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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
S.NO TOPIC
NUMBER

1 Aim and Objective of the subject 5

2 Detailed Lesson Plan 6

UNIT-I- FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN DESIGN

STEADY STRESSES AND VARIABLE STRESSES IN MACHINE MEMBERS

3 Part - A (2Marks Qn. &Ans.) 8

4 Part - B (13Marks Qn. &Ans.) 12

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UNIT-II- DESIGN OF SHAFTS AND COUPLINGS

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5 Part - A (2Marks Qn. &Ans.) 35

6 Part - B (13Marks Qn. &Ans.) 39

UNIT-III: DESIGN OF TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT JOINTS

7 Part - A (2Marks Qn. &Ans.) 68

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8 Part - B (13Marks Qn. &Ans.) 72
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UNIT-IV: ENERGY STORING ELEMENTS AND ENGINE COMPONENTS

9 Part - A (2Marks Qn. &Ans.) 90

10 Part - B (13Marks Qn. &Ans.) 93

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UNIT-V: DESIGN OF BEARINGS AND MISCELLANEOUS ELEMENTS

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11 Part - A (2Marks Qn. &Ans.) 118

12 Part - B (13Marks Qn. &Ans.) 121

PART – C
( UNIT I – UNIT V )
.

13 Part – C (15 Marks Qn. & Ans.) 137

14 Industrial / Practical Connectivity of the Subject 168

15 Anna University Previous Year Question Papers 170

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ME3591 DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS LTPC3003

Aim and objective of the subject

 To design is either to formulate a plan for the satisfaction of a specified need or to

solve a problem.
 Attain knowledge on the principles and procedure for the design of mechanical
components.
 To develop an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems.
 To develop an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools
necessary for engineering practice.

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 Develop an ability to apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science, and Engineering
 To analyze the stress on mechanical machine elements and understand, identify

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and quantify failure modes of machine elements
 To design machine elements to withstand load and deformations for a given
application.
 To determine shape and dimensions of the component withstanding the load and
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stresses in the working environment.
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 To develop an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired

needs within realistic constraints.
 To understand the principles involved in evaluating the shape and dimensions of a
component to satisfy functional and strength requirements.
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 To estimate life or performance under static, fatigue, impact and creep loading
conditions.
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 To learn to use catalogues and standard machine components

 To learn to use standard practices and standard data
.

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DETAILED LESSON PLAN

Name of the Subject : DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS
TEXT BOOK:
1. Bhandari V, “Design of Machine Elements”, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Book Co, 2010.
2. Joseph Shigley, Charles Mischke, Richard Budynas and Keith Nisbett “Mechanical
Engineering Design”, 8th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.
REFERENCES:
1. Sundararajamoorthy T. V. Shanmugam .N, “Machine Design”, Anuradha Publications,
Chennai, 2003.
2. Robert C. Juvinall and Kurt M. Marshek, “Fundamentals of Machine Design”, 4th Edition,
Wiley, 2005
3. Alfred Hall, Halowenko, A and Laughlin, H., “Machine Design”, Tata McGraw-Hill
BookCo.(Schaum’s Outline), 2010
4. Bernard Hamrock, Steven Schmid,Bo Jacobson, “Fundamentals of Machine Elements”,2nd

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Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Book Co., 2006.
5. Orthwein W, “Machine Component Design”, Jaico Publishing Co, 2003.
6. Ansel Ugural, “Mechanical Design – An Integral Approach", 1st Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill

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Book Co, 2003.
7. Merhyle F. Spotts, Terry E. Shoup and Lee E. Hornberger, “Design of Machine Elements”
8th Edition, Printice Hall, 2003.

Hours
Cumulative Books
Sl. No Unit Required
Topic / Portions to be Covered
Hours Referred
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/ Planned
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN DESIGN
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Introduction to the design process -

1 1 1 T1,T2
factors influencing machine design
Selection of materials based on
2 1 2 T1,T2
mechanical properties
3 Preferred numbers, fits and tolerances 1 3 T1,T2
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Direct, Bending and torsional stress

4 1 4 T1,T2
equations
5 Impact and shock loading 1 5 T1,T2
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Calculation of principle stresses for

6 1 various load combinations– 1 6 T1,T2

7 Eccentric loading 1 7 T1,T2

8 Curved beams 2 9 T1,T2

.

