ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

BY
MAHRUKH MAM
FACULTY THE MANZIL BHARAT
Active and Passive Voice

‘Voice’ – What Is It?

The term ‘voice’ is a term that is used to denote the form of the verb
which shows if the subject in a given sentence is the doer or receiver of
the action. The voice of a verb describes the relationship between the
action and the participants (subject or object) in a sentence.
The Two Voices in the English Language

There are two voices in the English language and they are as
follows:
➢ Active Voice
➢ Passive Voice
Let us look into the two voices a little in detail with the help of
the meaning and definition given below.
What is the Active Voice? – Meaning and Definition

The active voice, in a sentence, denotes that the noun or

pronoun that acts as the subject in the sentence is the doer of
the action. In other words, the subject performs the action or
acts upon the verb.

According to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, the active voice is

defined as “the form of a verb in which the subject is the person
or thing that performs the action”, and according to the Collins
Dictionary, the active voice is defined as “a voice of verbs used
to indicate that the subject of a sentence is performing the
action or causing the event or process described by the verb.”
What is the Passive Voice? – Meaning and Definition

The passive voice, on the other hand, represents that the subject
is one acted upon by the action or verb in the sentence. It can
also be said that the passive voice indicates that the subject in
the sentence is no longer active but passive.

According to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, the passive voice

is defined as “the form of a verb used when the subject is
affected by the action of the verb”, and according to the Collins
Dictionary, the passive voice is “formed using ‘be’ and the past
participle of a verb. The subject of a passive clause does not
perform the action expressed by the verb but is affected by it.”
Using the Active Voice and the Passive Voice –
Points to Remember
•There are a few points that you have to bear in mind when
using the active voice and the passive voice. In the English
language, the active voice is used generally as they give the
information in a direct and clear manner. Make sure you do
not use the passive voice just because you think it sounds
better. Use it only if it is necessary.
Remember that the active voice has the subject doing the
action and the passive voice has the subject receiving the
action. If you want to communicate your thoughts and ideas
clearly and effectively, especially in a professional setup, it
would be best to use the active voice.
A pro tip for you to master the active voice and the passive
voice is to know the structure and formula by which they
work.

➢ Active Voice – Subject + Verb + Object

➢ Passive Voice – Object + Verb + Subject

Difference between the Active Voice and the Passive Voice
Analysing the difference between the active voice and the
passive voice is what will help you in a much better way to
learn how to use the two voices effectively. Take a look at the
following table to know how they differ.
 Active Voice Passive Voice
•Denotes that the subject is performing •Denotes that the subject is acted upon
the action. by the verb or action in the sentence.
•The active voice does not require a •The passive voice uses a linking verb
linking verb to make sense. followed by the past participle of the
main verb.
•The active voice focuses on the doer of •The passive voice comes in handy when
the action. the doer of the action is undetermined.
•Has a direct, clear and strong tone. •Has an indirect, weak and subtle tone.
•Examples: •Examples:
• I decorated the hall. • The hall was decorated by me.
• Devi gave Shanthi a gift. • Shanthi was given a gift by Devi.
Rules to be Followed When Converting the Active
Voice to the Passive Voice
When converting the active voice into the passive voice or
vice versa, there are changes in the tenses and pronouns used
in the sentences.

The table given below shows you how the tenses change when
converting the active voice to the passive voice and vice versa.
 Conversion Rules for Active Voice and Passive Voice
Tense Voice Simple Tense Continuous Tense Perfect Tense Perfect
Continuous Tense
Present Active Brendon plays cricket. Brendon is playing Brendon has played Brendon has been
cricket. cricket. playing cricket.

Passive Cricket is played by Cricket is being played Cricket has been No Passive
Brendon. by Brendon. played by Brendon.

Past Active Brendon played cricket. Brendon was playing Brendon had played Brendon had been
cricket. cricket. playing cricket.

Passive Cricket was played by Cricket was being Cricket had been No Passive
Brendon. played by Brendon. played by Brendon.

Future Active Brendon will play Brendon will be Brendon will have Brendon will have
cricket. playing cricket. played cricket. been playing cricket.

Passive Cricket will be played by No Passive Cricket will have been No Passive
Brendon. played by Brendon.
 Change of Pronouns
Active Voice Passive Voice
I Me
We Us
He Him
She Her
They Them
It It
There are a few other points that you have to know so that
you can use the two voices effectively. They are as follows:

•When converting a sentence in the active voice to the passive

voice, the first thing that you have to do is interchange the
subject and the object.

