMine.org.
XVII
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Eric J. Grimsey
Curtin University
Kalgoorlie, Western Australia
Rodney T. Jones
Mintek and SAIMM
Randburg, South Africa
Geoffrey A. Brooks
Swinburne University of Technology
Melbourne, Australia
The committee received guidance and help from Adrian Deneys of Praxair,
Lloyd R. Nelson of Anglo American Platinum Limited, Quinn Reynolds of
Mintek, and Dr. David Robertson.
XIX
TECHNICAL REVIEWERS
Nic Barcza
ran Barker
Geoffrey A. Brooks
Hurman Eric
Eric J. Grimsey
Peter C. Hayes
Rodney T. J ones
Shin-ya Kitamura
Phillip 1. Mackey
Michael S. Moats
Quinn Reynolds
M. Akbar Rhamdhani
David G.C. Robertson
Mark E. Schlesinger
Katie Schumacher
Merete Tangstad
XXI
SESSION CHAIRS
Keynote Session
Phillip l. Mackey, P.l. Mackey Technology Inc
Eric l. Grimsey, Curtin University
Ferro-Alloys
Rodney T. lones, Mintek
Lloyd R. Nelson, Anglo American Platinum Limited
Metallurgical Education
Peter C. Hayes, University of Queensland
Merete Tangstad, Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
XX 111
CELEBRATING THE
MEGASCALE
Proceedings of the Extraction and Processing
Division Symposium on Pyrometallurgy
in Honor of David G.C. Robertson
Keynote
Session
Celebrating the Megascale: Proceedings of the Extraction and Processing Division
Symposium on PYl'ometallul'gy in Honol' of David G.c. Robel'tson
.t.'dited b:V l'hillip J Macke:v, Hric J Grimsey, Rodne:v r Jone.\", and Geolfj'ey A. Brooks
TM..\' (17w Mineralfi, Metals & Material", SocietJ~, 2014
lB. See!
Emeritus Professor David Robertson of the Missouri University of Science and Technology was
born in Dublin Ireland on 29 December 1941. His father was a merchant navy Captain who
served during wwn and during David's early years his family lived in Dublin and Donegal
where David went to the local elementary school. In 1954 he moved to London with his parents
and attended Highgate School before commencing metallurgy at the Royal School of Mines,
Imperial College, London in 1960.
David graduated in 1963 with a BSc(Eng) with first class Honors in Metallurgy having also been
awarded the Imperial College Charles Salter Prize for excellence in metallurgy. The
distinguished faculty at Imperial College included Professors Richardson, Bradshaw, Alcock,
Hills and Dr Julian Szekely. Rod Guthrie, now of McGill University, was among David's fellow
classmates. Upon graduation, on Professor Richardson's recommendation, David decided to
study for his doctorate at the University of New South Wales (UN SW) in Sydney, Australia
arriving in Sydney just before Christmas 1963.
David's thesis advisers at UNSW were Dr Alex .Tenkins and Dr Noel Warner. David was a
Teaching Fellow in 1964 and a Broken Hill Proprietary (BHP) Scholar from 1965 to 1968 and
hence had extensive contact with then Director of BHP Research, Dr Robert G Ward, author of
the textbook The Physical Chemistry of Steelmaking.
3
UNSW was then a major world centre for university research in pyrometallurgy. Alex Jenkins,
and his students Bruce Harris and Les Baker, had perfected the use oflevitation melting to study
the reactions of metal drops in gases whilst Noel Warner, a chemical engineer, was a pioneer in
the application of heat and mass transfer principles to pyrometallurgical processes. In addition
David's fellow PhD students at UNSW included Dr Phillip Mackey, a co-editor of this volume
and a well-known and respected industrial metallurgist in North America.
David's PhD thesis topic was "Heterogeneous Reactions between Liquid Metals and Gases," an
investigation ofthe kinetics of the reaction of iron alloy drops in pure oxygen and a topic of great
interest in steelmaking research even today. On graduating with his PhD from UNSW in 1968
David accepted an appointment as a Lecturer back at Imperial College. As David has since
bemoaned; "So I left one ofthe world's most beautiful cities for cold grey London - that was
before the days of global warming!" Professors Richardson, Bradshaw and Hills became very
supportive colleagues together with Jim Jeffes who had joined the faculty in the interim. David
also interacted with then graduate students the late Professor Keith Brimacombe and Dr Amit
Chatterjee, now an international authority in the area of iron and steel. David also worked
closely with Professor Paul Grieveson, who joined Imperial College in 1977.