9 Crane hook and ‘C’ frame 1 10 T1,T2

10 Factor of safety – Theories of Failure 2 12 T1,T2

Design based on strength and stiffness
11 1 13 T1,T2
– stress concentration
12 Design for variable loading. 2 15 T1,T2

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DESIGN OF SHAFTS AND COUPLINGS

13 Design of solid based on strength 2 17 T1,T2
14 Design of solid shaft based on rigidity 2 19 T1,T2
Design of solid shaft based on critical
15 1 20 T1,T2
2 speed
Design of hollow shafts based on
16 2 22 T1,T2
strength
Design of hollow shaft based on
17 2 24 T1,T2
rigidity
Design of hollow shaft based on
18 1 25 T1,T2
critical speed
19 Keys, keyways and splines 1 26 T1,T2
20 Rigid couplings. 2 28 T1,T2

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21 Flexible couplings. 2 30 T1,T2

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TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT JOINTS
Threaded fasteners - Bolted joints
22 2 32 T1,T2
including eccentric loading
23 Welded joints 4 36 T1,T2
24 3 Riveted joints for structures 2 38 T1,T2
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25 Knuckle joints 3 41 T1,T2
26 Cotter joints 2 43 T1,T2
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27 Theory of bonded joints. 2 45 T1,T2

ENERGY STORING ELEMENTS AND ENGINE COMPONENTS
Various types of springs, optimization
28 5 50 T1,T2
of helical springs
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29 Rubber springs 1 51 T1,T2

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Flywheels considering stresses in rims
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30 and arms for engines and punching 5 56 T1,T2

machines
31 Connecting Rods 2 58 T1,T2
32 Crank shafts 2 60 T1,T2
.

DESIGN OF BEARINGS AND MISCELLANEOUS ELEMENTS

Sliding contact and rolling contact
33 4 64 T1,T2
bearings
34 5 Hydrodynamic journal bearings 2 66 T1,T2
Sommerfeld Number, Raimondi and
35 1 67 T1,T2
Boyd graphs
36 Selection of Rolling Contact bearings. 5 72 T1,T2

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UNIT –I
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN DESIGN
STEADY STRESSES AND VARIABLE STRESSES IN MACHINE MEMBERS

PART –A

1. What is 'Adaptive design and Optimum design? (Dec 2007, 2011, 2012)

Adaptive design: It is a design process where a new product is developed just by

making small changes to the existing product.

Optimum design: Optimization is the process of maximizing a desired quantity or

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minimizing an undesired one.

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2. List some factors that influence machine design. (Dec 2010)
Strength, stiffness, surface finish, tolerances, manufacturability,
ergonomics and aesthetics, working atmosphere, cost, safety and reliability.
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3. Describe material properties hardness stiffness and resilience. (Apr 2009,
Nov 2009, Dec 2013)
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Hardness: It is the ability of the material to resist scratching and indentation

Stiffness: It is the ability of the material to resist deformation under loading
Resilience: It is the ability of the material to resist absorb energy and to
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resist shock and impact load.

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4. What is interchangeable manufacture?

Manufacturing process in which the produced parts that go in to assembly
may be Selected at random from a large number of plates.
.

5. What are unilateral and bilateral tolerances?(May 2013)

A unilateral tolerance is tolerance in which variation is permitted only in
one direction from, the specified direction. Eg- 1800+0.060/-0.060
Bilateral tolerance is tolerance in which variartion is permitted in both
direction from the specified direction. eg- 1800 +0.060/-0.060
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6. Differentiate between hardness and toughness of materials. (May 2014)

s.no Hardness Toughness
1. It refers yhe energy required to It refer the total energy which can be
deform a material used before the material breaks
2. Hardness is the characteristic of Toughness is the resistance to fracture
a solid material expressing its of a material when stressed
resistance to permanent
deformation
3. Hardness is the ability to Toughness is the measure of a
withstand localized deformation material ability to absorb energy

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at the surface. without breaking or fracture

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7. List at least two methods to improve the fatigue strength. (Nov 2008)
 Annealing
 Plastic coating
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 Cold straining
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8. Determine the force required to punch a hole of 20mm diameter in a 5mm

thick plate with ultimate shear strength of 250MPa. (Nov 2014)
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Given data:
Diameter, d=20mm
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Thickness, t= 5mm
Shear strength, τ = 250MPa=250N/mm2
Solution: Force F= π d t τ = π.20.5.250 = 78.54KN
.

