Test Practice Problems

TEST PRACTICE PROBLEMS – 1 𝑦-intercept = 2√𝑓 2 − 𝑐

−7
For the given circle 𝑓 = ; 𝑐 = 12
Q1. A 2

The length of the chord is equivalent to the 𝑦-intercept 49

of the circle ∴ 𝑦 − intercept = 2√ − 12 = 1
4
Q2. B The centre of given circle is (2, 1) and its radius is 4
3 3 units.
For the given circle, centre 𝐶1 ≡ (4 , 0) radius 𝑟1 = 4
The moving circle has a radius of 1 unit and it touches
The number of points at a distance of 2 from the point
𝐶1 throughout.
(−2,1) can be calculated by intersecting a circle with
Hence, the locus of the centre of moving circle is a
centre at (−2,1) and radius 2 with the given circle.
circle at (2, 1) with radius 5 units (Sum of radii of the
Based on the distance between the centres of the circle
two circles)
and their radii, we can find the nature of interaction.
∴ (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 25
So, 𝐶2 ≡ (−2,1) & 𝑟2 = 2
∴ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 20 = 0
2
3 √137
Now, 𝐶1 𝐶2 = √( + 2) + (0 − 1)2 = Q8. A
4 4
We will solve this using the concept of family of circles,
3 11 where we have a line 𝐿 = 0 which is a tangent to a
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = 2 + =
4 4 circle at (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 )
Clearly, 𝐶1 𝐶2 > 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 , the two circles do not
∴ (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦 − 𝑦1 )2 + 𝜆(2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1) = 0
intersect. So, no points on the given circle would be at
represents the family of all such circles.
a distance of 2 units from the given point.
∴ (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 + 𝜆(2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1) = 0 (1)
Q3. D ∴ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + (2𝜆 − 6)𝑥 − 𝑦(10 + 𝜆) + 34 − 𝜆 = 0
For the given circles 10 + 𝜆
The centre of above circle is (−𝜆 + 3, )
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 = 0; 𝐶1 ≡ (3,0) 𝑟1 = 3 2
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 14𝑦 + 48 = 0; 𝐶2 ≡ (3,7) 𝑟2 = √10 Putting this point on 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5 = 0
Now, 𝐶1 𝐶2 = 7 and 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = 3 + √10 we get 𝜆 = 6
∴ 𝐶1 𝐶2 > 𝑟1 𝑟2 ∴ The circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 − 16𝑦 + 28 = 0
⇒ The circles do not touch each other [putting 𝜆 = 6 in (1)]
⇒ 4 tangents are possible Q9. D
Q4. B For perpendicular tangents the origin must lie on the
For the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 , equation of a tangent in director circle

slope form is: 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± 𝑎√1 + 𝑚2 Radius of given circle is =√𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 − 𝑞 2 = |𝑝|

∴ In this case, 𝑎 = 2 since [𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 2√1 + 𝑚2 ] ⟹ Radius of director circle = √2|𝑝|
∴ The circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 Now the director circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑝𝑥 − 2𝑞𝑦 = 0
∴ To satisfy the radius condition √2|𝑝| = √𝑝2 + 𝑞 2
Q5. C
∴ 2𝑝2 = 𝑝2 + 𝑞 2
We need to find whether the point lies inside, on or
∴ 𝑝2 = 𝑞 2
outside the circle.
∴ 𝑝 = ±𝑞
1 9
For the point, 𝑆1 = 1 + + 4 + 1 − 4 =
4 4 Q10. D
Since 𝑆1 > 0, the point lies outside the circle. Hence, 2 The touching circle passes through centre of 𝑥 2 +
tangents will be possible. 𝑦 2 = 9 i.e. origin. It is clear that the circles are
Q6. A internally touching ⇒ 𝐶1 𝐶2 = 𝑟1 − 𝑟2
The locus of the point where perpendicular tangents Let (ℎ, 𝑘) be the centre of the circle
meet is the director circle. The director circle in this ∴ Distance of (ℎ, 𝑘) from (0,0) = distance of (ℎ, 𝑘)
case is given by 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16 from (1,0)
∴ ℎ2 + 𝑘 2 = (ℎ − 1)2 + 𝑘 2
Putting 𝑥 = 3 in 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16, we get 𝑦 = ±√7 ⇒The
1
points are (3, ±√7) ∴ℎ=
2
Q7. A Now 𝐶1 𝐶2 = √𝑘 2 + 1⁄4 ; 𝑟1 = 3; 𝑟2 = √𝑘 2 + 1⁄4
Applying 𝐶1 𝐶2 = 𝑟1 − 𝑟2