David remained a faculty member at Imperial College from 1969 to 1985 after being promoted
to Reader in 1982 and supervised 17 PhD theses and 6 other higher degree theses - M Phil and
DIC - on a wide range oftopics in pyrometallurgy. In 1985 he accepted the position of Professor
of Metallurgical Engineering at the University of Missouri-Roll a (now Missouri S&T) and, from
1985 to 1996, was also the Director of the Generic Mineral Technology Center for
Pyrometallurgy. He worked closely with the first Director, Dr. Art Morris, and was responsible
for all aspects of running this national center for university-based research, funded through the
United States Bureau of Mines and with a budget of about $1,000,000 per annum. This
appointment allowed David to interact closely with pyrometallurgical researchers from all over
the US when their projects were funded by the Center.
When the Center for Pyrometallurgy closed in 1996, with the demise of the United States Bureau
of Mines, David remained at the University as a Professor. He retired in 2008 and was awarded
the title of Professor Emeritus.
In his role as Professor, David supervised 7 PhD theses and 10 MS theses. One of his most
distinguished graduate students in this period was the late Dr. Kent Peaslee, initially an organiser
of this conference, who passed away recently.
David has travelled frequently to be a thesis examiner, give lectures, teach short courses, take
part in conferences, and visit companies as a consultant. In 1995, he spent a period of six
months on development leave at Mintek in South Africa, working on a major project on fuming
zinc from lead blast furnace slags. In 2006 he worked at BHP Billiton's Technical Marketing
Group in Australia for six months and he was a Visiting Professor at Tohoku University for four
months in 2008 and at TIT Kanpur for five months in 20 I O. He is currently a Visiting Professor
at Chongqing University.
4
David is a Member ofTMS and ATST. Tn 2008 he was the recipient of the EPD Distinguished
Lecturer Award from TMS, and in 2010 he was the recipient of the J.F. Elliott Lecturer Award
from ATST.
Protessor Robertson has a wide variety of teaching, research and administrative experience over
more than 40 years since receiving his doctorate in 1968. His teaching duties have covered
courses from 'Introductory Materials for Engineers' to 'Transport Phenomena in Extractive
Metallurgy'. His major emphasis has been in teaching the application of engineering principles
to metallurgical processes for smelting, retining, and solidification.
His research work, embodied in over 100 technical publications and many presentations, has
been concentrated in the same area, including research into the fluid mechanics of processes such
as gas injection into melts, gas jet atomization ofliquid metals, and the behavior of bubbles
rising through melts. Dr Robertson has also worked on thermodynamic measurements in melts,
gas-solid reactions, and mathematical modelling.
David married Ruth Docker from Goulburn, New South Wales, Australia, in London in 1970.
They have two daughters, Anne and Vera, and four grandchildren.
Over a period of more than 40 years, encouraged and supported by his wite Ruth, Professor
David Robertson has made a signiticant contribution to teaching, research and consulting in
pyrometallurgy. He has worked and interacted with the best and brightest in his field and taught
and inspired a generation of graduate and undergraduate students, many of whom hold senior
positions in industry and elsewhere. David is distinguished by his incisive intellect and
dedication but, even more importantly, by his integrity and commitment to the highest standards
in his personal and professional life. This symposium is a fitting tribute to David and his
achievements.
5
APPENDIX
Dr. David G.C. Robertson References
1. D. G. C. Robertson, "Heterogeneous Reactions Between Liquid Metals and Gases," Ph.D. Thesis,
UN.S.W., 1968.
2. A E. Jenkins and D. G. C. Robertson, "Some Recent Studies in the Technique of Dispersed Phase
Refining," Research in Chemical and Extraction Metallurgy, Aus. I.M.M., Melbourne, 1-5, 1967.
4. D. G. C. Robertson and A E. Jenkins, "The Reaction of Liquid Iron and Its Alloys in Pure
Oxygen," Heterogeneous Kinetics at Elevated Temperature, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, 393-408, 1970.
6
13. S. Mizoguchi, D. G. C. Robertson, and A. V. Bradshaw, "Bubble Growth During Stream
Degassing," Second Australasian Conference of Heat and Mass Transfer, Sydney,
Australia, 1977.
16. T. Deb Roy and D. G. C. Robertson, "A Mathematical Model for Stainless Steelmaking.
Part 1. Argon-Oxygen-Steam Mixtures," Ironmaking and Steelmaking. 2, 198-206, 1978.