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9. State the different between straight and curved beams. (Dec 2012)

Feature Straight beam Curved beam

Centroidal axis and Are coincident Are not coincident.
neutral axis Neutral axis is shifted
towards the centre of
curvature
Stress developed Same throughout the Different at inner and
section outer radii of the section

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10. Give some methods of reducing stress concentration.(Dec 2010)

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i. Avoiding sharp corners.
ii. Providing fillets.
iii. Use of multiple holes instead of single hole
iv. Undercutting the shoulder parts.
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11. What are the factors that govern selection of materials while designing a
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machine component? (Dec 2010)

 Required material properties
 Manufacturing easy
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 Material availability
 Cost
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12. Define stress concentration and stress concentration factor.(Apr 2009, May
2012, 2014)
Stress concentration is the increase in local stresses at points of rapid
.

change in cross section or discontinuities.

Stress concentration factor is the ratio of maximum stress at critical section
to the nominal stress. Kt=σmax/ σo

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13. Explain notch sensitivity. State the relation between stress concentration
factor, fatigue stress concentration factor and notch sensitivity.

Notch sensitivity (q) is the degree to which the theoretical effect of stress
concentration is actually reached. The relation is, Kf = 1 + q (Kt-1)

14. What are the methods used to improve fatigue strength? (Dec 2013)

• Cold working like shot penning, burnishing.

• Heat treatment such as induction hardening, case hardening, nitrating

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• Pre-stressing

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15. State Rankine theory of failure and its limitations.

Rankine theory of failure: According to this theory, the failure or yielding occurs at a
point in a member when the maximum principal or normal stress in a bi-axial stress
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system reaches the limiting strength of the material in a simple tension test.

Limitations: Since the maximum principal or normal stress theory is based on failure
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in tension or compression and ignores the possibility of failure due to shearing stress,
therefore it is not used for ductile materials. However, for brittle materials which are
relatively strong in shear but weak in tension or compression, this theory is generally
used.
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16. Define modulus of resilience and proof resilience. (April 2017)

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The total strain energy stored in a body is commonly known as resilience. Resilience
is also defined as the capacity of a strained body for doing work on the removal of the
straining force.
.

Proof resilience is the maximum amount of strain energy stored in the body, when the
body is stressed upto elastic limit.

Modulus of resilience is is the maximum amount of strain energy stored in the body
per unit volume, when the body is stressed upto elastic limit.

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UNIT II

SHAFTS AND COUPLINGS

PART - A

1. Classify keys with its applications? (May 2012)

(a) Saddle key- It is applicable where light load is used.

(b) Sunk key – It is used to connect pulleys where is moderate load is applied.

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(c) Woodruff key- Used to transmit small amount of torque in automotives.

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2. Discuss the forces on key? (Dec 2012, Dec 2014)

(a) Shear force

(b) Bearing force

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(c) Tensile force
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3. What are the various stresses induced in shafts? (May 2014)

(a) Shear due to torsion

(b) Stress due to bending

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(c) Axial stress if an axial load acts.

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4. Name any two of the rigid coupling? (May 2014)

(a) Sleeve couplings

.

(b) Flange couplings

(c) Clamp couplings

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5. What is the difference between rigid and flexible coupling? (May 2013, May
2016)

Rigid coupling: It is used in low speed applications where a good axial alignment
between connecting shafts can be achieved.

Flexible Coupling: The shafts having longitudinal, lateral and angular misalignment are
connected using flexible coupling.

6. How is the strength of a shaft affected by the keyway? (May2014)

The keyway cut into the shaft reduces the load carrying capacity of the shaft. This is due

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to the stress concentration near the corners of the keyway and reduction in the cross-

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sectional area of the shaft. It other words, the torsional strength of the shaft is reduced.

