BOTANY

DROPPER NEET

PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE
AND VARIATION
 VIDYAPEETH
Principles of Inheritance and Variation
DPP-1
[Introduction, Genetic Terminology, Mendel’s Experiments on Pea
Plant]
1. An organism with two different alleles (1) Inheritance (2) Genetics
is: (3) Heredity (4) Variation
(1) Dominant (2) Recessive
(3) Heterozygous (4) Homozygous 6. Mark the odd one (w.r.t dominant trait in
garden pea).
2. Alleles are:
(1) Yellow pod
(1) Alternate forms of a gene
(2) Inflated pod
(2) Pairs of sex chromosomes
(3) Homologous chromosomes (3) Axial flower
(4) None of the above (4) Yellow seed

3. Mendel proposed that something was 7. All the following traits of garden pea
being stably passed down, unchanged, can express themselves in heterozygous
from parent to offspring through the condition, except:
gametes, over successive generations. (1) Tall plant
He called these things ______. (2) Violet flower
(1) Factor
(3) Axial flower
(2) Gene
(4) Wrinkled Seed
(3) Allele
(4) None of these
8. Choose the correct option.
4. The number of pairs of contrasting (1) The genetic constitution of an
characters studied by Mendel in garden organism is called phenotype.
pea was: (2) Mendelian factors were referred as
(1) 14 (2) 28 gene by Morgan.
(3) 10 (4) 7 (3) Mendel selected sweet pea for his
study.
5. The process by which characters are (4) Mendel conducted hybridization
passed on from parent to progeny is experiments for 7 years.
called:
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9. The character which is expressed in the A B C D
F1 generation is called (1) III IV II I
(1) Co-dominant (2) Dominant (2) IV III I II
(3) Recessive (4) Hemizygous (3) II IV III I
(4) III IV I II
10. Identify the correct set of recessive
characters w.r.t the following diagram of 14. Statement-I : The allele that encodes
garden pea and choose the correct option the phenotype most common in a
particular natural population is known as
wild type.
Statement II : If the allele does not
express itself in heterozygous condition
then it is called recessive.
(1) Both statements I and II are
correct.
(1) A and B (2) B and C (2) Statement I is correct but
(3) B and D (4) A and C statement II is incorrect.
(3) Statement I is incorrect but
11. Which of the given genotype represent statement II is correct.
homozygous condition? (4) Both statements I and II are
(1) Tt (2) Rr incorrect.
(3) tt (4) Yy
15. Assertion(A) : A true breeding line
12. Which of the following trait of pea plant shows the stable trait inheritance and
was not studied by Mendel in his expression for several generations.
experiment? Reason(R) : Mendel selected 14 true
(1) Flower position (2) Seed colour breeding pea plant varieties, as pairs that
(3) Pod length (4) Seed shape were similar except for two characters
with contrasting traits.
13. Match List I with List II & select the (1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
correct option. (R) are true and Reason (R) is a
List I List II correct explanation of Assertion
A Genes I Green pod col- (A).
(2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
our
(R) are true but Reason (R) is not a
B Alleles II Yellow pod col- correct explanation of Assertion
our (A).
C Dominant III Alternative form (3) Assertion (A) is true and Reason
of a gene (R) is false.
D Recessive IV Functional unit (4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
of heredity are false.

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 DPP-2
[Mendel’s Experiments on Pea Plant: Reason for Mendel’s
Success, Inheritance of One Gene]
1. Study of inheritance of one pair of 7. The phenotypic ratio of a Mendelian
contrasting traits is known as: monohybrid cross is:
(1) Monohybrid cross (1) 1 : 1 (2) 1 : 2 : 1
(2) Dihybrid cross (3) 3 : 1 (4) 2 : 1 : 1
(3) Back cross
(4) None of these 8. What contributed to Mendel's success?
i. Selection of pure line pea varieties
2. First time mathematical and statistical ii. Knowledge of history
analysis used in biology by: iii. Selecting one character at a time
iv. Statistical analysis and mathematical
(1) Mendel (2) Morgan
logic
(3) Hudo de-vries (4) Bateson
Choose the correct option.
(1) i, ii, iii, and iv (2) ii and iii
3. What is the probability of production of (3) i, iii and iv (4) ii, iii and iv
dwarf offsprings in a cross between two
heterozygous tall pea plants? 9. Number of phenotypes in 𝐹1 generation
(1) Zero (2) 50% of Mendelian monohybrid cross is:
(3) 25% (4) 100% (1) two
(2) three
4. Among the seven pairs of contrasting (3) one
traits of pea as studied by Mendel, the (4) none of the above
number of traits related to pod and seed
respectively are- 10. A homozygous recessive white flowered
(1) 2, 2 (2) 3, 2 pea plant was crossed with another pea
(3) 2, 3 (4) 4, 3 plant with unknown genotype and
phenotype to obtain following result.
5. A gamete normally contains:
(1) Many alleles of a gene
(2) Two alleles of a gene
(3) One allele of a gene
(4) None one these

6. In a Punnett square, the possible

gametes are written on two sides which What was the phenotype and genotype
are: of that pea plant?
(1) top row and right columns. (1) Violet, homozygous
(2) bottom row and left columns. (2) Violet, heterozygous
(3) bottom row and right columns. (3) White, homozygous
(4) top row and left columns. (4) White, heterozygous
11. Punnett square is used to know: (1) Both statements I and II are
(1) outcome of a cross correct.
(2) probable result of a cross
(2) Statement I is correct but
(3) type of gametes
(4) result of meiosis statement II is incorrect.
(3) Statement I is incorrect but
12. A cross between two tall plants resulted statement II is correct.
in offspring having few dwarf plants.
(4) Both statements I and II are
What would be the genotypes of both
the parents? incorrect.
(1) TT and Tt (2) Tt and Tt
(3) TT and TT (4) Tt and tt 15. Assertion (A) : Mendel proposed that in
a true-breeding, tall, or dwarf pea
13. Match List I with List II & select the variety, the allelic pair of genes for
correct option. height are homozygous, TT, and tt,
List I List II respectively.
A Homozygous I TT × tt Reason (R) : TT and tt are called the
genotype of the plant while the
B Heterozygous II TT
descriptive terms tall and dwarf are the
C Monohybrid III Tt
phenotype.
cross (1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
D Test cross IV Tt × tt (R) are true and Reason (R) is a
A B C D correct explanation of Assertion
(1) III IV II I (A).
(2) IV III I II (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(3) II III I IV (R) are true but Reason (R) is not a
(4) III IV I II correct explanation of Assertion
(A).
(3) Assertion (A) is true and Reason
14. Statement-I : Mendel is considered as
(R) is false.
“Father of Evolution”. (4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
Statement II : He was the first person are false.
who explained the mechanism of
inheritance from parents to offspring.

