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2 views

08_Files_7113d00e6ea5d7136ca7029de837dbe0

Uploaded by

Svsn
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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22MT240

Problem Solving using C

Files

Sheik Masthan SAR | AP Mechatronics | TCE | MDU 1


Introduction
• Need to record the temperature for every 1 hour and analyze later ?

• Files….

Sheik Masthan SAR | AP Mechatronics | TCE | MDU 2


Basic File Operations
• Create a new file or open an existing file
• Read from / Write to a file
• Close the file

Sheik Masthan SAR | AP Mechatronics | TCE | MDU 3


File Pointer
• For performing the operations on the file, a special pointer called File pointer
is uses
• File pointer is a pointer which is used to handle and keep track on the files
being accessed
• A new data type called “FILE” is used to declare file pointer
• This data type is defined in stdio.h file

File Pointer Declaration

FILE *filePointer;

Sheik Masthan SAR | AP Mechatronics | TCE | MDU 4


File open
• Create a new file or open an existing file

FILE *filePointer;
filePointer = fopen(“fileName.txt”, “mode”);

Sheik Masthan SAR | AP Mechatronics | TCE | MDU 5


File open - mode FILE *filePointer;
filePointer = fopen(“fileName.txt”, “mode”);

• r – read mode
• Searches for the file, if the file exists then fopen( ) loads it into memory and sets up a
pointer which points to the first character in it
• If the file cannot be opened or file does not exist, then fopen( ) returns NULL

• w – write mode
• Searches for the file, if the file exists, then its contents are overwritten
• If the file doesn’t exist, a new file is created
• Returns NULL, if unable to open file

Sheik Masthan SAR | AP Mechatronics | TCE | MDU 6


File open - mode FILE *filePointer;
filePointer = fopen(“fileName.txt”, “mode”);

• a – append mode
• Searches for the file, if the file is opened successfully fopen() loads it into memory and
sets up a pointer that points to the last character in it
• If the file doesn’t exist, a new file is created and fopen() loads it into memory and sets
up a pointer which points to the first position in it
• Returns NULL, if unable to open file

• r+ – read / write mode


• w+ – read / write mode
• a+ – read / write mode
Sheik Masthan SAR | AP Mechatronics | TCE | MDU 7
File write

File write function declaration

int fputs( const char *s, FILE *fp );


Or
fprintf(FILE *fp, const char *s);

• It returns a non-negative value on success, otherwise EOF is returned in case


of any error

Sheik Masthan SAR | AP Mechatronics | TCE | MDU 8


File close
• One must always close the file after using it

File write function declaration

int fclose( FILE *fp );

• The fclose() function returns zero on success, or EOF if there is an error in


closing the file
• fclose() flushes any data still pending in the buffer to the file, closes the file,
and releases any memory used for the file

Sheik Masthan SAR | AP Mechatronics | TCE | MDU 9


Example

Sheik Masthan SAR | AP Mechatronics | TCE | MDU 10


File read
File read function declaration

char fgets( char *buf, int n, FILE *fp );


Or
int fscanf(FILE *fp, const char *format);

• The functions fgets() reads up to n-1 characters from the input stream
referenced by fp. It copies the read string into the buffer buf, appending
a null character to terminate the string

• fscanf() function read strings from a file, but it stops reading after
encountering the first space character

Sheik Masthan SAR | AP Mechatronics | TCE | MDU 11


Example

Output

1 : This
2 : is testing for fprintf...

Sheik Masthan SAR | AP Mechatronics | TCE | MDU 12


Example

Output

1 : This is

Sheik Masthan SAR | AP Mechatronics | TCE | MDU 13


Other File Operations
• feof () - finds end of file
• fseek () - moves file pointer position to given location
• SEEK_SET moves file pointer position to the beginning of the file
• SEEK_CUR moves file pointer position to given location
• SEEK_END moves file pointer position to the end of file
• ftell () - gives current position of file pointer
• rewind () - moves file pointer position to the beginning of the file

Sheik Masthan SAR | AP Mechatronics | TCE | MDU 14

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