7. What is the main use of woodruff key? (Nov 2013)

It is used to transmit less torque in automotive and machine tool industries. The keyway
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in the shaft is milled in a curved shape whereas the key way in the hub is usually straight.

8. A shaft of 70 mm long is subjected to shear stress of 40 Mpa and has an angle of

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twist equal to 0.017 radian. Determine the diameter of the shaft. Take G= 80 Mpa?
(Nov 2013)

Given data:
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Length of the shaft, l= 750mm

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Shear stress, τ= 40 N/mm2

Angle of twist, ϴ=0.017 radian

Modulus of rigidity, G=0.8 ×105 N/mm2

.

To find:

Diameter of the shaft, d

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Solutions:

Torsional moment of the shaft, Mt= (π/16) × τ × d3

Angle of twist, ϴ = (Mt×l)/(GJ)

Where J=(π/32) × d4

Angle of twist, 0.017=(2×40×750)/(0.8×105×d)

d=44.11 mm

Standard diameter, d=45 mm

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9. Why a hollow shaft has greater strength and stiffness than solid shaft of equal

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weight? (Nov 2012)

Stresses are maximum at the outer surface of a shaft. A hollow shaft has almost all
the materials concentrated at the outer circumference. So, it has better strength and
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stiffness for equal weight.

10. Indicate the effects of providing key ways in the shaft? (Nov 2010)
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(a) It reduces strengths of the shaft because of material removal.

(b) It increases stress concentration.

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11. What do you mean by stiffness and rigidity with reference to shafts? (Dec 2010)
ST

Stiffness is the resistance offered by the shaft for twisting and rigidity is the resistance
offered by the shaft for lateral bending.

12. Differentiate between keys and splines? (Nov 2011)

.

Key: A key is a piece of mild steel inserted between the shaft and hub or boss of the
pulley to connect these together in order to prevent relative motion between them. It is
always inserted parallel to the axis of the shaft. Keys are used as temporary fastenings
and are subjected to considerable crushing and shearing stresses.

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Splines: Sometimes, keys are made integral with the shaft which fits in the keyways
broached in the hub. Such shafts are known as splined shafts or splines. These shafts
usually have four, six, ten or sixteen splines. The splined shafts are relatively stronger
than shafts having a single keyway. The splined shafts are used when the force to be
transmitted is large in proportion to the size of the shaft as in automobile transmission
and sliding gear transmissions. By using splined shafts, we obtain axial movement as
well as positive drive is obtained.

13. Under what circumstances flexible couplings are used? (Nov 2012)

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(a) They are used to join the abutting ends of shafts when they are not in exact
alignment.

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(b) They are used to permit an axial misalignment of the shafts without under
absorption of the power, which the shafts are transmitting.

14. How is flexibility achieved in flexible coupling? (Nov 2010)

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(a) Kinematic arrangement such as loosely fit members
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(b) Using rubber such as materials

15. Suggest suitable couplings for, shafts with parallel misalignment, shafts with
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angular misalignment of 100, shafts in perfect alignment?

Flexible coupling such as spring coupling can be used for shafts with parallel
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misalignment. Universal coupling is suitable for shafts with angular misalignment of

100 . Rigid coupling can be used for shafts in a perfect alignment.

16. Define equivalent torsional moment of a shaft. (April 2017)

.

The expression M2 + T 2
is known as equivalent twisting moment and is
denoted by Te. The equivalent twisting moment may be defined as that twisting
moment, which when acting alone, produces the same shear stress (τ) as the actual
twisting moment.

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UNIT- III

TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT JOINTS

PART - A

1. How is a bolt designated? Give example. (Dec 2006,Apr 2009)

A thread is designated with Letter M followed by Nominal diameter in mm and
Pitch in mm [for fine pitches only].If coarse pitches are used then P value is
omitted.
Thus M20×2.5 means, Nominal diameter is 20mm, 2.5mm pitch, fine thread.