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 DPP-3
[Inheritance of One Gene: Test Cross, Back Cross, Reciprocal
Cross, Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance: Law of Dominance]
1. Mendel's first law is: 6. Which result is confirmed by the law of
(1) law of segregation dominance?
(2) law of independent assortment (1) F1 has only one type of progeny
(3) law of variation (2) F2 have ratio 3:1
(4) law of dominance (3) No blending
(4) Both 1 and 2
2. Reciprocal cross is :
(1) Back cross
7. Select correct option.
(2) Test cross
(3) Special type of phenotypic cross or (A) F1 × Recessive parent  Test cross
hybridization (B) F1 hybrid × dominant parent 
(4) Pollens of one variety deposited on back cross
the stigma of the contrasting variety (C) Monohybrid test cross ratio  1 : 1
and vice versa. (1) All are incorrect
(2) All are correct
3. The technique in hybridization used by
(3) B & C are incorrect
Mendel was:
(4) A & B are incorrect
(1) Back cross
(2) Double cross
(3) Single cross 8. In a backcross between an F1 hybrid (Tt)
(4) Emasculation and a dominant parent (TT), what is the
expected phenotype of plants?
4. How many types of gametes will be (1) 100% tall
produced by individuals of AABbcc (2) 100% dwarf
genotype? (3) 50% tall and 50% dwarf
(1) Two (2) Four (4) 75% tall and 25% dwarf
(3) Six (4) Eight
9. Which of the following is helpful in
5. Which of the following is incorrect
studying sex-linked characters?
regarding test cross:
(1) Back cross
(1) type of back cross
(2) give ratio 1:1 (2) Test cross
(3) give ratio 3:1 (3) Reciprocal cross
(4) cross with recessive parent (4) Trihybrid cross
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10. Which is not true about test cross? B. Out cross (ii) Tt × TT
(1) F1 crossed with recessive parent. C. Test cross (iii) Monohybrid
(2) To know about genotype of F2. cross
(3) To check the homozygous or D. Law of (iv) crossing a pair
heterozygous condition of F1 dominance of parents with
generation. the sexes
(4) F1 crossed with dominant parent. reversed.
(1) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)
11. A reciprocal cross would be: (2) A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(i)
(1) between a homozygous recessive (3) A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iii)
individual and a homozygous (4) A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iv)
dominant one with respect to one
pair of traits 14. Statement I : According to law of
(2) between a homozygous recessive dominance, characters are controlled by
individual and a homozygous discrete units called factors.
dominant one with respect to two Statement II : Factors do not occur in
pairs of traits pairs.
(3) between a homozygous recessive (1) Both statements I and II are
male and a homozygous dominant correct.
female, and a separate cross (2) Statement I is correct but
between a homozygous dominant statement II is incorrect.
male and a homozygous recessive (3) Statement I is incorrect but
female statement II is correct.
(4) self-fertilization of an F1 plant (4) Both statements I and II are
incorrect.
12. Mendel's law of dominance cannot
explain: 15. Assertion (A) : In Test cross,
(1) alleles do not show any blending phenotypic & genotypic ratio are same.
and both the characters recover as Reason (R) : The trait which is not
such in F2 generation. expressed in F1 generation is called as
(2) factors occur in pairs. recessive trait.
(3) the discrete unit controlling a (1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
particular character is called a (R) are true and Reason (R) is a
factor. correct explanation of Assertion
(4) out of pair of factors one is (A).
dominant and the other is recessive. (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(R) are true but Reason (R) is not a
13. Match column I with column II and correct explanation of Assertion
select the correct option from the given (A).
codes. (3) Assertion (A) is true and Reason
Column-I Column-II (R) is false.
A. Reciprocal (i) Tt × tt (4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
cross are false.

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 DPP-4
[Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance: Law of Segregation, Exception to
Mendelian Principles: Incomplete Dominance]
1. Law of dominance and law of 6. Incomplete dominance is found in:
segregation was based on _____ cross. (1) Triticum aestivum
(1) Dihybrid cross (2) Antirrhinum majus
(2) Monohybrid cross (3) Mirabilis jalapa
(3) Test cross
(4) Both (B) and (C)
(4) Back cross