•The next part of speech you have to focus on is the verb. When
converting the active voice into the passive voice, you just have
to convert the main verb into its past participle or its third
form. The third form of the main verb is the past participle
form of the verb.
• When you are changing the tense of the main verb, make
sure you use an auxiliary verb which maintains the tense the
sentence represents.
• Always use the preposition, ‘by’ before the subject in a
passive sentence.
• If there are any adverbs used in the sentence with the active
voice, be sure to include it in the passive voice as well. Do
not just drop it when you convert a sentence in the active
voice to the passive voice or vice-versa.
Examples of the Active and Passive Voice
Given below are a few examples of how to convert the active
voice into the passive voice.

Active Voice – Twinkle likes adventure stories.

Passive Voice – Adventure stories are liked by Twinkle.

Active Voice – Latha is learning French this year.

Passive Voice – French is being learnt by Latha this year.

Active Voice – Kurt has brought macaroons.

Passive Voice – Macaroons have been brought by Kurt.
Active Voice – Sidharth played cricket.
Passive Voice – Cricket was played by Sidharth.

Active Voice – They were making invitation cards.

Passive Voice – Invitation cards were being made by them.

Active Voice – Becky had packed the bags.

Passive Voice – The bags had been packed by Becky.
Active Voice – Mira will buy the refreshments for the party.
Passive Voice – The refreshments for the party will be
bought by Mira.

Active Voice – Sanjay will have given the forms to all the
participants.
Passive Voice – The forms will have been given to all the
participants by Sanjay.
Check Your Understanding of the Active Voice and
the Passive Voice
Now that you have seen a number of examples and learnt how
the conversion is done, try converting the following sentences
as directed.
1. Varun is helping Reshmi. (Change into passive voice)
2. A gift was given to Manassa by me. (Change into active voice)
3. Santana will sing All My Life at the Nationals. (Change into
active voice)
4. A mouse was being chased by my cat. (Change into active
voice)
5. Naveen loves Praveena. (Change into passive voice)

6. The decorations for the annual day will be done by Emma.

(Change into active voice)

7. J. K. Rowling wrote the Harry Potter novels. (Change into

passive voice)

8. Ms. Holly will teach Spanish this year. (Change into passive
voice)

9. Mike was hit by Nick. (Change into active voice)

Check out if you did the conversion right from the
answers given below.

1. Reshmi is being helped by Varun.

2. I gave Manassa a gift.

3. All My Life will be sung by Santana at the Nationals.

4. My cat was chasing a mouse.

5. Praveena is loved by Naveen.

6. Emma will do the decorations for the annual day.

7. The Harry Potter novels were written by J. K. Rowling.

8. Spanish will be taught by Ms. Holly this year.

9. Nick hit Mike.

THANKYOU!
BY
MAHRUKH MAM
FACULTY THE MANZIL BHARAT
 Clauses

BY
MAHRUKH MAM
FACULTY THE MANZIL BHARAT
What are Clauses? Definition and Example
It is mainly a group of words that contain a subject as well as a finite
verb. A sentence can be fully called a clause only when it has a single
subject and a single verb. It might not include the subject at times, but
the verb has to be clear and distinguished.
Clauses Examples:
1. I completed my graduation last year.
2. When he came here, he ate apples.
3. When I came here, he was playing and then he went back home.
6 Types of Clauses
As discussed every clause has a subject and verb, but some
other characteristics can help you distinguish its types. To
begin with, there are four types:

1. Independent or Main
2. Dependent or Subordinate
3. Relative or Adjective
4. Noun Clause
5. Adverbial Clause
6. Conditional Clause
1. Independent or Main Clause
It is a complete sentence on its own and does not require
anything else to make it a full-fledged sentence. Its basic
form is:

Subject + Verb = Complete Sentence

Let us consider some examples to understand it
better:
1. These boys are always sleeping. (The subject
is ‘boys’ whereas the verb is ‘sleeping’.)
2. My sister loves cold drinks. (The subject is ‘sister’ and the
verb is ‘loves’.)
3. I read the book. (The ‘I’ represents the subject whereas the
verb is ‘read’.)
2. Dependent or Subordinate Clause
A dependent/subordinate clause is the exact opposite of an independent
clause. It is not a complete sentence and thus generally does not make
any sense. But when put together with an independent one, it helps it to
form a complete sentence.

The task of joining a dependent clause to an independent clause or any

other of its type is done by a subordinator which makes the sentence
complete. A subordinator might be a conjunction, relative pronoun or
noun clause marker.