∴ 2√𝑘 2 + 1⁄4 = 3

⇒ 𝑘 = ±√2
1
⇒ (ℎ, 𝑘) = ( , ±√2)
2

T.P.P.
Q11. B 2𝜆 + 1
∴ −2 ( )+1=0
To solve this we need to use the concept of family of 𝜆+1
circle ⇒ −4𝜆 − 2 + 𝜆 + 1 = 0
The equation of the family is 𝑆 + 𝜆𝑆 ′ = 0 1
⇒𝜆=−
∴ 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 25 + 𝜆(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 13𝑥 − 3
Putting 𝜆 = −1/3 in 1, the equation of the required
3𝑦) = 0 (1)
Putting (1,1) in equation (1) circle is 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0
On solving we get 𝜆 = 2 Q15. B
∴The circle is 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 30𝑥 − 13𝑦 − 25 = 0 Let any point on the line 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4 be (ℎ, 𝑘)
Since it lies on the given line, we can say:
Q12. A
2ℎ + 𝑘 = 4
For the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 169, the director circle will be
⟹ 𝑘 = 4 − 2ℎ
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 338.
So, we are drawing a chord of contact from the point
(17,7) lies on 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 338
(ℎ, 4 − 2ℎ)
⇒ Tangents from this point are mutually
Equation of chord of contact is given by 𝑇 = 0, hence,
perpendicular
the equation will be
⇒ Both statements are true
ℎ𝑥 + (4 − 2ℎ)𝑦 = 1 ⟹ (𝑥 − 2𝑦)ℎ + (4𝑦 − 1) = 0
Also statement 2 explains statement 1 by describing
The above equation is the equation of family of lines
the locus of the director circle.
where ℎ is a parameter.
Q13. D This family of lines always passes through the point of
Equation of the tangent will be: intersection of the two lines (𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 0
1 1
and (4𝑦 − 1) = 0 which is ( , )
2 4
Hence, the chord of contact from any point on the
1 1
given line always passes through the point (2 , 4)

Q16. B
The equation of the circle can be rewritten in the form
𝑝 2 𝑝 2 𝑝2
(𝑥 + ) + (𝑦 + ) =
2 2 2
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑟 2 [𝑇 = 0 form] Therefore, the parametric form of the equation of the
𝑟2 𝑟2 given circle is
⇒ The tangent cuts the axes at ( , 0) and (0, ) 𝑝 𝑝 𝑝
𝑎 𝑏 𝑥=− + cos 𝜃 = (−1 + √2 cos 𝜃)
2 √2 2
1 𝑟2 𝑟2 𝑝 𝑝
⇒ Area = × × And 𝑦 = − + sin 𝜃
2 𝑎 𝑏 2 √2
∵ Area must be positive 𝑝
= (−1 + √2 sin 𝜃)
𝑟4 2
So, 𝐴 =
2|𝑎𝑏| Q17. A
Q14. C The circles are with centres (2, 0) and (−2, 0) and
The equation of the common chord of the circles radius 4.
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0
and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 2 = 0 is given by
2𝑦 + 1 = 0 [Using: 𝑆 − 𝑆′ = 0]
The equation of a circle passing through the
intersection of the given circles is
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1) + 𝜆(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 2)
3 + 3𝜆 1 + 2𝜆 1 + 2𝜆
⇒ 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑥 ( ) + 2𝑦 ( )+ =0
𝜆+1 𝜆+1 𝜆+1
(1)
Since 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 is a diameter of this circle. Therefore, the 𝑦-axis is their common chord.
3 + 3𝜆 2𝜆 + 1 1 1
Therefore, its centre (− ,− ) lies on it. Area of 𝐴𝐷𝐵𝐶 = × 𝑑1 × 𝑑2 = × 4 × 4√3
2(𝜆 + 1) 𝜆+1 2 2
= 8√3 sq. units
Q18. C Q21. A
Let the equation of the chord 𝑂𝐴 of the circle
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 0 (i)
be 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 (ii)

From the figure

2(1 − 𝑟)2 = 𝑟 2 ⇒ √2(1 − 𝑟) = 𝑟
√2
⇒𝑟= = √2(√2 − 1) = 2 − √2
solving (i) and (ii), we get √2 + 1
𝑥 2 + 𝑚2 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑚𝑥 = 0 Q22. B
⇒ (1 + 𝑚2 )𝑥 2 − (2 − 4𝑚)𝑥 = 0
1
2 − 4𝑚 Clearly, the slope of the tangent will be − ( 𝑏 ) ,
⇒ 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 =
1 + 𝑚2 𝑎
Hence, the points of intersection are 𝑎
i.e., − .
2 − 4𝑚 𝑚(2 − 4𝑚) 𝑏
(0, 0) and 𝐴 ( , )
1 + 𝑚2 1 + 𝑚2
2 − 4𝑚 2 (2 − 4𝑚)2
⇒ 𝑂𝐴2 = ( ) (1 + 𝑚 2)
=
1 + 𝑚2 1 + 𝑚2
Since ∆𝑂𝐴𝐵 is an isosceles right-angled triangle,
1
𝑂𝐴2 = 𝐴𝐵2
2
where 𝐴𝐵 is the diameter of the given circle. Hence,
𝑂𝐴2 = 10 𝑎
Hence, the equation of the tangent is 𝑦 = − 𝑥, i. e.,
(2 − 4𝑚)2 𝑏
⇒ = 10 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑎𝑥 = 0
1 + 𝑚2
⇒ 4 − 16𝑚 + 16𝑚2 = 10(1 + 𝑚2 ) Q23. C
⇒ 6𝑚2 − 16𝑚 − 6 = 0 The centre of the circle is (1, 0) and the radius is 1. The
1
i. e. , 𝑚 = 3, − line will touch the circle if |cos 𝜃 − 2| = 1,
3
i.e., cos 𝜃 = 1
Hence, the required equation are
1 Thus, 𝜃 = 2𝑛𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝐼
𝑦 = 3𝑥 or 𝑦 = − 𝑥
3 Q24. B
Q19. B The given circle is (𝑥 − 2)2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 , the centre is
By Pythagoras theorem, 𝑟 2 + 𝑟 2 = 32 + 32 = 18 (2, 0) and the radius is 2.
Therefore, distance between (2, 0) and (5, 6) is
√9 + 36 = 3√5
3√5 − 2 3√5 + 2
Then, 𝑟1 = and 𝑟2 =
2 2
41
∴ 𝑟1 𝑟2 =
4
or 𝑟 2 = 9 or 𝑟 = 3 Q25. C
Let the midpoint of the chord be 𝑃(ℎ, 𝑘)
Q20. A
Then 𝐶𝑃 = √ℎ2 + 𝑘 2 , where 𝐶 is the centre of the
Let the centre of the circle be (ℎ, 𝑘)
circle. Since the chord subtends a right angle at the
5
Slope of the given line = − centre, we can say that 𝐶𝑃 splits the angle into equal
2
5 3−𝑘 angles of 45°. From this, we can say that
⇒ (− ) ( ) = −1
2 2−ℎ Radius = √2 √ℎ2 + 𝑘 2 ⇒ 2 = √2 √ℎ2 + 𝑘 2
⇒ 15 − 5𝑘 = 4 − 2ℎ Therefore, the locus of 𝑃 is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 2
Therefore, the locus is 2𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 11 = 0