2. Mendel's principle of segregation mean 7. In Snapdragon, a red flowered plant is

that the germ cells always receive: crossed with pink flowered plant. What
(1) one pair of alleles. is the phenotypical probability in the
(2) one quarter of the genes. progeny:
(3) one of the paired alleles. (1) 1 Red : 2 Pink
(4) None of the above (2) 1 Pink : 1 Red
(3) 2 Red : 1 Pink : 1 White
3. Law of segregation is applicable for:
(4) 3 Red : 1 Pink
(1) alleles separate from each other
during gametogenesis.
(2) segregation of factors is due to 8. Starch synthesis in the pea seed is
separation of chromosomes during controlled by one gene. It has two alleles
meiosis. B and b. If starch grain size is
considered as the phenotype, then from
(3) law of segregation is called as law
this angle allele shows;
of purity of gametes.
(1) Multiple allele
(4) All of the above
(2) Incomplete Dominance
4. In incomplete dominance, the ratio (3) Co-dominance
which does not deviate from the (4) Polygenic inheritance
Mendelian monohybrid cross is:
(1) Genotypic ratio 9. Red flowered plant of Antirrhinum
(2) Phenotypic ratio crossed with white flowered plant in F1
(3) Both (1) and (2) generation all the plants were pink
(4) None of these
coloured. 𝐹1 generation is crossed with
5. Mendel’s principle of segregation is recessive parent. What will be the
based on separation of alleles during: chances of appearance of red flowered
(1) gamete formation. plants in F2 generation?
(2) seed formation. (1) 50% (2) 25%
(3) heterozygous combination. (3) 75% (4) 0%
(4) homozygous combination.
10. Which of the following is an example of A B C D
incomplete dominance? (1) IV II I III
(1) Shape of seed in pea plant (2) III I II IV
(2) Colour of seeds in pea plant (3) II I III IV
(3) Size of starch grains in seed of pea (4) IV I II III
plant
(4) None of these
14. Statement-I : Law of segregation was
derived from F2 generation of
11. In case of incomplete dominance, F2
monohybrid cross
generation has.
Statement II : Six Genotypes are
(1) Genotypic ratio equal to phenotypic possible in inheritance of blood groups
ratio of human
(2) Genotypic ratio is 3 : 1 (1) Both statements I and II are
(3) Phenotypic ratio is 3 : 1 correct.
(4) All (2) Both statements I and II are
incorrect.
12. Red flowered plant of Antirrhinum (3) Statement I is correct but
crossed with white flowered plant. In F1 statement II is incorrect.
generation all the plants were pink (4) Statement I is incorrect but
coloured. On selfing F1 generation, statement II is correct.
What will be the ratio of red flowered
plants and white flowered plants in F2 15. Assertion (A) : In Mirabilis, selfing of
generation? F1 pink flower plants produces same
(1) 2 : 1 (2) 3 : 1 phenotypic & genotypic ratio.
(3) 1 : 2 (4) 1 : 1 Reason (R) : Flower colour gene of
same plant shows incomplete
13. Match List-I with List-II and select the dominance.
correct option. (1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
List-I List-II (R) are true and Reason (R) is a
correct explanation of Assertion
A. Blood I Incomplete
(A).
group in dominance (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
humans (R) are true but Reason (R) is not a
B. Dog flower II Co - dominance correct explanation of Assertion
C. AB Blood III Dihybrid cross (A).
(3) Assertion (A) is true and Reason
group
(R) is false.
D. Independent IV Multiple alleles
(4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
assortment are false.
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 DPP-5
[Exceptions to Mendelian Principles: Co-dominance, Multiple
Allelism]
1. In ABO blood group system in human, (1) ii & iv
how many phenotypes are possible: (2) i & iv
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) ii & iii
(3) 6 (4) 5 (4) All except iv

2. A child's blood group is ' O '. His parents 7. Which is incorrect about ABO blood
blood group cannot be: group in human?
(1) B & O (2) A & O (1) Its inheritance is controlled by one
(3) AB & AB (4) A & B gene i.e 𝐼.
(2) RBC of blood group AB has both
3. Occasionally, a single gene product may
type of sugars.
produce more than one effect. The
phenomenon is called: (3) 𝐼 𝐴 and 𝐼 𝐵 are completely dominant
(1) Multiple allelism over 𝑖.
(2) Co-dominance (4) When 𝐼 𝐴 and 𝐼 𝐵 are present
(3) Pleiotropy together they both express same
(4) Incomplete Dominance sugars.

4. In a multiple allele system a gamete 8. The genotypes of a Husband and Wife

possesses:- are 𝐼 𝐴 𝐼 𝐵 and 𝐼 𝐴 𝑖. Among the blood
(1) Two alleles types of their children how many
(2) Three alleles different genotypes and phenotypes are
(3) One allele
possible?
(4) Several alleles
(1) 3 genotypes; 3 phenotypes
5. Father's blood group is A while mother's (2) 3 genotypes; 4 phenotypes
blood group is AB. Which blood group (3) 4 genotypes; 3 Phenotypes
of offsprings will indicate that father is (4) 4 genotypes; 4 phenotypes
heterozygous for A blood group?
(1) A. (2) B 9. If a male with blood group 𝐴 is married
(3) AB (4) O to a female with blood group O, what
can be the possible blood groups in their
6. Select the set of parents that can not progeny?
produce child with blood group 'O'. (1) A and B
(i) 𝐼 𝐴 𝑖 × 𝐼 𝐴 𝑖 (2) B and O
(ii) 𝐼 𝐵 𝑖 × 𝐼 𝐴 𝐼 𝐴
(3) A and O
(iii) ii × 𝐼 𝐴 𝑖
(4) A and AB
(iv) 𝐼 𝐵 𝐼 𝐵 × 𝐼 𝐴 𝐼 𝐵
10. Choose the incorrect statement w.r.t A B C D
blood group of humans (1) II IV I III
(1) The alleles 𝐼 𝐴 &𝐼 𝐵 produce a (2) III IV I II
slightly different form of the sugar (3) II IV III I
(2) All three alleles, 𝐼 𝐴 , 𝐼 𝐵 &𝑖 have (4) II I IV III
different loci
(3) 𝐼 𝐵 is dominant over 𝑖 14. Statement-I : The plasma membrane of
(4) 𝐼 𝐴 &𝐼𝐵 both alleles are dominant the red blood cells has sugar polymers
that protrude from its surface.
11. Which of the following characteristics Statement II : Multiple alleles are
represent Inheritance of blood groups' in located on same locus of homologous
humans? chromosomes.
a. Dominance (1) Both statements I and II are
b. Co-dominance correct.
c. Multiple allele (2) Statement I is correct but
d. Incomplete dominance statement II is incorrect.
e. Polygenic inheritance (3) Statement I is incorrect but
(1) b, c and e (2) b, d and e statement II is correct.
(3) a, b and c (4) a, c and e (4) Both statements I and II are
incorrect.
12. Which statement is not true about
codominance? 15. Assertion (A) : ABO blood group
(1) AB blood group is an example system in humans is a case of multiple
(2) F1 generation resemble both parents allelism.
(3) Both alleles express themselves Reason (R) : In humans, blood group is
(4) Snapdragon is an example determined by three alleles.
(1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
13. Match List-I with List-II and select the (R) are true and Reason (R) is a
correct option. correct explanation of Assertion
List-I List-II (A).
A. Universal I Human blood (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
acceptor group (R) are true but Reason (R) is not a
B. Laws of II Blood group correct explanation of Assertion
inheritance AB (A).
C. Multiple III Blood group O (3) Assertion (A) is true and Reason
allelism (R) is false.
D. Universal IV Mendel (4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
Donor are false.