Subordinator + Subject + Verb = Incomplete Sentence

Now, let us take a look at some examples:
1. Whenever the boys sleep. (‘Whenever’ is the
subordinator, ‘boys’ corresponds to the subject and
‘sleep’ is the verb.)
2. Because my sister loves cold drinks. (‘Because’ is the
subordinating conjunction, ‘sister’ represents the subject
and ‘loves’ is the verb)
3. If you don’t go (‘if’ is the subordinator, ‘you’ represents
the subject and ‘go’ is the verb)
Thus, through the above examples, you can see how it is quite
difficult for a dependent type alone to make any sense. It has
to be joined to an independent one by a punctuation to make
complete sense. Hence, the form of a complete sentence
stands to be:
Subordinate Clause + Punctuation + Main Clause =
Complete Sentence
Examples:

1. Whenever the boys sleep, their teacher scolds them.

2. I bought two bottles of cola because my sister loves cold

drinks.

3. If you don’t go, I will get angry.

3. Relative Clause

A relative clause will always begin with either a relative pronoun such
as ‘who’, ‘whom’, ‘whose’, ‘which’, ‘that’ or a relative adverb such as
‘when’, ‘why’ or ‘where’. You must also remember that a relative alone
does not make any sense or a complete sentence, it also has to be
attached to a main clause just like a dependent one.

Relative Pronoun /Adverb + Subject + Verb = Incomplete

Sentence

OR

Relative Pronoun or Adverb as subject + Verb = Incomplete

Sentence
 Relative Pronoun /Adverb + Subject + Verb = Incomplete
Sentence
OR
Relative Pronoun or Adverb as subject + Verb = Incomplete
Sentence

Examples:
1. Whom the teacher hit with chalk (‘whom’ is the relative pronoun,
‘teacher’ is the subject and ‘hit’ is the verb )
2. Where he went joyfully (‘where’ is the relative pronoun, ‘he’ is the
subject and ‘went’ is the verb)
Relative + Main Clause = Complete Sentence
Examples:
1. The talkative boys whom the teacher hit with chalk soon
learned to behave properly in class.
2. I know about the place where he went joyfully.
Restrictive Relative Clause
A restrictive clause gives essential information about a noun that comes
before it. A restrictive clause can be introduced by that, which,
whose, who or whom. You should not place a comma in front of a
restrictive relative clause:
For example:
1.She held out the hand that was hurt.
2.She held out the hand which was hurt.
(She held out the hand = Main Clause)
( That was hurt, which was hurt = Restrictive Relative Clause)
Non-Restrictive Relative Clause
These clauses are normally introduced by which, whom, who or
whose but never by that. You should place a comma in front of them:
For Instance:
1. She held out her hand, which Rob shook.
(She held out her hand = Main Clause
(which Rob shook = Non-Restrictive Clause)
4. Noun Clause
When a sentence starts functioning as a noun, it is known as a
noun clause. Take a look at the following example,
Let me know the ingredients of the stew. (‘Ingredients’ is
the noun.)
When this noun is replaced with a clause, it becomes a noun
clause.
Let me know all that you have added to the stew.
6. Conditional Clause
A condition clause is one that usually begins with if or unless
and describes something possible.

For Instance:
1. If it looks like rain a simple shelter can be made out of a
plastic sheet.
(If it looks like rain = Conditional)
(a simple shelter can be made out of a plastic sheet = Main)
2. I’ll be home tomorrow unless the plane’s delayed for
hours.
(I’ll be home tomorrow = Main)
(unless the plane’s delayed for hours = Conditional)
Examples of Clauses and Phrases
Both are groups of words that act as a unit and perform a single
function within a sentence.
A phrase is a group of words that may have a partial subject or
verb but not both, or it may have either a subject or a verb.
A clause, however, by definition a group of words that has a
subject and a verb. A sentence can have any number of clauses
and phrases combined. See the examples below:
Phrases Clauses
Needing help Sarah smiled
With a green T-shirt She laughs at shy people
Best friend Because he gave her a puppy

On the horizon When the saints go marching

in
After the devastation I waited for him

Because of her glittering He wants to become an

smile engineer
 Answers Key
1. We travelled to Agra by bus.
2. I had stuffed paratha, curd, and pickle for lunch.
3. Look! the thief is running.
4. Mr. Malhotra’s family is warm, friendly and nice.
5. Why do you need a new car?
THANKYOU!
BY
MAHRUKH MAM
FACULTY THE MANZIL BHARAT
Articles
 Articles or little words that come before noun.
 Articles+noun
 Nouns can be people, places or things.

 The articles in English are

A
 An
 The
 Nouns can be singlular or plural.
 Singular articles are
 A
 An
 The

 We use A when singular nouns begins with consonant.