T.P.P.
TEST PRACTICE PROBLEMS – 2 2 2 1 2 64 1
= √(2 − ) + ( ) = √ + 2
Q26. B 5 25 25 25
Clearly, lines 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4, 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 14 are parallel and 1 1
= √64 × 25 + 1 = ∙ √1601
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 22, 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 62 are parallel. Also the line 25 25
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4 is perpendicular to the line 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 22. ∴ the required equation of the circle is
So the four lines form a rectangle. 2 2 1 2 1 2
(𝑥 − ) + (𝑦 + ) = ( √1601)
5 25 25
(5𝑥 − 2)2 (25𝑦 + 1)2 1601
or + =
25 252 252
or 25(5𝑥 − 2) + (25𝑦 + 1)2 = 1601
2

or 625𝑥 2 − 500𝑥 + 100 + 625𝑦 2 + 50𝑦 + 1 = 1601

Let two ends of a diagonal be 𝐴, 𝐵 as shown in the
or 625(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) − 500𝑥 + 50𝑦 = 1500
figure. Clearly, the circle circumscribing the rectangle
∴ 25(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) − 20𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 60.
is the circle whose one diameter has the ends 𝐴 and 𝐵.
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 14 and 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 22. Q28. D
Solving these, 10𝑥 = 80 Let the circle be 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 (1)
∴ 𝑥 = 8; so 𝑦 = 22 − 3𝑥 = 22 − 3 × 8 = −2. Here, centre= (−𝑔, −𝑓) and radius = √𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐.
∴ 𝐴 = (8, −2). 1 passes through (1, 2) and (3, 4).
The point 𝐵 is the intersection of ∴ 12 + 22 + 2𝑔 + 4𝑓 + 𝑐 = 0,
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4 and 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 62. i.e., 2𝑔 + 4𝑓 + 𝑐 + 5 = 0 (2)
Solving these, 10𝑥 = 190 and 32 + 42 + 6𝑔 + 8𝑓 + 𝑐 = 0,
∴ 𝑥 = 19; so 𝑦 = 62 − 3𝑥 = 62 − 3 × 19 = 5 i.e., 6𝑔 + 8𝑓 + 𝑐 + 25 = 0 (3)
∴ 𝐵 = (19, 5) As the line 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 = 0 touches the circle (1),
∴ the required circle has the equation radius = distance of the centre (−𝑔, −𝑓) from the line
(𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 − 19) + (𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 5) = 0 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 = 0
or 𝑥 2 − 27𝑥 + 152 + 𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 − 10 = 0 −3𝑔 − 𝑓 − 3
or √𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐 = | |
or 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 27𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 142 = 0. √32 + 12
(3𝑔 + 𝑓 + 3)2
Q27. A or 𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐 =
The point of intersection of 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 1 (1) 10
or 10𝑔2 + 10𝑓 2 − 10𝑐
(2 + 𝑐)𝑥 + 5𝑐 2 𝑦 = 1 (2)
= 9𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 + 9 + 6𝑔𝑓 + 18𝑔 + 6𝑓
is obtained by solving (1) and (2).
1 − 3𝑥 or 𝑔2 + 9𝑓 2 + 6𝑔𝑓 − 18𝑔 − 6𝑓 − 10𝑐 = 0 (4)
From (1), 𝑦 = . From (3) − (2), 4𝑔 + 4𝑓 + 20 = 0
5
1 − 3𝑥 or 𝑔 + 𝑓 + 5 = 0
Putting in (2), (2 + 𝑐)𝑥 + 5𝑐 2 ∙ =1 ∴ 𝑔 = (𝑓 + 5) (5)
5
2
or (2 + 𝑐)𝑥 + 𝑐 (1 − 3𝑥) = 1 Putting in (4),
or (2 + 𝑐 − 3𝑐 2 )𝑥 = 1 − 𝑐 2 (𝑓 + 5)2 + 9𝑓 2 + 6𝑓(𝑓 + 5) + 18(𝑓 + 5) − 6𝑓 −
1 − 𝑐2 10𝑐 = 9 (6)
∴𝑥= .
2 + 𝑐 − 3𝑐 2 From (2) and (5), −2(𝑓 + 5) + 4𝑓 + 𝑐 + 5 = 0
2
1−𝑐 (1 + 𝑐)(1 − 𝑐) or 2𝑓 + 𝑐 − 5 = 0
Now, lim = lim
𝑐→1 2 + 𝑐 − 3𝑐 𝑐→1 (2 + 3𝑐)(1 − 𝑐) ∴ 𝑐 = 5 − 2𝑓 (7)
1+𝑐 2 ∴from (6), (7) we get
= lim = .
𝑐→1 2 + 3𝑐 5 (𝑓 + 5)2 + 9𝑓 2 + 6𝑓(𝑓 + 5) + 18(𝑓 + 5) − 6𝑓
2 −10(5 − 2𝑓) = 9