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 DPP-6
[Inheritance of Two Genes: Dihybrid Cross, Law of Independent
Assortment]
1. Mendel performed dihybrid crosses in: 7. Mendel proposed the law of independent
(1) Garden pea assortment based upon his observations
(2) Drosophila
on:
(3) Sweet Pea
(4) Both 1 and 3 (1) Monohybrid cross
(2) Dihybrid cross
2. Mendel performed dihybrid cross using (3) Test Cross
the characters:
(1) seed color and seed shape (4) None of the above
(2) pod color and pod shape
(3) seed color and pod shape 8. If a plant with genotype TtRR (tall
(4) pod color and seed shape
round) is test crossed then % of
3. The ratio of recombinants obtained in F2 progenies with round seed is:
generation in dihybrid cross of (1) 100%
mendelian experiments is: (2) 50%
(1) 9 : 1
(3) 25%
(2) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
(3) 3 : 1 (4) none of these
(4) 1 : 1
9. The types of gametes formed by the
4. The sum total of number of phenotypes
and genotypes produced through genotype RrYy are:
dihybrid cross: (1) RY, Ry, rY, ry
(1) 9 (2) 13 (2) RY, Ry, ry, ry
(3) 4 (4) 16
(3) Ry, Ry, ry, ry
5. If TtRr is test crossed, then find the (4) Rr, RR, Yy, YY
phenotypic ratio:
(1) 1 : 7 : 7 : 1 10. In a Dihybrid cross, if you get 9:3:3:1
(2) 7 : 1 : 1 : 7
ratio it denotes that:
(3) 1 : 2 : 1
(4) 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 (1) the alleles of 2 genes are interacting
with each other.
6. If a plant with genotype ttRR (dwarf (2) it is multigenic inheritance.
round) is crossed with plant with
genotype (TT rr), then dwarf-round (3) it is a case of multiple allelism.
progenies will be: (4) the alleles of 2 genes are
(1) 100% (2) 50% segregating independently.
(3) 25% (4) 0%
11. In Dihybrid cross when heterozygous 14. Statement-I : Law of Independent
round yellow are self-crossed, round Assortment was derived from the F2
green offspring are represented by the generation of dihybrid cross
genotype ? Statement II : According to law of
(1) RrYy, RrYY, RRYy independent assortment, segregation of
(2) RrYy, RRyy, rryy one pair of characters is independent of
(3) Rryy, RRyy the other pair of characters
(4) RrYy, rryy, Rryy (1) Both statements I and II are
correct.
12. Round & yellow seeded pea plant (2) Both statements I and II are
(RRWW) was crossed with wrinkled & incorrect.
green seeded pea plant (rrww). 𝐹1
(3) Statement I is incorrect but
generation is formed. On selfing of 𝐹1
statement II is correct.
generation, F2 generation is obtained.
(4) Statement I is correct but statement
How many plants will be green seeded
II is incorrect.
pea plants in F2 ?
1 3
(1) (2) 15. Assertion(A) : The law of independent
16 16
assortment can be studied by means of
4 1
(3) (4) dihybrid cross.
16 16
Reason(R) : The law of independent
assortment is applicable only to linked
13. Match the following :
Column I Column II genes.
A Dihybrid test I 1:2:1:2: (1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
cross ratio 4:2:1:2: (R) are correct and Reason (R) is a
1 correct explanation of Assertion
B Monohybrid II 1:1:1:1 (A).
test cross ratio (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
C Dihybrid phe- III 9:3:3:1 (R) are correct but Reason (R) is
notypic ratio not a correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
D Dihybrid gen- IV 1 : 1
(3) Assertion (A) is correct and
otypic ratio
Reason (R) is incorrect.
(1) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
(4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
(2) A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
are incorrect.
(3) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(4) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

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 DPP-7
[Polygenic Inheritance and Pleiotropy]
1. A polygenic inheritance in human beings (1) The presence of dominant alleles
is: only
(1) Skin colour (2) The presence of recessive alleles
(2) Phenylketonuria only
(3) Colour blindness (3) The additive effect of each allele
(4) Sickle cell anaemia (4) The environmental factors alone

2. What is polygenic inheritance? 6. If an individual has the genotype

(1) The inheritance of traits controlled AAbbCC, what skin color would be
by a single gene. expected?
(2) The inheritance of traits controlled (1) Dark skin color
by three or more genes. (2) Light skin color
(3) Intermediate skin color
(3) The inheritance of traits controlled
(4) Unable to determine
only by environmental factors.
(4) The inheritance of traits with no 7. How does the genotype AABBCC
genetic basis. contribute to skin color?
(1) Darkest skin color
3. Which term is used to describe the genes (2) Lightest skin color
that control polygenic traits? (3) Intermediate skin color
(1) Polygenes (4) No effect on skin color
(2) Dominant genes
8. In PKU or Phenylketonuria, phenotypic
(3) Recessive genes expression is characterized by:
(4) None of the above (1) Mental retardation
(2) Reduction in hair
4. What is another name for polygenic (3) Skin pigmentation
inheritance? (4) All of these
(1) Mendelian inheritance
(2) Quantitative inheritance 9. PKU or Phenylketonuria is an example
of:
(3) Monogenic inheritance
(i) Pleiotropy
(4) Environmental inheritance (ii) Genetic disorder
(iii) Metabolic disorder
5. In the example of human skin color, (1) (i) and (ii)
what determines the darkness or (2) (i) and (iii)
lightness of the skin in an individual? (3) All three
(4) Only (ii) and (iii)
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10. The underlying mechanism of pleiotropy (1) A – (ii), B –(i), C –(iv), D-(iii)
in most cases is: (2) A – (ii), B –(iii), C –(iv), D-(i)
(1) the effect of a gene on metabolic (3) A – (iv), B –(i), C –(ii), D-(iii)
pathways which contribute towards (4) A – (iv), B –(iii), C –(i), D-(ii)
different genotypes
(2) the effect of a gene on metabolic
pathways which contribute towards 14. Statement-I : The genotype with three
different phenotypes dominant alleles and three recessive
(3) Either 1 or 2 alleles will have an dark skin colour.
(4) Neither 1 nor 2 Statement II : Phenylketonuria,
expression characterised by mental
11. Phenylketonuria is caused by mutation retardation and a reduction in hair and
in the gene that codes for the enzyme- skin pigmentation.
(1) Phenyl alanine carboxylase
(1) Both statements I and II are
(2) Phenyl keto hydroxyl amylase
(3) Phenyl alanine hydroxylase correct.
(4) Phenyl carboxylase hydroxylase (2) Statement I is correct but
statement II is incorrect.
12. Provide an example of pleiotropy. (3) Statement I is incorrect but
(1) Cystic fibrosis statement II is correct.
(2) Hemophilia (4) Both statements I and II are
(3) Phenylketonuria incorrect.
(4) Huntington's disease