P
M20 means, 20mm nominal diameter with coarse threads
2. Why are ACME threads preferred over square thread for power screw?(Nov

AP
2014)
ACME threads is easier to machine and it is stronger than square
threads. ACME threads are thicker and wider and operate better in environments with
dirt and debris.
R
3. What are the various initial stresses developed due to screwing up in bolted
CO

joints? (Dec 2010)

 Tensile stresses
 Torsional shear stress
 Shear stress
U

 Compressive and bending stress

4. Under what force, the big end bolts and caps are designed.(Dec 2011)
ST

The big end bolts and caps are designed for inertia force due to
reciprocating parts
5. What is gib? Why it is provided in a cotter joint?(Dec 2013)
.

Gib is an element made of mild steel with thickness equal to the cotter. A
gib is used in combination with the cotter to provide the following advantages
 Reduce bending of socket end
 Increase the bearing area of contact between the mating surfaces.

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6. What are the different types of cotter joints? (May 2014)

 Socket and spigot cotter joint
 Sleeve and cotter joint
 Gip and cotter joint
7. Why are welded joints preferred over riveted joints? (Nov 2003, Apr2008,
Apr 2009)
Material is saved in welded joints and hence the machine element will be light if
welded joints are used instead of riveted joints. Leak proof joints can be easily
obtained by welded joints compared riveted joints.
8. Define the term self locking of power screws? (Apr 2004,Dec 2012, May

P
2013)

AP
If the friction angle is greater than helix angle of the power screw, the torque
required to lower the load will be positive, indicating that an effort is applied to lower
the load. This type is screw is known as self locking screw. The efficiency of the self
locking screw is less than 50%.
R
9. What is the minimum size for fillet weld? If the required weld size from
strength consideration is too small how will you fulfill the condition of
CO

minimum weld size? (Nov 2008)

It is the defined as the minimum size of the weld for a given thickness of the
thinner part joined or plate to avoid cold cracking by escaping the rapid cooling
U

10. Name the possible modes of failure of riveting joint. (Nov 2008, Dec
2012,May 2012)
ST

1. Crushing of rivets
2. Shear of rivets
3. Tearing of the plate at the edge
4. Tearing of the plate between rivets.
.

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11. What is meant by the efficiency of the riveted joint? (Dec 2010)
The efficiency of a riveted joint is defined as the ratio of the strength of riveted
joint to the strength of the un-riveted or solid plate.
η = Least of Tearing Resistance, Shearing resistance and Crushing Resistanace
p x t x σt
Where, p = Pitch of rivets, t= thickness of plate and σt = Permissible Tensile stress
of the plate material.

12. What are the reason of replacing riveted joint by welded joint in modern
equipment.(Dec 2010)

P
Material is saved in welding joints and hence the machine element will be light if

AP
welded joint are used instead of riveted joints. Leak proof joints can be easily
obtained by welded joints compared riveted joints.
13. State the two types of eccentric welded connection (Dec 2013)
 Welded connections subjected to moment in a plane of the weld
R
 Welded connections subjected to moment in a plane normal to the plane of
the weld.
CO

14. What is caulking and fullering?

In order to make the joints leak proof or
fluid tight in pressure vessels like steam
U

boilers, air receivers and tanks etc. a process

known as caulking is employed. In this
ST

process, a narrow blunt tool called caulking

tool, about 5 mm thick and 38 mm in breadth,
is used. The edge of the tool is ground to an angle of 80°. The tool is moved after
each blow long the edge of the plate, which is planed to a bevel of 75° to 80° to
.

facilitate the forcing down of edge. It is seen that the tool burrs down the plate at A
in Fig. forming a metal to metal joint. In actual practice, both the edges at A and B
are caulked. The head of the rivets as shown at C are also turned down with a
caulking tool to make a joint steam tight. A great care is taken to prevent injury to
the plate below the tool.
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Fullering: A more satisfactory way of making the joints staunch is known as

fullering which has largely superseded caulking. In this
case, a fullering tool with a thickness at the end equal to
that of the plate is used in such a way that the greatest
pressure due to the blows occur near the joint, giving a
clean finish, with less risk of damaging the plate. A
fullering process is shown in Fig.