17. T. Deb Roy and D. G. C. Robertson, "A Mathematical Model for Stainless Steelmaking.
Part n. Application to AOD Heats," Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 2. 206-210, 1978.
20. D. S. Conochie and D. G. C. Robertson, "A Ternary Interfacial Energy Diagram," Trans.
l.M.M., 89, C61-C64, 1980.
21. D. S. Conochie and D. G. C. Robertson, "The Behavior of the Third Phase Produced in Gas
Bubble-Liquid Reactions." Trans. 1.M.M .• 89, C54-C60, 1980.
22. M. Nilmani and D. G. C. Robertson, "Model Studies of Gas Injection at High Flow Rates
Using Water and Mercury." Trans. 1.M.M., 89. C42-C53. 1980.
24. D. G. C. Robertson, "Research in Chemical Process Metallurgy in the Jolm Percy Group,"
Tisco Tech . .T.. January-October, 153-170. 1980.
7
27. J. Herbertson, D. G. C. Robertson, and A. V. Bradshaw, "Critical Experiments on the Role
of Surface Tension Driven Flow in the Kinetics of Oxygen Transfer Between Gases and
Molten Silver," Can. Met. 0., 22, 1-8, 1983.
28. L. Farias and D. G. C. Robertson, "Physical Modeling of Gas-Powder Injection into Liquid
Metals," Third Process Technology Conference Proceedings, J. W. Hlinka, Editor, Tron and
Steel Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 206-222, 1982.
30. S. Ohguchi and D. G. C. Robertson, "Heat Transfer Calculations for Accretion Formation
Around a Tuyere During Submerged Gas Injection into Molten Steel," Injection
Phenomena in Extraction and Refining, A. E. Wraith, Editor, Univ. of
NewcastIe-upon-Tyne, JI-J37, 1982.
33. D. G. C. Robertson, B. Deo, and S. Ohguchi, "A Multicomponent Mixed Transport Control
Theory for the Kinetics of Coupled Slag-Metal and Slag-Metal-Gas Reactions: Application
to Desulphurization of Molten Iron," Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 11, 41-55,1984.
36. S. Ohguchi and D. G. C. Robertson, "A Kinetic Model for Refining Using Submerged
Injection," Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 11, 262-273,1984.
37. S. Ohguchi and D. G. C. Robertson, "A Model of Bulk Phase Mixing and lts Application to
the Kinetics of Powder Injection Retining," Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 11, 274-282,
1984.
8
39. L. M. Keilman and D. G. C. Robertson, "Natural Convection in Gas-Solid Packed Beds,"
Gas-Solid Reactions in Pyrometallurgy, H. Y. Sohn and D. G. C. Robertson, Editors,
Center for Pyrometallurgy, Rolla, MO, 187-194, 1986.
42. A. Unal and D. G. C. Robertson, "Pilot Plant Gas Atomizer for Rapidly Solidified Metal
Powders," International Journal of Rapid Solidification, 2" 219-229, 1986.
48. D. G. C. Robertson, S. Wei, and Anand Raman, "Process Dynamics of Metal/Slag and
Metal/Slag/Gas Reactions," Chemical Process Metallurgy: The Elliott Symposium, G. R.
St. Pierre, and P. J. Koros, Editors, Iron and Steel Society, Warren dale, PA., 413-445,
1990.
9
51. H. Y. Sohn, D. G. C. Robertson, A. K. Agrawal, and K. M. Iyer, "Fluid Flow and Mixing
in Two-Phase Channel Reactors with Bottom Gas Injection," Savard-Lee International
Symposium on Bath Smelting, J. K. Brimacombe et aI., Editors, TMS, Warrendale, PA,
377-412,1992.
57. D. Panda and D. G. C. Robertson, "A Simple Apparatus for Producing Single Liquid
Drops," Review of Scientific Instruments, 65, (7), 2388-2394,1994.
59. K. D. Peaslee and D. G. C. Robertson, "Modeling of Fluid and Particle Flow to Study
Metal Powder Production Through Atomization," Powder Processing Education for the
Year 2000, K. Vedula, W. Frazier, G. Jankowski, Editors, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 111-124,
1994.
10
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
— Niin, minä ajattelen, että herrasväki ajattelee, että tänä päivänä
on paha ilma, mutta silloin olisi teidän pitänyt nähdä —
— Mitä sitten?
— No kuinka se tapahtui?
Herranen aika, saanko sen! — sanoi silloin Lotta. — Sillä hän oli
hulluna kaikkeen, joka sinistä ja punaista oli.