13. Match the terms in column I with their 15. Assertion (A) : The inheritance of
description in column II & choose the human blood group represents multiple
correct option. allelism.
Column-I Column-II Reason (R) : In polygenic inheritance, a
(A) Dominance (i) Many genes
trait is controlled by three or more than
govern a single
character three genes..
(B) Co- (ii) In a heterozy- (1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
dominance gous organism (R) are true and Reason (R) is a
only one allele correct explanation of Assertion
expresses itself (A).
(C) Pleiotropy (iii) In a heterozy- (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
gous organism (R) are true but Reason (R) is not a
both allele exp- correct explanation of Assertion
resses themse- (A).
lves fully (3) Assertion (A) is true and Reason
(D) Polygenic (iv) A single gene (R) is false.
inheritance influences many (4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
character are false.

15 | P a g e
 DPP-8
[Post-Mendelism: Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance and its
Verification]
1. Chromosomal theory of inheritance- 5. What were the colored bodies observed
(i) was proposed by Sutton and Boveri. in the nucleus during the process of
(ii) states that chromosomes as well as division called?
genes do not occur in pairs (1) Chromosomes
The correct one(s) is/are- (2) Genes
(3) DNA
(1) (i) only
(4) RNA
(2) (ii) only
(3) both (i) and (ii)
6. Which organism did Thomas Hunt
(4) none of these Morgan and his colleagues use for
experimental verification of the
2. Who gave the experimental verification chromosomal theory of inheritance?
of chromosomal theory of inheritance? (1) Pea plants
(1) Sturtevant (2) Drosophila melanogaster
(2) Morgan (3) Mice
(3) Sutton (4) Bacteria
(4) Henking
7. T.H. Morgan had selected Drosophila
for his experiments because:
3. Parallelism between chromosomes and
(1) production of many offspring’s by
genes was explained by:
single mating.
(1) Mendel
(2) clear and easy recognition of male
(2) Kolreuter and female insects.
(3) Correns (3) short life span.
(4) Sutton and Boveri (4) All the above

4. According to the Chromosomal Theory 8. Who rediscovered Mendel’s results on

of Inheritance, where are genes located? the inheritance of characters?
(1) Nucleus (1) de Vries, Correns and von
(2) Vacuole Tschermak
(2) Bateson
(3) Ribosomes
(3) Morgan
(4) Mitochondria
(4) Sutton and Boveri
16 | P a g e
9. What is the Chromosomal Theory of 12. Find out the incorrect statement.
Inheritance? (1) Sutton and Boveri noted that the
(1) The theory that traits are inherited
behavior of chromosomes was
through a blend of characteristics
from both parents. parallel to the behaviour of genes.
(2) The theory that traits are (2) Drosophila melanogaster could be
determined solely by the
grown on simple synthetic medium
environment.
(3) The theory that genes are located in the laboratory.
on chromosomes and their behavior (3) Mendelian disorders are mainly
during meiosis accounts for determined by alteration or
inheritance patterns.
mutation in the single gene.
(4) The theory that traits are
determined by the presence of a (4) Substitution of valine by glutamic
single dominant gene. acid at the sixth position of the beta
globin chain of the haemoglobin
10. What is the significance of crossing-over
in the Chromosomal Theory of molecule cause sickle-cell anaemia.
Inheritance?
(1) It results in the formation of 13. Match List I with List II and select the
identical gametes.
correct option from the codes given
(2) It increases genetic variation by
exchanging genetic material below:
between homologous List-I List-II
chromosomes.
(A) Sutton and (I) Rediscovery
(3) It prevents the separation of alleles
during meiosis. Boveri of Mendel’s
(4) It ensures the inheritance of only work
dominant traits. (B) T. H. Morgan (II) Chromosoma
11. How does the Chromosomal Theory of l theory of
Inheritance support Mendel's Laws of inheritance
Inheritance? (C) Vries, (III) Drosophila
(1) By explaining the role of DNA in
Correns, Melanogaste
inheritance.
(2) By demonstrating the randomness Tchermark r
of gene segregation. (1) A-II, B-I, C-III
(3) By providing a physical basis for
(2) A-II, B-III, C-I
Mendel's laws through the behavior
of chromosomes during meiosis. (3) A-III, B-II, C-I
(4) By disproving Mendel's laws. (4) A-I, B-III, C-II

17 | P a g e
14. Statement-I : Walter Sutton and 15. Assertion(A) : By 1900, due to
Theodore Boveri noted that the advancements in microscopy that were
behaviour of chromosomes was parallel taking place, scientists were able to
to the behaviour of genes carefully observe cell division.
Statement II : The two alleles of a gene Reason(R) : By 1902, the chromosome
movement during meiosis had been
pair are located on same loci on
worked out.
homologous chromosomes
(1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(1) Statement I is correct but (R) are true and Reason (R) is a
statement II is incorrect. correct explanation of Assertion
(2) Both statement I and II are (A).
correct. (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(R) are true but Reason (R) is not a
(3) Statement I is incorrect but
correct explanation of Assertion
statement II is correct. (A).
(4) Both statements I and II are (3) Assertion (A) is true and Reason
incorrect. (R) is false.
(4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
are false.

