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Active and Passive immunity

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Active and Passive immunity

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subhamsekharsahu5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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ED-STAT CPET(ODISHA) ,CUET-PG,IIT-JAM,AIIMS-PG,GATE-XL MOB-7894226802 M.

Sc Entrance
MOB-7894226802

Active and Passive immunity


.

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ED-STAT CPET(ODISHA) ,CUET-PG,IIT-JAM,AIIMS-PG,GATE-XL MOB-7894226802 M. Sc Entrance

Types of Acquired immunity- MOB-7894226802

• Acquired immunity of two


types :
• 1. active immunity
• 2.passive immunity

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ED-STAT CPET(ODISHA) ,CUET-PG,IIT-JAM,AIIMS-PG,GATE-XL MOB-7894226802 M. Sc Entrance

Active immunity Passive immunity MOB-7894226802

• When ready-made antibodies are


• Here own body cell produce directly injected into a person to
antibodies in response to infection protect the body against foreign
or vaccination. agents it is called passive
• It is slow and takes time in the immunity.
formation of antibodies. • It provides immediate relief.
• It is long lasting and is harmless. • It is not long lasting.
• Active immunity may be natural or • It may causes reaction.
artificial-(a)a person who has
recovered from an attack of small • It also passive immunity may be
pox or measles or mumps natural or artificial.
develops natural active immunity.
• (b) artificial active immunity- here
resistance induced by vaccines.
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ED-STAT CPET(ODISHA) ,CUET-PG,IIT-JAM,AIIMS-PG,GATE-XL MOB-7894226802 M. Sc Entrance

Natural passive immunity- MOB-7894226802

• It is the resistance passively transferred


from the mother to the foetus through
placenta.
• Ig G antibodies can cross placental barrier
to reach the foetus.
• After birth, immunoglobins are passed to
the new born through the breast milk.
• Human colostrum (mothers 1st milk) rich in
Ig A.
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ED-STAT CPET(ODISHA) ,CUET-PG,IIT-JAM,AIIMS-PG,GATE-XL MOB-7894226802 M. Sc Entrance

Artificial passive immunity- MOB-7894226802

• It is the resistance passively transferred to a


recipient by administration of antibodies.
• This is done by administration of hyperimmune
sera of man or animals.
• serum (pl.sera) contains antibodies .
• For example, anti-tetanus serum (ATS) is prepared
in horses by active immunisation of horses with
tetanus toxoid, bleeding them and separating.
• ATS is used for passive immunisation against
tetanus.
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ED-STAT CPET(ODISHA) ,CUET-PG,IIT-JAM,AIIMS-PG,GATE-XL MOB-7894226802 M. Sc Entrance

Immune response MOB-7894226802

• The immune response involves –


• 1.primary immune response and
• 2.secondary immune response.

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ED-STAT CPET(ODISHA) ,CUET-PG,IIT-JAM,AIIMS-PG,GATE-XL MOB-7894226802 M. Sc Entrance

Immune response MOB-7894226802

• When our body encounters a pathogen for the 1st time


it produces a response called primary response which is
low intensity.
• Subsequent encounter with the same pathogen elicits a
highly intensified secondary or Anamnestic response.
• This is due to our body appear to have memory of the
first encounter.
• The primary and secondary immune response are
carried out with the help of two special type of
lymphocytes present ion our blood.
• 1.B-Lymphocyte.
• 2.T-Lymphocyte.
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ED-STAT CPET(ODISHA) ,CUET-PG,IIT-JAM,AIIMS-PG,GATE-XL MOB-7894226802 M. Sc Entrance

Primary response Secondary Response


MOB-7894226802

• When our body encounters a • Subsequent encounter with the


pathogen for the 1st time it same pathogen elicits a highly
produces a response called intensified secondary or
primary response. Anamnestic response.
• which is low intensity. • It is more rapid
• It takes longer time to establish • It lasts for longer periods.
immunity.
• It declines rapidly.

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ED-STAT CPET(ODISHA) ,CUET-PG,IIT-JAM,AIIMS-PG,GATE-XL MOB-7894226802 M. Sc Entrance
MOB-7894226802

Auto immunity
.

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ED-STAT CPET(ODISHA) ,CUET-PG,IIT-JAM,AIIMS-PG,GATE-XL MOB-7894226802 M. Sc Entrance

Introduction- MOB-7894226802

• The body is normally able to distinguish its own


self-antigens from foreign non-self antigens and
does not mount an immunologic attack against
itself.
• This phenomenon is called immune tolerance.
• Auto immunity is a condition where immune
system fails to recognize self from non-self and
starts destroying the body's own proteins, this
leads to some malfunctions.
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ED-STAT CPET(ODISHA) ,CUET-PG,IIT-JAM,AIIMS-PG,GATE-XL MOB-7894226802 M. Sc Entrance

Cause of autoimmune disease- MOB-7894226802

• Autoimmunity is caused due to the –


• 1.genetic factors.-genes for T-cell receptors and MHC
genes .
• 2.envirionmental factors- certain drugs, chemical
toxins, elevated in autoimmune disorder.
• 3.viral-
• 4.hormonal
• 5.psycho-neuro-immunological-influence of stress and
neurochemicals
• Here the functions of T helper cell increases and
decreased suppressor T-cell so caused autoimmune
disease.
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ED-STAT CPET(ODISHA) ,CUET-PG,IIT-JAM,AIIMS-PG,GATE-XL MOB-7894226802 M. Sc Entrance

Some autoimmune disease in humans MOB-7894226802

Disease Autoantigen
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia Rh blood group
Graves disease Thyroid –stimulating hormones receptors
Multiple sclerosis Myelin basic protein
Myasthenia gravis Acetylcholine receptors
Rheumatic arthitis Unknown synovial joint antigen.
Systemic lupus erythematosus DNA, histones, Sn RNP
Type-1 diabetes mellitus Pancreatic beta cell antigen.

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