— No, entäs huivi? kysyin minä, kun Ninus oli vähän vaiennut.
— En, nähkääs, sitä minä en tehnyt. Sillä minä sain kuulla, että
ihmiset olivat sanoneet minun purjehtiessa hukuttaneen veljeni.
Mutta se oli ijankaikkinen valhe! Ja todistaakseni sen, en minä
ottanut Lottaa. Sillä joskaan minun veljeni ei koskaan ollut pitänyt
niin paljo samasta tytöstä kuin minä, en minä kuitenkaan olisi voinut
tehdä hänelle mitään pahaa. Muistakaa se!
— Laske keulapurje!
Lumen alla.
Ystäväni joka on kotoisin tunturiseuduilta, kertoi:
Elin soitti piaanoa ja minun piti lukea ääneen. Isä istui ja hypisteli
viimeisiä sanomalehtiä — uuden postin saantiin olisi pitkä aika. Äiti
koetteli kyökissä laitella mieliruokiamme. Piikamme tiesi nyt, ettei
hän tulisi tapaamaan sulhastaan ensi lauantai-iltana.
Ensi ajat kuluivat. Meillä oli puheenainetta kylliksi, ulkomaailma oli
mielissämme vielä selväpiirteisenä.
Lopuksi tuli paha tuuli. Isästä oli ruoka huonoa — vaikka äiti teki
kaksi torstaita viikossa, jos torstai merkitsee silavaa ja pannukakkua.
Elin väitti, että minä luin kehnosti, ja minä sanoin että hän soitti
väärin. Otaksuttavasti äiti vuorostaan riiteli piialle kyökissä.
Vaimo lakkasi.
— Vai niin.
— Kun voisi vaan pitää tiet auki.
Koetimme nauraa.
— Äiti oli ottanut Raamatun, josta luki ääneen isälle. Mutta isä istui
ja odotteli kokonaista vuosikertaa »Matti Meikäläistä.» Jos sen taas
piti olla raamattua, niin silloin kertomus Susannasta.
Ikävää oli rengistä täyttää tämä työ. Nyt olivat asiat kahta
hullummin.
Elin oikein laihtui.
Hän kaunistui. Minä sanoin sen hänelle. Mutta silloin aivan kuin
piaanon ääressä, hän — punastui — ja minä menin sanaakaan
sanomatta huoneeseni.
Kuni hullut kiidimme alas isän ja äidin luo. Isäni sanoi, että näinä
päivinä ei kukaan saanut mennä käytäviin — alas laskeutuva lumi
voisi haudata alleen.
Sekä isä että äiti sanoivat, että he sen kyllä olivat ymmärtäneet jo
aikoja sitten. Ainoa, mikä heitä suututti, oli se, etteivät he itse enään
olleet nuoria.
Tupa.
Laivuri Pietari Ollinpoika oli purjehtinut monella merellä ja oli hän
nyt vanha ja valkea. Nyt viimeksi oli hän ollut haaksirikossa
Pohjanmerellä. Ja perin köyhänä miehenä palasi hän
synnyinseuduilleen kalastajakylään.
Ja kun hän nyt istui tuttaviensa ja ystäviensä joukossa, oli hän niin
vakava ja raskasmielinen. Mutta toiset keräsivät hänelle rahoja.
Kertyi juuri niin paljon, että hän voi rakentaa pienen tuvan. Kiittäen
otti ukko rahat vastaan. Hän oli pakoitettu siihen.
— Ulkona kävelemässä.
Illalla tuli hän takaisin. Ja nyt puhui hän suunsa puhtaaksi. Hän oli
ollut kalastusrannikon nimismiehen puheilla kuulustelemassa,
voisiko hän saada itselleen tonttimaata synnyinkalliollaan. Siellä oli
eräs saatavissa.
— Haluatteko niin, isä? Eihän ole kauvan siitä kuin tulimme tänne.
— Entäs tupa?
Vahinkolaukaus.
— Niin, sinulla on hurjat silmät kuin apinalla, niin pian kuin vaan
saat jonkun nähdä. Sinun täytyy heretä katselemasta, sanon minä.
Sillä minä en sitä tahdo.
— Etkö sinä voi ottaa jotakin toista, jotakuta niistä, jotka ovat
syntyneet ja kasvaneet täällä saarella. Miksi sinä välttämättömästi
tahtoisit ottaa vierasseutulaisen? Joonas ja sinä olette kasvaneet
yhdessä, pienokaisista asti — ota hänet, tyttäreni?
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