18 | P a g e
 DPP-9
[Post-Mendelism: Linkage and Recombination, Chromosomal
Mapping]
1. Physical association of two genes for 6. Distance between the genes and
different characters on same percentage of recombination show-
chromosome is: (1) A direct relationship
(1) Linkage
(2) An inverse relationship
(2) Crossing over
(3) Recombination (3) A negative relationship
(4) Independent assortment (4) No relationship

2. Linkage can be best studied by the result 7. If in YyRr complete linkage is present,
of: then probable result of test cross is:
(1) monohybrid test cross
(1) 1 : 1
(2) dihybrid test cross
(3) monohybrid reciprocal cross (2) no recombinant
(4) all of the above (3) 100 % parental
(4) all of the above
3. In Morgan’s experiments on Drosophila,
the term recombination describes. 8. If the percentage of crossing over
(1) Parental gene combinations
between two genes is 10, then the
(2) Non-parental gene combinations
(3) Inter-specific hybrid distance between two genes will be:
(4) Mutant form (1) 10 centimorgans
(2) 5 centimorgans
4. Genetic maps of chromosomes are based (3) 20 centimorgans
on the frequency of- (4) 40 map units
(1) Non-disjunction
(2) Translocation
(3) Dominance 9. Choose the incorrect statement w.r.t.
(4) Genetic recombination Drosophilla.
(1) They could be grown on simple
5. The frequency of recombination synthetic medium.
between gene pairs on the same (2) They complete their life cycle in
chromosome as a measure of the
about two weeks.
distance between genes was explained
by- (3) Single mating could produce a
(1) Gregor J Mendel small number of progenies.
(2) Alfred Sturtevant (4) There is a clear differentiation of
(3) Sutton-Boveri the sexes.
(4) TH Morgan
19 | P a g e
10. Morgan conducted a cross between (1) a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii
white eye, miniature winged female with (2) a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
the wild type red eye and normal winged (3) a-i, b-iv, c-ii, d-iii
male and obtained which of the
(4) a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
following result in F2 generation?
(1) 62.8% parental type and 37.2%
recombinant type 14. Statement-I : Linkage is an exception
(2) 37.2% parental type and 62.8% of law of independent assortment.
recombinant type Statement II : Strength of linkage
(3) 98.7% parental type and 1.3% depends upon distance between two
recombinant type
genes on a chromosome
(4) 1.3% parental type and 98.7%
recombinant type (1) Statement I is correct but
statement II is incorrect.
11. Find out the sequence of genes on a (2) Both statement I and II are
chromosome if recombination correct.
frequenci-es between them are as (3) Statement I is incorrect but
follows
statement II is correct.
(i) Between A&C → 21%,
(ii) Between B&C → 15% (4) Both statements I and II are
(iii) Between A& B → 6% incorrect.
(1) B, C, A
(2) A, C, B 15. Assertion(A) : The maximum frequency
(3) C, B, A of recombination, that can result from
(4) None of these
crossing over between linked genes, is
12. Who coined the term “linkage” 50 percent.
(1) Morgan (2) Mendel Reason(R) : Linked genes shown higher
(3) Bateson (4) Sturtevant frequency of crossing over if distance
between them is longer.
13. Match List I with List II and select the (1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
correct option from the codes given
below: (R) are true and Reason (R) is a
List-I List-II correct explanation of Assertion
(a) G.J. Mendel (i) Chromosoma (A).
l theory of (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
Inheritance (R) are true but Reason (R) is not a
(b) Sturtevant (ii) Punnett correct explanation of Assertion
Square
(A).
(c) Reginald C. (iii) Prepared
Punnett chromosome (3) Assertion (A) is true and Reason
maps (R) is false.
(d) Sutton & (iv) Proposed (4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
Boveri principles of are false.
heredity
20 | P a g e
 DPP-10
[Sex Determination: Introduction, Types of Sex Determination,
Sex Limited, Sex Influenced, Criss Cross Inheritance]
1. In Drosophila and humans the type of 7. What is the importance of Criss-Cross
sex determination is: Inheritance?
(1) XX-XO type (1) It determines the sex of an
(2) XX-XY type individual.
(3) ZZ-ZW type
(2) It identifies traits located on sex
(4) Any of these
chromosomes.
2. The drone of honeybee develops from (3) It controls the expression of sex-
unfertilized egg by: limited traits.
(1) Sexual reproduction (4) It influences the length of the index
(2) Budding finger.
(3) Parthenogenesis
(4) Fragmentation
8. The diagram refer to the chromosome
complement of each sex of fruitfly-
3. Sex chromosomes of a male bird are
represented by:
(1) XO (2) XX
(3) XY (4) ZZ