15. Differentiate with a neat sketch the fillet welds subjected to parallel loading
and transverse loading. (Apr-04, May-14)

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UNIT-IV

ENERGY STORING ELEMENTS AND ENGINE COMPONENTS

PART - A

1. Why springs are used in the machine? ( Dec 2010)

Springs are used in the machines to provide cushioning effect or reduce the effect of
shock or impact loading.
2. State any two functions of springs. (Dec 2006)
To measure forces in spring balance, meters and engine indicators.

P
To store energy.
3. What is surge in springs? (May 2013)

AP
The material is subjected to higher stresses which may cause early fatigue failure.
This effect is called as spring surge.
4. What is meant by semi elliptical leaf spring? (May 2014)
The spring consists of number of leaves which are held together by U- clips. The
R
long leaf fastened to the supported is called master leaf. Remaining leaves are called
CO

graduated leaves.
5. What is the purpose of flywheel that is used in an IC engine? (Dec 2013)
A flywheel is a heavy rotating mass which is placed between the power source and
the driven member to act as a reservoir of energy. The primary function of flywheel
U

is to act as an “energy accumulator”. It will absorb energy when demand is less than
the supply of energy and will release it when the demand is more than the energy
ST

being supplied.
6. How does the function of flywheel differ from that of governor? (Dec 2012)

Governor regulates the mean speed of an engine when there are variations in the
.

load, e.g. when the load on the engine increases, it becomes necessary to increase the
supply of working fluid. On the other hand, when the load decreases, less working
fluid is required. The governor automatically controls the supply of working fluid to
the engine with the varying load condition and keeps the mean speed within certain
limits.

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Flywheel does not maintain a constant speed, it simply reduces the fluctuation of
speed. In other words, a flywheel controls the speed variations caused by the
fluctuation of the engine turning moment during each cycle of operation. It does not
control the speed variations caused by the varying load.

7. Define the co-efficient of fluctuation of speed in case of flywheel. (Nov 2014)

When the fly wheel absorbs energy, its speed increases and when it releases the
energy, its speed decreases. N1 and N2 be the maximum and minimum speeds and N

P
is the average speed.

AP
The difference between the maximum and minimum speeds during a cycle is called
the maximum fluctuation of speed. The ratio of the maximum fluctuation of speed to
the mean speed is called coefficient of fluctuation of speed.
R
Cs or Ks = ( N1 -N2 ) / N
8. Under what circumstances Bellevellie springs used? (Dec 2010)
CO

When large force is applied and deflection must be small. When space availability
is small.
9. Distinguish between close coiled and open coiled springs. (Nov 2014)
Open coiled spring;
U

The wires are coiled such that there is a gap between the two consecutive
turns. Helix angle is larger than 100.Both torsional and bending stresses are
ST

significant.
Closed coiled spring:
The wires are coiled very closely, each turn is nearly at right angles to the
.

axis of helix. Helix angle is smaller than 100. Torsional Stresses are predominant.
10. Mention any four types of springs. (May 2012)
Helical Spring Conical Spring
Spiral Spring Disc or Bellville Spring
Leaf Spring.

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11. Why leaf springs are made in layers instead of single plate? (Dec 2010)

Leaf springs are made in layers because,

1. To have equal stress

2. To achieve economical design

12. Define spring Index and stiffness. (DEC 2011)

The ratio of mean or pitch diameter to the diameter of wire for the spring is called
spring index. Stiffness is the ratio of load to the deflection.

13. What are different styles of end for helical compression spring? (Nov

P
2009)

AP
Plain end

Plain and ground

Squared

Squared and ground

R
14. Why piston end of a connecting rod kept smaller than the crank pin end?
CO

(Dec 2010)

The piston end of the connecting rod experiences less bending moment than crank
end. Hence on the basis of beam of uniform strength the piston end of the connecting
rod is smaller.
U

15. At what angle of the crank the twisting moment is maximum in the
crankshaft? ( Dec 2011)
ST

The crank angle for maximum twisting moment lies between 250 and 350 from TDC
for petrol engines and between 300 and 400 for diesel engine.
.