∴ for the centre, 𝑥 = .
5 or 16𝑓 2 + 72𝑓 + 56 = 0
So from (1),
2
or 2𝑓 2 + 9𝑓 + 7 = 0
1 − 3𝑥 1 − 3. 5 5 − 6 −1 or (2𝑓 + 7)(𝑓 + 1) = 0
𝑦= = = =
5 5 25 25 7
2 −1 ∴ 𝑓 = −1, −
∴ centre = ( , ). 2
5 25 7 3
2 −1 ∴ from (5)𝑔 = −(−1 + 5), − (− + 5) = −4, −
∴ radius = distance between ( , ) and (2, 0) 2 2
5 25 7
from (7), 𝑐 = 5 − 2(−1), 5 − 2 (− ) = 7, 12
2
 ∴ we get 𝑓 = −1, 𝑔 = −4, 𝑐 = 7 Q32. D
7 −3 The length of the perpendicular from the centre
or 𝑓 = − , 𝑔 = , 𝑐 = 12.
2 2 (3, −1) to the chord
∴ the required circle (1) is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 7 = 0 2 × 3 − 5(−1) + 18 29
or 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 3𝑥 − 7𝑦 + 12 = 0. =| |= = √29
2
√2 + (−5) 2 √29
Q29. B 2
As (1, 4) is interior point of the circle 𝑆, ∴ radius = √32 + (√29) = √38.
12 + 42 − 6 ∙ 1 − 10 ∙ 4 + 𝑘 < 0;
∴ 𝑘 < 29.
Solving 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 𝑘 = 0, we
get 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0
The circle 𝑆 will neither cut the 𝑥-axis nor touch it if
disc. < 0, i.e., 36 − 4𝑙 < 0;
∴ 𝑘 > 9. ∴ the required equation of the circle is
Solving 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 𝑘 = 0, we 2
(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = (√38)
get 𝑦 2 − 10𝑦 + 𝑘 = 0
The circle 𝑆 will neither cut the 𝑦-axis nor touch it if or 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 38
disc. < 0, i.e., 102 − 4𝑘 < 0; or 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 28 = 0.
∴ 𝑘 > 25 Q33. C
∴ 𝑘 should satisfy 𝑘 > 29, 𝑘 > 9, 𝑘 > 25 Let 𝑃(𝛼, 𝛽) be the middle point of any chord 𝐴𝐵
∴ 25 < 𝑘 < 29, i. e. , 𝑘 ∈ (25, 29). through the given point (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ).
Q30. C
The point (2𝛼, 𝛼 + 1) must be an interior point of the
circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 8 = 0
∴ (2𝛼)2 + (𝛼 + 1)2 − 2 ∙ 2𝛼 − 2(𝛼 − 1) − 8 < 0
or 5𝛼 2 − 4𝛼 − 9 = 0 or (5𝛼 − 9)(𝛼 + 1) < 0
∴ by sign-scheme we have −1 < 𝛼 < 9/5 (1)
Also, the centre (1, 1) of the circle and the point
The centre of the circle is 𝑂(0, 0). Clearly 𝑃𝑂 is
(2𝛼, 𝑎 + 1) must be on the same side of the line 𝑥 −
perpendicular to 𝐴𝐵.
𝑦 + 1 = 0.
𝛽 − 𝑦1
Clearly, 1 − 1 + 1 > 0; so, 2𝛼 − (𝛼 + 1) + 1 > 0; Now, ′𝑚′ of 𝐴𝐵 =
𝛼 − 𝑥1
∴𝛼>0 (2)
𝛽 − 0 𝛽
∴ the set of values of 𝛼 satisfying (1) and (2) is ′𝑚′ of 𝑂𝑃 = =
𝛼−0 𝛼
(0, 9/5). 𝛽 − 𝑦1 𝛽
∴ . = −1 or 𝛼(𝛼 − 𝑥1 ) + 𝛽(𝛽 − 𝑦1 ) = 0
Q31. A 𝛼 − 𝑥1 𝛼
For the given circle, centre = (1, 2) and ∴ the equation of the locus of 𝑃(𝛼, 𝛽) is
radius = √12 + 22 − (−20) = 5. 𝑥(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) + 𝑦(𝑦 − 𝑦1 ) = 0.
So, the required circle of radius 5 must touch the given Q34. A
circle externally. The centre of the circle is the point of intersection of
the diameters 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1, which is
(3, 2). If 𝑟 is the radius of the circle, then 𝜋 𝑟 2 = 9𝜋 ⇒
𝑟 = 3 and the equation of the circle is
(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 32
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 4 = 0
Let the centre of the required circle be (𝛼, 𝛽).
𝛼+1 𝛽+2 Q35. D
∴ = 5 and =5 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 12 = 0 meets 𝑥 -axis at 𝐴(4, 0) and 𝑦 -axis
2 2
∴ 𝛼 = 9, 𝛽 = 8 at 𝐵(0, 3). Equation of the circle on the line joining 𝐴
∴ for the circle, centre = (9, 8) and radius = 5. and 𝐵 as diameter is
∴ the equation of the required circle is (𝑥 − 0)(𝑥 − 4) + (𝑦 − 0)(𝑦 − 3) = 0
(𝑥 − 9)2 + (𝑦 − 8)2 = 52 ⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0
or 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 18𝑥 − 16𝑦 + 120 = 0.