4. Male is homogametic in:

(1) Drosophila
(2) Humans By which number is an autosome
(3) Fowl labeled?
(4) All of these (1) 1 (2) 2
(3) 3 (4) 4
5. Homologous chromosomes similar in
both sexes are called: 9. Identify the wrong statement-
(1) Sex chromosomes
(1) In male grasshopper 50% of the
(2) Autosomes
sperms have not sex chromosome.
(3) Both 1 and 2
(4) None of the above (2) Usually female birds produce 2
types of gametes based on sex
6. ZW/ZZ type of sex determination is chromosomes.
seen in- (3) The male fruit fly is heterogametic.
(1) ZW/ZZ (4) In domesticated fowls the sex of the
(2) Grasshopper progeny depends on the type of
(3) Honey bee
sperm the fertilizes that egg.
(4) Human
10. A fruit fly is heterozygous for sex-linked (1) A-i, B-ii, C-iii
genes. When mated with a normal (2) A-iii, B-i, C-ii
female fruit fly, in what ratio will the (3) A-ii, B-iii, C-i
(4) A-i, B-iii, C-ii
male’s specific chromosome enter egg
cell? 14. Statement-I : In birds, female produces
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 2 : 1 two types of eggs .
(3) 3 : 1 (4) 7 : 1 Statement II : X-body term was given
by Henking.
(1) Both statements I and II are
11. Sex linked characters have distinct
correct.
feature as: (2) Both statement I and II are
(1) follow criss-cross inheritance. incorrect.
(2) never follow criss-cross (3) Statement I is incorrect but
inheritance. statement II is correct.
(4) Statement I is incorrect but
(3) may be present on Y-chromosome.
statement II is correct.
(4) only present on X-chromosome.
15. Assertion(A) : XO type of sex
12. Identify the incorrect statement. determination is present in Grasshopper.
(1) Birds show male heterogamety. Reason(R) : Genetic make up of the
sperm determines the sex of the child in
(2) Humans show male heterogamety.
human.
(3) Honey bee shows haplo-diploid (1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
system of sex determination. (R) are true and Reason (R) is a
(4) Grasshoppers show male correct explanation of Assertion
heterogamety. (A).
(2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(R) are true but Reason (R) is not a
13. Match the following columns.
correct explanation of Assertion
Column-I Column-II (A).
(A) Male (i) Human XY (3) Assertion (A) is true and Reason
heterogamety (R) is false.
(B) Female (ii) Hen ZW (4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
heterogamety are false.
(C) Male (iii) Birds ZZ
homogamety

22 | P a g e
 DPP-11
[Mutation, Genetic Disorders- Introduction, Pedigree Analysis]
1. ______ is a phenomenon which results 5. Which of the following symbols
in alteration of DNA sequences and represent mating between two unrelated
consequently results in changes in the individuals without any child?
genotype and the phenotype of an
organism. (1)
(1) Deletion
(2) Insertion (2)
(3) Mutation
(4) All of the above (3)

2. There are many chemical and physical

factors that induce mutations. These are (4)
referred to as:
(1) Mutants
(2) Mutagens
6. Point mutation may occur due to:
(3) Both 1 and 2 (1) gain of a segment of DNA
(4) None of the above (2) deletion of segment of DNA
(3) alteration in DNA sequence
3. The incorrect match is: (4) change in a single base pair of
(1)  male DNA
(2)  mating between 7. The symbol of empty circles used in
relatives pedigree analysis represents:
(1) normal females
(3)  unspecified sex (2) normal males
(3) affected females
(4) affected males
(4)  Parents below
8. The inheritance pattern of a gene over
and children generations among humans are studied
above by the pedigree analysis. The character
studied in the pedigree analysis is
4. Which of the following mutations is not equivalent to:
hereditary? (1) Quantitative trait
(1) Genetic (2) Gametic (2) Mendelian trait
(3) Somatic (4) Germinal (3) Polygenic trait
(4) Maternal trait
23 | P a g e
9. Following pedigree represents: 13. Match the following with respect to
pedigree analysis.
Column-I Column-II
A Solid symbol I Carrier of
sex-linked
B The horizontal II Offspring
(1) The trait is carried by Y- line between
chromosome.
symbols
(2) The trait is sex linked recessive.
C Horizontal III Trait to be
(3) The trait is sex linked dominant.
(4) The trait is recessive autosomal. line above the studied
symbols
10. The study of family history about the D Dot in center IV Parents
inheritance of a particular trait in a (1) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
several generations of a family is called: (2) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
(1) Pedigree analysis
(3) A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II
(2) Statistical analysis
(4) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(3) Idiogram
(4) Karyotype
14. Statement-I : Mutation is a
11. In this pedigree, which of the progeny is phenomenon which results in alternation
younger? of DNA sequences and consequently
results in changes in the genotype but
not in the phenotype of an organism.
Statement II : In the pedigree analysis,
the inheritance of a particular trait is
(1) 3 (2) 4
(3) 2 (4) 1 represented in the family tree over
generations.
12. Which one of the following is a wrong (1) Both statements I and II are
statement regarding mutations? correct.
(1) Deletion and insertion of base pairs (2) Statement I is correct but
cause frameshift mutations. statement II is incorrect.
(2) Cancer cells commonly show
(3) Statement I is incorrect but
chromosomal aberrations.
statement II is correct.
(3) UV and Gamma rays are mutagens.
(4) Change in single base pair of DNA (4) Both statements I and II are
does not cause mutation. incorrect.

24 | P a g e
15. Assertion (A) : In a pedigree analysis, a (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
circle represents unaffected female. (R) are true but Reason (R) is not a
Reason (R) : In a pedigree analysis, the correct explanation of Assertion
offsprings are numbered with arabic (A).
numerals (1, 2, 3….) and a generation is (3) Assertion (A) is true and Reason
(R) is false.
numbered with roman numerals (I, II,
(4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
III...).
are false.
(1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(R) are true and Reason (R) is a
correct explanation of Assertion
(A).

25 | P a g e
 DPP-12
[Genetic Disorders: Mendelian Disorders (Colour Blindness,
Haemophilia)]
1. Queen Victoria was a carrier of the 6. Haemophilia is a genetic disorder in
disease: which:
(1) Haemophilia (1) blood clots in blood vessels.
(2) Colorblindness (2) there is delayed coagulation of
(3) Cystic fibrosis
blood.
(4) Myotonic dystrophy
(3) blood fails to coagulate.
2. The % of females in which color (4) blood cell counts falls.
blindness occurs is:
(1) 8% 7. Haemophilia is more common in males
(2) 4% because it is a:
(3) 0.4% (1) recessive character carried by Y
(4) 0.8% chromosome
(2) dominant character carried by Y
3. Haemophilia is due to mutation in: chromosome
(1) X and Y – chromosomes (3) dominant trait carried by X-
(2) Y-chromosomes chromosome
(3) X-chromosomes (4) recessive trait carried by X-
(4) Autosomal chromosome chromosome