16. What are the forces acting on connecting rod? ( April 2017)

The external forces acting on connecting rod are

1. Forces due to gas or steam pressure and inertia of reciprocating parts, 2. Inertia
forces.

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UNIT-V

BEARINGS

PART - A

1. How are bearings classified? (Dec 2010 & MAY 2014)

Depending upon the type of contact
a. Rolling element bearing
b. Sliding contact bearing

Depending upon the type of rolling element

P
a. Ball bearing

AP
b. Roller bearing
2. What is a journal bearing? List any two applications. (Nov 2006, May 2013 &
May 2014)
A journal bearing is a sliding contact bearing which gives lateral support to
R
the rotating shaft.
3. Classify the sliding contact bearings according to the thickness of layer of the
CO

lubricant between the bearing and the journal.( May 2012)

a. Thick film type
b. Thin film type
U

c. Hydrostatic bearings
d. Hydrodynamic bearings
ST

4. For a journal bearing, the maximum operating temperature must be less

than 80oC. why?(Dec 2010)
Temperature rise will result in the reduction of the viscosity of the oil used
in the bearing. It would lead to metal to metal contact therby affecting the
.

bearing performance and life.

5. What is known as self acting bearing? (NOV 2007)
The pressure is created within the system due to rotation of the shaft known
as self acting bearing.In hydro dynamic bearing, what are factors which
influence the formation of wedge fluid film? (Nov 2014)
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1. The contact surfaces must meet at a slight angle to allow the formation
of the lubricant wedge.
2. The fluid viscosity must be high to maintain an adequate film thickness
to separate the contacting surfaces at operating speeds.
6. Explain the term dynamic load carrying capacities of rolling contact bearing.
( Dec 2012)
The basic dynamic load rating is defined as the constant stationary radial load (in
case of radial ball or roller bearings) or constant axial load (in case of thrust ball
or roller bearings) which a group of apparently identical bearings with stationary
outer ring can endure for a rating life of one million revolutions (which is

P
equivalent to 500 hours of operation at 33.3 r.p.m.) with only 10 per cent failure.

AP
7. What are the types of radial ball bearing? ( May 2012)
1. Deep groove ball bearing
2. Self angular ball bearing
3. Angular contact ball bearing
R
4. Filing notch bearing.
8. What is the application of thrust bearing? ( Dec 2010)
CO

Thrust bearings are used to support axial loads imposed on the rotaing
elements.
9. What is meant by life of anti-friction bearing? ( Apr 2008 & May 2013)
U

For an individual rolling bearing, the number of revolutions which one of

the bearing rings makes in relation to the other rings under the prevailing
ST

working conditions before the first evidence of fatigue develops in the

material of one of the rings or rolling elements.
.

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10. List any four advantages to rolling contact bearings over sliding contact
bearings. (Apr 2009)

1. Starting friction is low

2. Lubrication is simple

3. It requires less axial space

11. State the disadvantages of thrust ball bearing. (Apr 2009)

1. High initial cost

P
2. Less capacity to withstand shock

AP
3. Noisy operation at very high speed.

4. Life is finite

12. Define static capacity of bearing. (Nov 2014)

R
It is defined as load acting on a non rotating bearing under which permanent
deformation is 0.0001 times the ball or roller diameter.
CO

13. Explain the term dynamic load carrying capacities of rolling contact
bearing. (Nov 2004)

It is defined as the radial load in radial bearings that can be carried for a
minimum life of one million revolutions.
U

14. What are the modes of failure of rolling contact bearing? ( Dec 2010)
ST

1. Flaking or surface fatigue, 2. Peeling, 3. Scoring, 4. Fretting, 5.Creep

15. What are anti friction bearings? (April 2017)

.

Advantage of a rolling contact bearing over a sliding bearing that it has a low
starting friction. Due to this low friction offered by rolling contact bearings,
these are called antifriction bearings.

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Industrial / Practical Connectivity of the Subject:

Mechanical engineering design involves all the disciplines of mechanical

engineering. Design results in the creation of something having a physical reality. The
product must be functional, safe, reliable, competitive, usable, manufacturable, and
marketable.