T.P.P.
Q36. B The chord 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5 = 0 is a diameter of this circle if
Since the given equation represents a circle, co- −3𝜆 −𝜆
the centre ( , ) of the circle lies on the chord.
2 2
efficient of 𝑥 2 = co-efficient of 𝑦 2 −3𝜆 𝜆
⇒ 3 = 𝑎 + 1 ⇒ 𝑎 = 2 and the equation of the circle ⇒ 3( )− +5=0
2 2
becomes ⇒ 𝜆 = 1 and the required equation of the circle is 𝑥 2 +
3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 − 9𝑦 + 6 = 0 𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 11 = 0.
or 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2 = 0
whose centre is (−1, 3/2) and Q43. B
Centre of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16 is (0, 0) and its
√5
radius = √1 + (3/2)2 − 2 = . radius is 4. Centre of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 = 0 is
2
(0, 1) and its radius is 1.
Q37. B Distance between the centres = 1 which is less than
The point (𝑎, 𝑎) lies outside the given circle if the difference between the radii.
𝑎2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑎 + 6𝑎 − 6 > 0 ⇒ 2(𝑎2 + 2𝑎 − 3) > 0 Second circle lies inside the first circle so there is no
⇒ (𝑎 + 3)(𝑎 − 1) > 0 ⇒ 𝑎 > 1 as 𝑎 > 0 real common tangent to the given circles.
Q38. D
The diameter meets the given circle at the point (3, 4)
in the first quadrant.
Equation of the tangent to the circle at this point is
𝑥(3) + 𝑦(4) = 25 ⇒ 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 25
The line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 is a tangent to the circle 𝑥 2 +
𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 if and only if 𝑐 2 = 𝑟 2 (1 + 𝑚2 ).
The lines 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± 𝑟√1 + 𝑚2 are tangents to the
circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 , for all finite values of 𝑚. If 𝑚 is
infinite, the tangent are 𝑥 ± 𝑟 = 0. Q44. D
The point of intersection (1, 1) of the given lines is the
Q39. C centre of the circle.
Let the radius of the circle be 𝑟, so its equation is 𝑥 2 + ⇒ 𝑎2 − 7𝑎 + 11 = 1, 𝑎 2 − 6𝑎 + 6 = 1
𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 . As the line 𝑦 = √3𝑥 + 4 touches this circle, ⇒ 𝑎 = 5 and the equation of the circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 −
2
(4)2 = 𝑟 2 (1 + (√3) ) ⇒ 𝑟 2 = 4 ⇒ 𝑟 = 2 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑏3 + 1 = 0
so the required radius is 2. So radius of the circle = √1 + 1 − (𝑏3 + 1) = √1 − 𝑏3
For radius to be real 𝑏3 < 1 ⇒ 𝑏 ∈ (−∞, 1)
Q40. A
Centre of the circle is (2, −3) and radius = Q45. B
√22 + (−3)2 + 3 = 4. So if 𝑃𝑇 is the tangent from Centre of the circle is on the line 𝑥 = 5 at a distance
𝑃(3, 4) to the circle, then equal to the radius of the circle from the axis of 𝑥.
(𝑃𝑇)2 = (𝑃𝐶)2 − (𝐶𝑇)2 Let the coordinates of the centre be (5, 𝑘), so the
= (3 − 2)2 + (4 + 3)2 − 42 = 34. equation of the circle is
(𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑘 2
The required length of the tangent is √34.
As it passes through the point (4, −1)
Q41. D (4 − 5)2 + (−1 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑘 2 ⇒ 𝑘 = −1
As the circle touches both the axes, the distance of the and the equation o the circle is
centre from both the axes in 3 units. So the centre of (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 1
the circle can be (±3, ±3) and hence there are four which passes through the point (6, −1)
circles with radius 3, touching both the axes and their Note : (6, −1) is the other end of the diameters
equations are through (4, −1) of the circle.
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ± 6𝑥 ± 6𝑦 + 9 = 0
Q42. C
Equation of any circle passing through the points of
intersection of the chord and the circle is