4. Which genotype will indicate colour 8. A normal female has no historical record
blindness in male? of haemophilia, marries with
(1) Xc Y haemophilic male. What will be the
(2) XCYC chances of appearance of haemophilia in
(3) XCXC the offsprings of this couple?
(4) XYC (1) 100% (2) 50%
(3) 25% (4) 0%
5. Genes for colour blindness in human are
carried by: 9. If a colourblind woman marries a
(1) mother normal man, their sons will be:
(2) father (1) 50% colourblind
(3) Both (1) and (2) (2) 100% normal visioned
(4) abnormal sex (3) 100% colourblind
(4) 75% normal
26 | P a g e
10. The person suffering from (1) A-I, B-II, C-III
colorblindness, can not discriminate (2) A-II, B-III, C-I
between; (3) A-III, B-I, C-II
(1) red & blue (4) A-III, B-II, C-I
(2) blue & green
(3) red & green 14. Statement-I : Colourblindness is
(4) red & violet Xlinked recessive trait.
Statement II : It is more common in
11. The incorrect statement with regard to male than female in human.
Hemophilia is: (1) Both statements I and II are
(1) A single protein involved in the correct.
clotting of blood is affected
(2) Statement I is correct but
(2) It is a sex - linked disease
statement II is incorrect.
(3) It is a recessive disease
(3) Statement I is incorrect but
(4) It is a dominant disease
statement II is correct.
(4) Both statements I and II are
12. Represented below is the inheritance
incorrect.
pattern of a certain type of traits in
humans. Which one of the following
conditions could be an example of this 15. Assertion (A) : In haemophilia a single
pattern? protein that is a part of the cascade of
proteins involved in the clotting of blood
is affected.
Reason (R) : The heterozygous female
for haemophilia may transmit the
(1) Phenylketonuria.
disease to sons.
(2) Sickle cell anaemia.
(1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(3) Haemophilia.
(R) are correct and Reason (R) is
(4) Thalassemia.
the correct explanation of
13. Match the diseases of column I with Assertion (A).
their appropriate match in column II and (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
choose the correct option. (R) are correct but Reason (R) is
Column-I Column-II not a correct explanation of
A Sickle cell I Royal Assertion (A).
anaemia Disease (3) Assertion (A) is correct and
B Colour blindness II Sex-linked Reason (R) is incorrect.
recessisve (4) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
C Haemophilia III Qualitative (R) both are incorrect.
disorder

27 | P a g e
 DPP-13
[Mendelian Disorders (Sickle-cell Anaemia, Phenylketonuria,
Thalassemia), Chromosomal Disorders (Down’s Syndrome,
Klinefelter’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome)]
1. Sickle cell anemia is occurs due to: 6. The below diagram shows which type of
(1) Deletion syndrome.
(2) Single base pair change
(3) Duplication
(4) Polygenes

2. The defect sickle-cell anemia is caused

by the __of glutamic acid by valine at
the 6th position of the ___ globin chain
of the hemoglobin molecule-
(1) Down’s syndrome
(1) Substitution, Beta
(2) Deletion, Alpha (2) Klinefelter’s syndrome
(3) Duplication, Beta (3) Turner’s syndrome
(4) Translocation, Alpha (4) None of the above

3. In sickle cell anemia, the substitution of 7. A man has enlarged breasts, sparse hairs
amino acid occurs from:
on the body and sex chromosomal
(1) GUG to GAG
(2) CUG to CAG formula XXY. He then suffers from:
(3) CAG to CUG (1) Down’s syndrome
(4) GAG to GUG (2) Edward’s syndrome
(3) Turner’s syndrome
4. Select correct option w.r.t trisomy (4) Klinefelter’s syndrome
aneuploidy.
(1) Down syndrome
8. The person with Klinefelter’s syndrome
(2) Klinefelter's syndrome
(3) Turner's syndrome has:
(4) Both 1 and 2 (1) 45 autosomes and X sex
chromosome.
5. Which of the following characters is not (2) 44 autosomes and XXY sex
related to down's syndrome? chromosomes.
(1) Short stature with small round head (3) 45 autosomes and XYY sex
(2) Furrowed tongue & partially open
chromosomes.
mouth
(3) Big & wrinkled tongue (4) 44 autosomes and X sex
(4) Gynaecomastia chromosome.
9. Choose the incorrect statement. 12. Choose correct matching.
(1) The Klinefelter's syndrome is Column-I Column-II
caused due to presence of an (1) Klinefelter's 45 + XXY
syndrome
additional copy of X-chromosome.
(2) Turner's Present in Male
(2) Sickle cell anemia is a qualitative
syndrome
disorder. (3) Chromosomal Phenylketonuria
(3) small round head with short disorder
statured is seen in down's (4) Down's 45 + XY
syndrome. syndrome
(4) Polyploidy condition is generally
seen in animals. 13. Match the column I with column II and
select the correct option.
Column I Column II
10. Choose the correct option for the A Monoploi- I 2n – 1
following statements w.r.t. to turner's dy
syndrome. B Monosomy II 2n + 1
(A) Chromosomal constituents → 44 + C Nullisomy III AAAABB
XO. D Trisomy IV 2n – 2
(B) Females are sterile as ovaries are E Autopolyp- V n
loidy
rudimentary.
VI 3n
(C) Other secondary sexual characters
A B C D E
are present. (1) V I IV II III
(1) All are correct. (2) V II IV I III
(2) All are incorrect. (3) VI V III IV II
(3) A & B are incorrect. (4) II I III VI V
(4) Only C is incorrect.
14. Statement-I : Phenyl pyruvic acid is
excreted through urine because of its
11. If a normal diploid cell of an individual poor absorption .
Statement II : Phenylketonuria is the
is represented as , the following inborn error of metabolism.
(1) Both statements I and II are
cells represents monosomic condition? correct.
(2) Both statement I and II are
(1) (2)
incorrect.
(3) Statement I is correct but
(3) (4) statement II is incorrect.
(4) Statement I is incorrect but
statement II is correct.
29 | P a g e
15. Assertion (A) : Thalassemia is (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
quantitative disorder. (R) are true but Reason (R) is not a
correct explanation of Assertion
Reason (R) : Thalassemia results in (A).
reduced rate of synthesis of one of the (3) Assertion (A) is true and Reason
globin chains. (R) is false.
(1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
(R) are true and Reason (R) is a are false.
correct explanation of Assertion
(A).

30 | P a g e