 And we use An with vowel

 Plural articles

 No articles
 The
 Eg an Elephant
 Plural– elephants
 Singular – the egg
 Plural – the eggs
 Nouns are divided in two types
 General
 Specific

 General
 One of many
 We don’t know which one.
 We can’t see it
 Eg – I want a cookie .
 Specific
 A certain
one
 We know which one
 We can see it
 Eg- the sunset is beautiful tonight .
 The bank is closed .
 General
 Do you need a pen ?
 Do you want a snack ?
 I want to buy a new jacket
 Specific
 You can use the blue pen?
 You can have the cookies or the fries .
 Should I buy the red jacket .
 He is………..one eyed man
A
 An
 The
 No article

 ……….milk of buffalo contains more fat .

 The
A
 An
 Find the error

 Although he is not a honourable man yet he is

not a crook.
 No error .

 Find the error

 The greater
 The demand
 Higher the price
 No error
 There isn’t………..airport nearwhere I live .
 …………. Nearest airport is 70 miles away.

 I witnessed……….accident thismorning……….car
crashed into………….tree……..driver of…..car
wasn’t hurt but………..car was badly damaged.
 ………..moon goes round………earth every 27 days .

 Which is……….more beautiful of the two sisters?

 Surdas is…………..Milton of India .

 Harsh was absent from………..dinner .

 Find the error
 Rajasthan canal
 Will be the
 Longest canal in India
 No error .

 Mary is
wearing…….gold ring today .It is made
of…….gold .
Articles
Part -2
Subtitle
• Uses of A and An
• A/An is used in the sense of one :
• Rahul has a dog
• Bani has an apple .
• A used in the sense of some / a certain (
unknown).
• A mr khannna wants to talk to you.
• A miss dolly wants to see you .
• Used in the sense of any
• He did not give me a book.
• She does not like to read a novel.

• Each/ every
• I go there once a week.
• She earns two thousand a month .
• Class / representation
• A cow is a useful animal.
• A dog is a faithful animal.
• A son should be obedient .
• Used before a singular / countable noun .
• I need a book.
• I am a teacher .
• He bought a car.
• She is a doctor .
• When a singular countable noun is used first time
in a sentence A or An is used it according to
need.But when the same singular countable noun
is used second time in the sentence,the is used
before it .
• Yesterday a man came to me.The man was very
hungry .
• Used before units or counting expressions.
• A dozen
• A thousand
• Half an hour
• A hundred
• A million
• I have a dozen eggs .
• She has a thousand rupees.

• To make a common noun of a proper noun .

• A Sherlock is living in my neighbourhood.
• You are a Tendulkar .
• Before the verbs used as noun.
• For a walk
• Take a rest
• For a visit
• He proposed that we should go for a walk?
• You look tired.Why don’t you take a rest?
• A / An is used in these phrases
• A team of
• A pair of
• A galaxy of
• A group of
• An assembly of
Omission of articles.
• A/ An is not used before only adjective.
• He is honest.
• Rahul is popular in this town .

• A/ an is not used before uncountable noun.

• Gold is a precious metal.
• We drink water.
• A/An is not used before plural nouns.
• Children are playing .
• Cows eat grasss.
Uses of The
• The (thuh) +consonant sound .
• The house
• The unicorn
• The party
• The (theee) + vowel sound .
• The hour
• The uninvited people
• The end of park
• The employees.
• The is used before names of
• Historical building
• Holy books
• Mountain ranges
• Planets ,rivers,oceans
• Gulf,group of islands ,deserts
• Name of trains ,hotels,shops .
• The Taj Mahal ,the Red Fort
• The Gita ,the Mahabharata , the Bible .
• The Himalayas , the alps ,the eastern ghats .
• The sun ,the moon,the stars ,the earth .
• The north pole ,the South Pole ,the equator .
• The ganga ,the Kaveri ,the Krishna ,the Thames
• The is not used before mountain peaks .
• Mount Everest
• Nanda Devi .

• If the name of an author is used before the name of

religious books ,the is not used before the name of
religious book.
• Valmiki’s Ramayana
• Homer’s illiad.
• Before physical position
• At the top of / on the top of
• At the bottom of
• The back of .
• Before the names of a religious community.
• The Hindus
• The Jesus
• The Muslims .
• Before the nationality .
• The Indians
• The English
• The French
• The Chinese
• The Americans
• The Russians
• Note
• But if a nationality expressions word is used as a
countable noun A or An is used before it l
• I have met an Indian in Australia .
• An English man was there in my college .
• The is not used before the names of languages.
• English is spoken in England .
• I know Hindi,Urdu and punjabi .