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 16 + 𝜆(3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5) = 0
Q46. D ⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 50 − 𝑟 2 = 0 which passes
Centre of the circle is (𝑎, −𝑎) and the line 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2𝑎 through the origin if 𝑟 2 = 50 ⇒ 𝑟 = 5√2.
passes through it. So it is a diameter of the given circle.
Q53. A
Q47. D 𝐿 passes through the centre (4, −5) of the circle 𝑆 and
Centre of 𝑆 is (3, −2) and its radius is hence is a diameter and every diameter is a normal to
√32 + (−2)2 + 3 = 4 the circle.
Length of the perpendicular of (3, −2) from the line 𝐿 Q54. B
4(3)+3(−2)+19
is | | = 5 which is greater than the radius Let the centre of the circle be (0, 𝑘). As it passes
√(4)2 +(3)2
through the origin, its radius is 𝑘.
of 𝑆.
Since it touches the second circle
So the line 𝐿 lies outside the circle 𝑆.
√(0 − 2)2 + (𝑘 − 2)2 = 𝑘 + 2
Q48. A
⇒ (𝑘 + 2)2 − (𝑘 − 2)2 = 4
Centre of the first circle is (−1, 4) and its radius is 1
√1 + 16 + 8 = 5. Centre of the second circle is (−1, 3) ⇒𝑘=
2
and its radius is √1 + 9 + 6 = 4.
Q55. C
Distance between the centres = 1 difference between
(3, 4) lies inside the circle
the radii, so the two circles touch each other internally
⇒ (3)2 + (4)2 − 7(3) + 5(4) − 𝑝 < 0 ⇒ 24 < 𝑝
at a common point (−1, −1)
(−3, −4) lies outside the circle
Q49. C ⇒ (−3)2 + (−4)2 − 7(−3) + 5(−4) − 𝑝 < 0.
Since the triangle is isosceles, third vertex lies on the ⇒ 𝑝 < 26.
line 𝑥 = 0, perpendicular to the base and passing So 𝑝 ∈ (24, 26)
through the mid-point (0, 0) of the base. As the area is
Q56. B
𝑎2 , distance of the vertex from the base is 𝑎 as the
The line meets the circle at points whose 𝑥 -
length of the base is 2𝑎. So vertex o the triangle is
coordinates are the roots of the equation
(0, ±𝑎) and let the equation of the circle passing
𝑥 2 + (𝑥 + 1)2 = 16 ⇒ 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 = 0
through the vertices of the triangle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 +
⇒ 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = −1
2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, then 𝑎2 + 2𝑔𝑎 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 2 − 𝑔𝑎 + 𝑐 = 0
So if (ℎ, 𝑘) is the required point.
and 𝑎2 ± 2𝑎 + 𝑐 = 0 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 1
⇒ 𝑐 = −𝑎2 , 𝑔 = 𝑓 = 0 and the equation of the ℎ= =−
2 2
required circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 . 1
and ℎ + 𝑘 + 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝑘 = −
Q50. D 2
1 1
If the circle touches the axis of 𝑦, distance of its centre and the required point is (− , − )
2 2
(3, 4) from the axis of 𝑦 is equal to the radius
√(3)2 + (4)2 − (25 − 𝑎2 ) of the circle. Q57. D
Let 𝑃 be the point (4, 3) and 𝑄(ℎ, 𝑘) be the other
⇒ 3 = √𝑎2 ⇒ 𝑎 = ±3 extremity of the chord through 𝑃. Centre of the circle
is the origin 0. Then 𝑂𝑃 is perpendicular to 𝑂𝑄.
TEST PRACTICE PROBLEMS – 3 𝑘 3
⇒ × = −1
ℎ 4
Q51. D 𝑘 4
⇒ −−
Equation of the circle is ℎ 3
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 4) + (𝑦 + 3)(𝑦 − 7) = 0 which is satisfied by (ℎ, 𝑘) = (−3, 4)
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 29 = 0. Q58. C
Centre is (1, −2), radius = √34 If 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 = 𝑎2 + 1 touches the circle, length of the
Distance of the centre from the origin is √5 < √34. perpendicular of the centre (0, 0) o the circle from the
So the origin lies inside the circle. line is √10, the radius of the circle.
Q52. B 0 + 0.9 − (𝑎2 + 1)
⇒| | = √10
2+6+7 3+7+5 √1 + 𝑎2
Centroid of the triangle is ( , )
3 3 ⇒ √1 + 𝑎2 = √10
= (5, 5). Let the equation of the circle be (𝑥 − 5)2 + ⇒ 𝑎2 = 9 ⇒ 𝑎 = ±3
(𝑦 − 5)2 = 𝑟 2 , 𝑟 being the radius.