Machine Design is the application of subjects mathematics, kinematics, statics,

dynamics, mechanics of materials, engineering materials, material science, engineering
drawing, thermodynamics, electrical theory, hydraulics, engines, turbines, pumps etc.

P
Industries like Automotive, Industrial Machinery, power Generation, Production

AP
and consumer appliance offers mechanical design services in product design, analysis,
Re-engineering, reverse engineering , prototyping, Part / Assembly Modelling, detailing
and drafting.
R
The engineer has a great variety of tools and resources available to assist in the
solution of design problems. Machine drawing is the integral part of the machine design,
CO

since all the components or the machines that have been designed should be drawn to
manufacture them as per the specifications.Computer-aided design (CAD) software
allows the development of three-dimensional (3-D) designs from which conventional
two-dimensional orthographic views with automatic dimensioning can be produced.
U

Manufacturing tool paths can be generated from the3-D models, and in some cases, parts
ST

can be created directly from a 3-D database by using a rapid prototyping and
manufacturing method (stereolithography). Another advantage of a 3-D database is that it
allows rapid and accurate calculations of mass properties such as mass, location of the
center of gravity, and mass moments of inertia. Other geometric properties such as areas
.

and distances between points are likewise easily obtained. Software packages are
CATIA, UNIGRAPHICS, Solid Edge, Solid Works, Pro -E , AUTOCAD Inventor,
Mater Cam.

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Engineering based software for mechanical engineering applications are finite-

element analysis (FEA) programs for analysis of stress and deflection , vibration, and
heat transfer (e.g., Algor, ANSYS, and MSC/NASTRAN), computational fluid dynamics
(CFD) programs for fluid-flow analysis and simulation (e.g., CFD++, FIDAP, and
Fluent); and programs for simulation of dynamic force and motion in mechanisms (e.g.,
ADAMS, DADS, and Working Model).

Non-engineering-specific computer-aided applications include software for word

processing, spreadsheet software (e.g., Excel, Lotus, and Quattro-Pro) and mathematical
solvers (e.g., Maple, MathCad, Matlab, Mathematica, and TKsolver).

P
It is difficult, but extremely important, to keep of past and current developments in

AP
engineering field. Some sources of information are:

• Libraries (community, university, and private). Engineering dictionaries and

encyclopedias, textbooks, monographs, handbooks, indexing and abstract services,
journals, translations, technical reports, patents, and business sources / brochures /
R
catalogs.
CO

• Government sources. Departments of Defense, Commerce, Energy, and Transportation;

ISRO, DRDO,CSIR, IGCAR, HAL, IIT's, NIT's

• Professional societies. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Society of

U

Manufacturing Engineers, Society of Automotive Engineers, American Society for

ST

Testing and Materials, and American Welding Society.

• Commercial vendors. Catalogs, technical literature, test data, samples, and cost

information.
.

• Internet. The computer network gateway to websites associated with most of the

categories listed above.

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 Anna University Mech-Reg 2021
1st Semester 2nd Semester 3rd Semester

Transforms and Partial

Professionsal English I Professional English II
Differential Equations
Statistics and Numerical
Matrices and Calculas Engineering Mechanics
Methods
Engineering Graphics Engineering Thermodynamics
Engineering Physics
Fluid Mechanics and
Materials Science
Machinery
Engineering Chemistry
Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Materials and
Engineering Metallurgy
Problem Solving & Python
Programming Manufacturing Processes

4th Semester 5th Semester 6th Semester

Design of Machine Heat and Mass Transfer
Theory of Machines Elements
Thermal Engineering Professional Elective IV
Matrology and
Measurements
Hydraulics and
Professional Elective V
Pneumatics
Professional Elective
Manufacturing I Professional Elective VI
Technology
Professional Elective Professional Elective VII
Strength of Materials II

Environmental Sciences Professional Elective Mandatory Course II

& Sustainability III
Open Elective I
Mandatory Course I

7th Semester 8th Semester

Mechatronics and IoT
Computer Integrated Project Work
ECE CSE
Manufacturing
Human Values & Ethics EEE Click on clouds to navigate
Industrial Management other departments
Open Elective II

Open Elective III MECH CIVIL

Open Elective IV
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