• Note
• If the name of language is used before the word
language the is used before the name of lam
• Do you speak the English language .
• Note 2 If the word translate is used before the
name of the language the is used before the name
of language.
• Translate the Hindi into the English .
• Translated from the Sanskrit .
• Before armed forces,government branches
,political parties
• The army,the Air Force,the navy
• The judiciary ,the legislative,the executive
• The congress,the bjp
• The is used before the name of musical instruments
• The tabla
• The harmonium
• The guitar .
• Note
• But if the name of a musical instrument is used as a
singular noun A /An is used before it
• He have bought a piano
• The is used before the names of inventions .
• The television
• The wireless
• The telephone
• The radios
• The microscope .
• The is used before the names of parts of body .
• She hit me on the head
• He looked her in the eye
• He was shot in the leg .
• If the title or a post is used to denote a person The
is used before the title of the post .
• The prime minister wants to talk to you .
• The chief minister comes here tomorrow .
• You should trust the director .
• If the common noun is used as an abstract noun .the is used
before the common noun but it’s meaning is changed
• The patriot in him.
• When I found a baby,the father aroused in me
• When a proper noun is compared to the other
proper noun of the same class on the basis of
qualities .The is used before the other proper
noun.
• Mumbai is the London of India
• Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India .
Case of no article
• Man,woman ,nature,life ,death
,science,society,humanity ,parliament ,If these
words are used in their general sense we don’t use
any article before them
• Man is mortal
• These are the boons of science .
• School,college,university,market,jail ,court ,church
,temple,bed ,if these words are used for real
purposes,we don’t use any article before them
• I go to school regularly .
• Test yourself
• The robbers were caught as they were about to
escape from the jail.
• The moment Karan as admitted to the hospital
the warden decided to inform his parents .
• Several ministers visited jail to see number of
prisoners .
• Keep exploring and keep growing

• Thank you !
 One word
substitution.
Pretence of having a virtuous character…

A hypocrisy
B imposter
C Spy
D. Covert .
A narration in which animal speak and act like human
being .

A.Didatic
B.Elegy
C. Fable
D. Parable
That which makes it difficult to recognise the presence
of something
A. Pretence
B. . Camouflage
C. Cover
D. Mask
Showing astute power of judgement ;clever and judicious.

Shriek
Sage
Shrewd
Shrike .
Evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret.

Pungent
Poignant
Impactful
Unaffecting .
Taking heed or care being conscious.

Mindful
Mindless
Mindset
Mind read .
The quality of being honest and having strong moral
principles

Staid
Integrity
Uptight
Ridicule
Treat with a vaccine,usually by injection to promote
immunity against a disease.

Innuendo
Inoculate
Inspire
Innovate.
To become a strong person inspite of many difficulties .

Anxious
Triggered
Safe
Resilient
So delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyse or
describe.

Suitable
Subtle
Complex
Brittle .
Spouse of reigning monarch .
Companion
Accomplice
Intern
Consort .
A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do
something .

Incentive
Invention
Instrument
Inheritance .
Use of fingers and hands to communicate ideas by deaf
and dumb people .

Braille
Code
Dactylology
Dermatology.
A party emblem of royalty .
Plagiarism
Regalia
Monarchy
Philogyny .
A disorder that involves difficulty in reading interpreting
words.

Delusion
Dyslexia
Dysgraphia
Disability
Changing frequently

Certain
Flak
Fickle
Contiguous.
Mark with spots or smears of colour

Mottle

Motto

Bright

colourful
Extreme physical or mental sufferings .

Destitute
Nemesis
Pain
Agony
A community which is smaller than village .

Gang
Hamlet
Group
Organisation .
Government by military class

Autocracy
Theocracy
Stratocracy
Plutocracy .
Full of people

Populous
Popular
Prominent
Porous .
 SYNONYMS


 

▪ Unique

▪ Meaning being the only one of its kind.

▪ Syn-unshared, rare,peculiar, distinctive,exclusive

▪ Antonym –common,ordinary ,normal


 

▪ Upsetting

▪ Meaning –making someone feel worried and

unhappy.
▪ Synonym-perturbing,disturbing,troubling.

▪ Antonym – calming,comforting,reassuring.

 

▪ Utilitarian

▪ Design to be useful and practical rather than

attractive.
▪ Synonym-useful,practical,functional,pragmatic

▪ Antonym-ornamental,decorative,non-functional

 

▪ Vagabond

▪ Meaning a person who has no home or job and

who travel from place to place.
▪ Synonym-tramp,wanderer,nomadic,vagrant

▪ Antonym-settled,resident,established.
 

▪ Vagrant

▪ A person who who has no job or home especially

one who begs from people.
▪ Synonym-drifter,tramp,wanderer,
vagabond,ltinerant,nomadic
▪ Antonym-resident,established.
 

▪ Vain

▪ Meaning that does not produce the result you

want.
▪ SynonymFutile,useless,empty,fruitless,ineffectiv
e.
▪ Antonym-effective,succesful,productive.