T.P.P.
Q59. C 11 0 𝑡 1
5 (−2)(−4) + (𝑡 − 3)(𝑡 − 5) − |2 3 1| = 0
Let 𝐶1 (− 2 , 3) be the centre and 𝑟1 = 2
4 5 1
2 ⇒ 𝑡 2 − 19𝑡 + 34 = 0 ⇒ 𝑡 = 2, 17
√(− 5) + (3)2 + 1 be the radius of the first circle and
2
Q63. B
𝑎 1 𝑎 2 1 2
𝐶2 (− 2 , 2) be the centre and 𝑟2 = √(− 2 ) + (2) − 1 ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐶 = 75°
⇒ ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 30°
be the radius of the second circle. If 𝑃 is a point of
⇒ ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 60°
intersection of the two circles then
⇒ 𝐵𝑂𝐶 is an equilateral triangle
(𝐶1 𝑃)2 + (𝐶2 𝑃)2 = (𝐶1 𝐶2 )2
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑂𝐵 = the radius of the circle
5 2 𝑎 2 1 2
⇒ (− ) + (3)2 + 1 + (− ) + ( ) − 1 ⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑎.
2 2 2
−5 𝑎 2 1 2 6
=( + ) + (3 − ) ⇒ 𝑎 = −
2 2 2 5

Q64. B
′ ′
Note : We could also use 2𝑔𝑔 + 2𝑓𝑓 = 𝑐 + 𝑐 ′ Equation of any circle through (0, 0) and (1, 0) is
𝑥 𝑦 1
Q60. C (𝑥 − 0)(𝑥 − 1) + (𝑦 − 0)(𝑦 − 0) + 𝜆 |0 0 1| = 0
Let the equation of the circle be 1 0 1
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 5𝑥 + 4 + 𝜆(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 − 4) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 + 𝜆𝑦 = 0
It passes through the origin if 4 − 4𝜆 = 0 If it represents 𝐶3 , its radius = 1
⇒ 𝜆 = 1 and the equation of the circle is ⇒ 1 = (1/4) + (𝜆2 /4) ⇒ 𝜆 = ±√3
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 0
5 5
Centre of the circle is (− , − )
4 4
Q61. D
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± 6√1 + 𝑚2 is the equation of any tangent to
the circle. If it passes through (ℎ, 𝑘), then 𝑘 = 𝑚ℎ ±
6√1 + 𝑚2 ⇒ (𝑘 − 𝑚ℎ)2 = 36(1 + 𝑚2 )
⇒ (36 − ℎ2 )𝑚2 + 2𝑚 ℎ 𝑘 + (36 − 𝑘 2 ) = 0
which gives two values of 𝑚 say 𝑚1 and 𝑚2 , slopes of
two tangents passing thought (ℎ, 𝑘). These tangent
are perpendicular As the centre of 𝐶3 , lies above the 𝑥-axis, we take 𝜆 =
36 − 𝑘 2 −√3 and thus an equation of 𝐶3 is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 −
If 𝑚1 𝑚2 = −1 ⇒ = −1
36 − ℎ2 √3𝑦 = 0
⇒ ℎ + 𝑘 = 72 ⇒ Locus of (ℎ, 𝑘) is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 72.
2 2
Since 𝐶1 and 𝐶3 intersect and are of unit radius, their
Q62. C common tangents are parallel to the line joining their
An equation of a circle through (2, 3) and (4, 5) is centres (0, 0) and (1/2, √3/2).
𝑥 𝑦 1 So, let the equation of a common tangent be
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 4) + (𝑦 − 3)(𝑦 − 5) + 𝜆 |2 3 1| = 0 √3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑘 = 0
4 5 1 𝑘
It will pass through (0, 2) if It will touch 𝐶1 , if | | = 1 ⇒ 𝑘 = ±2
0 2 1 √3 + 1
(−2)(−4) + (−1)(−3) + 𝜆 |2 3 1| = 0 From the figure, we observe that the required tangent
4 5 1 makes positive intercept on the 𝑦-axis and negative on
⇒ 11 + 2𝜆 = 0 the 𝑥-axis and hence its equation is √3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2 = 0.
⇒ 𝜆 = −11/2 and it will pass through (0, 𝑡) if
 –

𝑦 −𝑎
Q65. B the equation of 𝐴𝑂 is = which meets the circle
𝑥 𝑏
Let 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑎, then 𝐴𝐵 = 2𝑎 and 𝑟 be the radius of the 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 at points for which
circle, then 𝐴𝐷 = 2𝑟. Let 𝐴 be the origin and 𝐴𝐵 and 𝑎2
𝐴𝐷 as 𝑥-axis and 𝑦-axis respectively. ( 2 + 1) 𝑥 2 = 𝑟 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
𝑏
The coordinates of 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 are respectively
[∵ (𝑎, 𝑏) lies on 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 ]
(0, 0), (2𝑎, 0), (𝑎, 2𝑟), (0, 2𝑟) 2 2
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑏 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±𝑏 ⇒ 𝑦 = ∓𝑎.
Area (𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷) = (1/2)(𝑎 + 2𝑎)(2𝑟) = 18
Coordinates of 𝐴 are (−𝑏, 𝑎) or (𝑏, −𝑎).
⇒ 𝑎𝑟 = 6.
Q68. C
Let 𝐶(ℎ, 𝑘) be the centre of the circle passing through
the end points of the rod 𝐴𝐵 and 𝑃𝑄 of lengths 𝑎 and
𝑏 respectively, 𝐶𝐿 and 𝐶𝑀 be perpendiculars from 𝐶
on 𝐴𝐵 and 𝑃𝑄 respectively.

Equation of 𝐵𝐶 is 2𝑟𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 − 4𝑎𝑟 = 0 and the

coordinates of the centre of the circle are (𝑟, 𝑟)
Since the circle touches 𝐵𝐶,
2𝑟 2 + 𝑎𝑟 − 4𝑎𝑟
= 𝑟 ⇒ 4𝑟 4 − 72𝑟 2 + 324 = 4𝑟 4 + 36
√4𝑟 2 + 𝑎2
⇒ 𝑟 = 2. then 𝐴𝐿 = (1/2)𝐴𝐵 = 𝑎/2
Q66. A 𝑃𝑀 = (1/2)𝑃𝑄 = 𝑏/2
Let 𝑃(2, 3) be the given point, 𝑀 be the middle point and 𝐶𝐴 = 𝐶𝑃 (radii of the same circle)
2 2
of a chord of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 through 𝑃. Then 𝑎 𝑏
⇒ 𝑘2 + = ℎ2 + ⇒ 4(ℎ2 − 𝑘 2 ) = 𝑎2 − 𝑏2
the distance of the centre 𝑂 of the circle from the 4 4
chord is 𝑂𝑀. and (𝑂𝑀)2 = (𝑂𝑃)2 − (𝑃𝑀)2 so that locus of (ℎ, 𝑘) is 4(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑎2 − 𝑏2
Q69. B
Since the circle does not touch or intersect the
coordinates axes, the absolute values of 𝑥 and 𝑦
coordinates of the centre are greater than the radius
of the circle. Coordinates of the centre of the circle are
(3, 5) and the radius is √9 + 25 − 𝑝

which is maximum when 𝑃𝑀 is minimum, i.e., 𝑀 so that 3 > √9 + 25 − 𝑝 ⇒ 𝑝 > 25 (2)

coincides with 𝑃 i.e., 𝑃 is the middle point of the chord. 5 > √9 + 25 + 𝑝 ⇒ 𝑝 > 9 (2)
Hence the equation of the chord is and the point (1, 4) lies inside the circle
2 ∙ 𝑥 + 3 ∙ 𝑦 − 𝑎2 = (2)2 + (3)2 − 𝑎2 ⇒ 1 + 16 − 6 − 10 × 4 + 𝑝 < 0 ⇒ 𝑝 < 29 (3)
⇒ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 13. From (1), (2), (3) we get 25 < 𝑝 < 29.