 

▪ Vanity

▪ Meaning -excessive pride in one’s own

achievement.
▪ Synonym-conceit,pride,arrogant

▪ Antonym-humility ,modesty,selflessness
 

▪ Vendetta-

▪ Meaning a serious orgument or dispute between

two people or groups which last for a long time
▪ Synonym-disagresment, retaliation, grudge

▪ Antonym-peace,forgiveness, reconcilation.
 

▪ Venerate

Meaning to honor or respect a person or thing

▪ Synonym –respect, rever,hallow,adore,deify

▪ Antonym-despise,disdain,scorn.
 

▪ Verbose

▪ Using or containing more words than are

needed.
▪ Synonym

▪ Loquacious,prolix,wordy,talkative

▪ Antonym –terse,succint,brief
 

▪ Viable

▪ Meaning-That can be done ;that will be successful.

▪ Synonym-
feasible,accomplishable,possible,achievable
▪ Antonym-impractical,unfeasible,impossible .
 

▪ Vice

▪ Meaning- criminal activities

▪ Synonym- immorality,villainy,depravity

▪ Antonym- virtue, goodness,morality.

 

▪ Vigilant

▪ Being very careful to notice thing

▪ Synonym-watchful,heedful,cautious.

▪ Antonym-
 

▪ Vigorous

▪ Very active,determined or full of energy .

▪ Synonym robust,energetic,healthy

▪ Antonym:feeble,lethargic ,sluggish


IDIOMS
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

















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 HOMOPHONES





▪ The…….. Of a snow clad mounting is

exciting.
▪ Site

▪ Cite

▪ Sight

▪ None of these


▪ I …….him very well

▪ Now

▪ Known

▪ No

▪ None


▪ His legal……is Sheela

▪ Heir

▪ Hair

▪ Hare

▪ Here


▪ Raman was …….by the English king

▪ Nighted

▪ Knighted

▪ Nighted

▪ Knigretted
 

▪ The…….. On the grass sparkled in the morning

sunlight.
▪ Dew

▪ Due

▪ Do

▪ Doe

▪ As the …,…is too tight,I cannot untie the
rope
▪ Not

▪ Knot

▪ Nought

▪ Naught


▪ He. ……….many points in favour of his

case.
▪ Cites

▪ Sites

▪ Sited

▪ Sighted


▪ The teacher gave……..to the students

▪ Counsel

▪ Council

▪ Councel

▪ Councillor


▪ She held the ……….in her hands

▪ Rains

▪ Reigns

▪ Reign

▪ Reins
 

▪ RS manohar has a good …….for stage plays.

▪ Troop

▪ Trup

▪ Trupe

▪ Troupe


▪ The judge did not accept the …….of the

criminal
▪ Pleas

▪ Please

▪ Please

▪ None of these


▪ Don’t be ……….towards the weak

▪ Road

▪ Rude

▪ Rood

▪ Roode

▪ She …….away the old shoes as they were
unusable.Ofcourse ,it was true they had
…..alot.
▪ Cast,cast

▪ Cast,cost

▪ Cost,cast

▪ Cost,cost
▪ Unfortunately for Meera, when she started
playing her guitar, she could not get
the…….right.The curtain……need to be strong
.
▪ Chords,chords.

▪ Cords,cords

▪ Chords,cords

▪ Cords,chords
 
▪ Harish is quite………at using his mobile
apps.But it is taking him time to……..the new
management practices introduced in the
companies.
▪ Adept,adept

▪ Adopt,Adopt

▪ Adopt,adept

▪ Adept,adopt
 

▪ The room was …….with fans

▪ Cold

▪ Coaled

▪ Cooled

▪ Cowled
 

▪ ……..worship is a predominant part of some

religion
▪ Idol

▪ Idyll

▪ Idle

▪ Ideal


▪ The. Old doors ……..whenever they are

opened.
▪ Crick

▪ Creak

▪ Cry

▪ Creek
 Choose the sentence containing the homonym of the
▪ 
underlined words.
▪ After the earthquake the citizens helped the Hurt and
wounded, with their time, money and in kind.
▪ He received so many gifts and kind that he was
overwhelmed
▪ The parents of the child was so kind and gentle that
she relax completely.
▪ It was important to communicate to The girls that
they would receive their grand in kind.
▪ She needed lots of item for the NGO mostly in kinds.
▪ Choose the sentence containing the


homonym of the underlined word.

▪ He rose to fame with his first single
remember?
Pollution rose to high levels in New Delhi.
The entire Platoon Rose to its feets
I would give my word if he gave me a rose
The desert storm Rose out of no where.
 

▪ Which…….. Does the minister take to reach

the assembly?
▪ Riot

▪ Rot

▪ Root

▪ Route
 MCQ on General

English.
 

▪ By next month I……all my exams and I can relax!

▪ Will have been finishing

▪ Will be finishing

▪ Will have finished

▪ Well finish.
 

▪ The manager was unhappy at Gaurav. Because he

didn’t complete work in time?
▪ Had unhappy at

▪ Was to be unhappy at

▪ Was unhappy with

▪ No improvement
 

▪ I’d love to………in the 19th century.

▪ Have been lived

▪ Lived

▪ Have lived

▪ Live.
 

▪ You can swim well,………

▪ Can you?

▪ Can’t you?

▪ Do you?

▪ Don’t you?
 

▪ Please make it a point to send your letter at my

address?
▪ To my address

▪ On my address

▪ In my address

▪ No improvement
 

▪ How did this………..broken?

▪ Be

▪ Become

▪ Get

▪ Was
 

▪ Take a sandwich with you……….. You get hungry

later.
▪ In case.

▪ So as not to

▪ If

▪ When
 

▪ Sushmita is worried………the test because you

think that she will fail the test.
▪ Of

▪ On

▪ To

▪ About
 

▪ Shubham is one……my best friends

▪ In

▪ On

▪ Of

▪ None.
 

▪ I was late…….for school.

▪ To

▪ On

▪ For

▪ None
 

▪ Beat the air

▪ To make useless efforts

▪ To beat mercilessly

▪ To make plans

▪ None of these.
 
▪ Select the word which means the same as a group
of words given.
▪ A person who sells of grows for sale flowers and
ornamental plants
▪ Usurer

▪ Florist

▪ Compere

▪ Garner
 

▪ Atrocity

▪ Difficulty

▪ Barbarity

▪ Shy

▪ Gloomy
 

▪ Select the wrongly spelt word

▪ Forfiet

▪ Gorilla

▪ Blissfull

▪ Corrupt
 

▪ Which among the following is the correct one word

correct one word substitution for
▪ A person who is skilled at combining moments
into dance is to be performed
▪ Calligrapher

▪ Curator

▪ Choreographer
 

▪ Which among the following words is an

adjective?
▪ Foolish

▪ Carnation

▪ Wagon

▪ Woman
 

▪ Choose the correctly spelt word among the

following options
▪ Acknoledge

▪ Acknowledge

▪ Acknowlege

▪ Acknowledge
 

▪ Synonym of essential

▪ Needless

▪ Superfluous

▪ Insignificant

▪ Indispensable
 

▪ We lay on……. Grass and watch the stars

▪ A

▪ An

▪ The

▪ It
 

▪ Choose from the given option antonym of the

given word
▪ Meticulous

▪ Careless

▪ Punctillous

▪ Diligent

▪ Scrupulous
▪ Choose

from the given options the synonym of the
given word
▪ Endure

▪ Intolerance

▪ Cease

▪ Succumb

▪ Tolerate
 

▪ Losing that job was a blessing in disguise really.

▪ To agree on

▪ Uncommon and valuable

▪ A good thing that seemed bad at first

▪ To be very sick
 

▪ Choose the correctly spelt words from the following

given options
▪ Awfull

▪ Aweful

▪ Awful

▪ Awfel
 

▪ Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunction from

the given options to make it a meaningful sentence
▪ I asked him to go……find my watch

▪ Unless

▪ And

▪ So
 

▪ Choose the synonym of the following

▪ Random

▪ Planned

▪ Systematic

▪ Methodical

▪ By chance.
 

▪ Most wild animals won’t attack…….. They are

provoked.
▪ Unless

▪ From

▪ About

▪ In

 

▪ Arrange the given words in the sequence in which the

occur in the dictionary.
▪ Energy,earlobe,economics,edition,editor.

▪ 32415

▪ 23541

▪ 23451

▪ 24531
▪ In 
the following questions select the word from the
given alternative which can be formed using the
letters of the given word
▪ Democracy

▪ Secrecy

▪ Micro

▪ Demon

▪ Ready
 

▪ Which among the following is an adjective?

▪ Angry

▪ Cake

▪ Saucer

▪ Boy
PUNCTUATION

BY
MAHRUKH MAM
FACULTY THE MANZIL BHARAT
What are Punctuation Marks?
Punctuation marks are usually put in a sentence to get a clear way of
understanding them. It is used in writing to split the sentences into
different parts and make them easily readable. Various symbols are
used to provide the correct meaning of the sentence in the writing form.
Using punctuation in particular, requires you to imagine the sentences
and put the right symbol in the right place. After all, if there is no
punctuation mark in a sentence then it will show no meaning. It would
become hard to understand where the sentence starts and where it ends
without a punctuation Mark.
Types of Punctuations
The Punctuation is a basic grammar that students should focus
on properly to understand in a better way. If it is taught
imaginatively and interestingly then the students can get a
perfect understanding of the topic.