Q67. B Q70. C
Let the equation of any circle be
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 (i)
For intercept made by the circle on 𝑥-axis, put
𝑦 = 0 in (i)
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
If 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 are roots of (ii), then length of the intercept on
𝑥-axis is
Since the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle
|𝑥1 − 𝑥2 | = √(𝑥1 + 𝑥2 )2 − 4𝑥1 𝑥2 = 2√𝑔2 − 𝑐
inscribed in a circle is a diameter of the circle, if the
Similarly length of the intercept of the 𝑦 -axis is
coordinates of the end 𝐶 of the hypotenuse 𝐵𝐶 are
(𝑎, 𝑏), the coordinates of 𝐵 are (−𝑎, −𝑏). 2√𝑓 2 − 𝑐
𝑦 𝑏 Since the lengths of these intercepts are equal
Equation of 𝐵𝐶 is = . If 𝐴 is the vertex o the
𝑥 𝑎
√𝑔2 − 𝑐 = √𝑓 2 − 𝑐 ⇒ 𝑔2 = 𝑓 2 = (−𝑔)2 = (−𝑓)2
isosceles triangle then 𝑂𝐴 is perpendicular to 𝐵𝐶 and
Therefore, centre lies on 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 0

T.P.P.
Q71. A ⇒ the discriminant 𝑝2 − 8𝑞 2 > 0 ⇒ 𝑝2 > 8𝑞 2 .
2
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 − 𝑏√1 + 𝑚2 is a tangent to the circle 𝑥 + Q74. C
𝑦 2 = 𝑏2 for all values of 𝑚. If it also touches the circle
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑏2 , then the length of the
perpendicular from its centre (𝑎, 0) on this line is
equal to the radius 𝑏 of the circle, which gives
𝑚𝑎 − 𝑏√1 + 𝑚2
= ±𝑏
√1 + 𝑚2
Taking negative value on 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆. we get 𝑚 = 0, so we
neglect it.
Taking the positive value on 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆. we get
𝑚𝑎 = 2𝑏√1 + 𝑚2
⇒ 𝑚2 (𝑎2 − 4𝑏2 ) = 4𝑏2 Let 𝑂 be the centre of the circle of unit radius and the
2𝑏 coordinates of 𝐴0 be (1, 0).
⇒𝑚= . Since each side of the regular hexagon makes an angle
√𝑎 − 4𝑏2
2
of 60° at the centre 𝑂.
Q72. A 1 √3
We have Coordinates of 𝐴1 are (cos 60° , sin 60°) = ( , )
2 2
1 √3
𝐴2 are (cos 120° , sin 120°) = (− , )
2 2
𝐴3 are (−1, 0)
1 √3 1 √3
𝐴4 are (− , ) and 𝐴5 are ( , − )
2 2 2 2
2
1 2 √3 1 3
Now 𝐴0 𝐴1 = √(1 − ) + ( ) = √ + = 1
2 2 4 4
2
𝑃𝑄 1 2 √3 9 3
= tan(𝜋/2 − 𝜃) = cot 𝜃. 𝐴0 𝐴2 = √(1 + ) + ( ) = √ +
𝑃𝑅 2 2 4 4
𝑅𝑆 𝑃𝑄 𝑅𝑆
and = tan 𝜃 ⇒ . =1 = √3 = 𝐴0 𝐴4
𝑃𝑅 𝑃𝑅 𝑃𝑅
2 2
⇒ (𝑃𝑅) = 𝑃𝑄. 𝑅𝑆 ⇒ (2𝑟) = 𝑃𝑄. 𝑅𝑆 So that (𝐴0 𝐴1 )(𝐴0 𝐴2 )(𝐴0 𝐴4 ) = 3
⇒ 2𝑟 = √𝑃𝑄. 𝑅𝑆 Q75. D
The motion of the particle on the first four circles is
Q73. D
shown with bold line in the figure. Note that on every
Let 𝑃𝑄 be a chord of the given circle passing through
circle the particle travels just one radian. The particle
𝑃(𝑝, 𝑞) and the coordinates of 𝑄 be (𝑥, 𝑦). Since 𝑃𝑄 is
crosses the positive direction of 𝑥-axis first time on 𝐶𝑛 ,
bisected by the 𝑥-axis, the mid-point of 𝑃𝑄 lies on the
where 𝑛 is the least positive integer such that 𝑛 ≥
𝑥-axis which gives 𝑦 = −𝑞.
2𝜋 ⇒ 𝑛 = 7.
Now 𝑄 lies on the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑝𝑥 − 𝑞𝑦 = 0
so 𝑥 2 + 𝑞 2 − 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 𝑝𝑥 + 2𝑞 2 = 0

which gives two values of 𝑥 and hence the coordinates

of two points 𝑄 and 𝑅 (say), so that the chords 𝑃𝑄 and
𝑃𝑅 are bisected by 𝑥-axis. If the chords 𝑃𝑄 and 𝑃𝑅 are
distinct, the roots of (i) are real distinct.