Full Stop or Period

The Full Stop(.) is a kind of punctuation mark that is placed at
the end of the sentence. It indicates that the sentence has been
concluded. The full stop marks the end of a declarative
sentence that is been concluded. It is also used in abbreviations
and initials.
Capital Letters
The important thing about Capital letters is that they are placed
at the start of the sentence. The first letter of the first word in a
sentence is a capital letter. Words such as nouns, verbs,
adjectives, and acronyms should be in capitalisation. Moreover,
place, movie, book titles, locations, and languages must also
start with capital letters.

For Example:

The Lion is the king of the Jungle.

He is going to London next week.
Question Mark
The Question Mark(?) is a type of punctuation mark that is used
in interrogative sentences. When a question is asked and the
person wants an answer for this question.

For Example:
•Why are you looking outside the window?
•When did you join the organization?
Comma
A Comma(,) is a punctuation mark that is used to separate
the words or phrases in a sentence. It is a short pause that is
used to show the division of the sentences. It also helps in
separating the list of items.
For Example:
•Kolkata, Bengaluru, and New Delhi are some of the
metropolitan areas of India.
•James, a very good chef, went to New York.
Colon
A colon(:) is mainly used to provide emphasis, introduce
text or lists, present dialogue, and clarify composition titles.
It is also used to explain series and definite time.
For Example:
•He wrote “Organizational Crisis Communication: A
Multivocal Approach”
•Reporter: When will the new product launch?
Semi Colon
The semi-colon(;) is used for joining the two independent
clauses that are linked to each other in the place of a
coordinating conjunction and a comma.

For Example:
•Tim completed all the work; Kathrine did not finish hers.
•Steve is a good driver; moreover, he is smart.
Exclamation Mark
Exclamation Mark (!) is a punctuation that is used to
showcase strong feelings and emotions. It is used with
interjections and exclamatory sentences.

For Example:
•Wow! It is such a wonderful place.
•Don’t Talk, get out!
Hyphen

A hyphen(-) is used for joining the related parts of the word.

They are commonly used with compound modifiers when it is
coming before the modifying word.

For Example:

•His brother-in-law attended the wedding last night.

•Mr. Hudson wears old-fashioned clothes.

Apostrophe
An Apostrophe ( ‘ ) is a type of punctuation that is most
commonly used to show omitted letters, possessive nouns,
and plurals formation.

For Example:
•I’ve been waiting for her since morning.
•He is reading Charle’s book.
Brackets

Brackets ( ) help to enclose information, phrases, or words, that are

to be added in a sentence. There are mainly two types of brackets:
open brackets and closed brackets.

For Example:

•The International Cricket Council(ICC) headquarters are located in

Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

•She has references to her old book(The Counsellor) in the new book
Dash
The dash (—) is used to set out a phrase or word after the parenthetical
remark or independent clause that breaks in the sentences. Never get
confused between the hyphen(-) symbol and the dash (—) symbol as
they are completely different.

For Example:
•Many children — living in hostels — do not know what home-cooked
food feels like.
•The program will be organized from May 9 — 12.
Slashes
Slashes is a Punctuation Mark that is used to show two words that
are more or less similar. It shows the availability of choices and
options. Additionally, it is used in place of the conjunction ‘or’.

For Example:
•They will either play football/cricket.
•She is coming on Monday/Tuesday.
Punctuation Symbol Example Sentence
Full Stop . I’m waiting for the bus to arrive.
Question Mark ? When are you coming to New York?

Comma , He is a clever, healthy man.

Colon : Sam plays four sports: Football, Golf, Tennis and Squash.

Apostrophe ‘ I’m waiting for the bus to arrive.

Hyphen – Her father-in-law is not arriving for the party.

Slash / The answer to the question is Yes/No.

Semicolon ; “The cookies were delicious; they were crispy and sweet.”

Capital Letter A They were visiting Banff National Park next week.

Dash — He is afraid of two things—Lizards and senior prom.

Bracket () For more information see chapter “The Lion” (page 9).
Punctuation Exercise
Instruction:
Rewrite the following sentence using appropriate punctuation
marks (full stop, capital letter, question mark, comma,
exclamation mark) wherever required:

1.We travelled to agra by bus

2.I had stuffed paratha curd and pickles for lunch
3.Look the athlete is running
4.Mr malhotra’s family is warm friendly and nice
5.Why do you need a new car
 Answers Key
1. We travelled to Agra by bus.
2. I had stuffed paratha, curd, and pickle for lunch.
3. Look! the thief is running.
4. Mr. Malhotra’s family is warm, friendly and nice.
5. Why do you need a new car?
THANKYOU!
BY
MAHRUKH MAM
FACULTY THE MANZIL BHARAT