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SEHH2261 Analytical Chemistry Tutorial 2 Answers 202324 s2

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SEHH2261 Analytical Chemistry Tutorial 2 Answers 202324 s2

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刘耒阳
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SEHH2261 Analytical Chemistry Tutorial 2

Suggested Answers

Q.1
Incorrect calibration of the pipet
Temperature different from calibration temperature (delivering volumes with a pipet
at a temp. different from that at which the pipet is calibrated)
Incorrect filling of the pipet

Q.2
𝟐𝟖(±𝟎. 𝟓) × 𝟖𝟗𝟗(±𝟑)(𝟖. 𝟒𝟓)(±𝟎. 𝟎𝟒)
𝑴
(𝟏𝟕. 𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟓)𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝑴
𝟓𝟎𝟎(±𝟎. 𝟐)

𝟎. 𝟓 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒 𝟐 𝟎. 𝟐 𝟐
𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫 = √( ) +( ) +( ) +( )
𝟐𝟖 𝟖𝟗𝟗 𝟖. 𝟒𝟓 𝟓𝟎𝟎

𝟎. 𝟓 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒 𝟐 𝟎. 𝟐 𝟐
√
𝐚𝐛𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫 = ( ) +( ) +( ) +( ) ∗ 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟎
𝟐𝟖 𝟖𝟗𝟗 𝟖. 𝟒𝟓 𝟓𝟎𝟎

NH3 = 0.250 (0.005) M

Q.3
Note: % i.e. relative error and ppb= ug/L

1.00%

1
C2 = 0.001*1000 ug/ml
=1ug/(1/1000)L = 1000ug/L = 1000ppb

𝟎. 𝟎𝟖 𝟐
𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = √(𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟎)𝟐 + (𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓)𝟐 + ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏
𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟎

Absolute standard deviation = 0.01 * 1000 ppb = 10 ppb


Stock concentration = 1000 ppb  10 ppb

Q.5-8 a
0.4/700 *100%
= 0.06%

Q.5-10 c
0.04/25*100%
=0.16%

Q.6-9 a, b, c
Absolute standard Coefficient of variation Results (y)
deviation (Sy) (CV) consider the sig. fig.
consider the sig. fig. More d.p. to find
0.03 -2% 1.44(0.03)
0.1×10-16 1.8% 7.5(0.1) ×10-16
0.5×10-2 6.9% 7.6(0.5) ×10-2

2
Q.4 (a) 0.147 (0.003 or 2%)
Absolute error (nominator) : (0.052+ 0.012)1/2 = 0.05
3.11(0.05)/ 21.1(0.2)

𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝟐 𝟎. 𝟐 𝟐
√
𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = ( ) +( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟔
𝟑. 𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟏. 𝟏

𝐚𝐛𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟔 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟒𝟕𝟑𝟗𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏


=2.75×10-3
0.147(0.003)

(b) 10.18 (0.07 or 0.7%)

Q.5 Sources: measuring devices e.g. pipet, burets, electronic instruments, etc.
e.g. delivering volumes with a pipet at a temp. different from that at which the pipet is
calibrated.
e.g. distortions in container walls due to heating while drying (delivery volume
different from the calibrated volume).
e.g. weighing balance not well calibrated.
e.g. voltage or current instability for electronic instruments.

Q.6 Sources: non-ideal chemical or physical properties of reagents and reactions.


e.g. for titration: volume of standard for end point > volume of standard for equivalent
point (note: small excess of analyte to cause indicator undergo color change).
e.g. instability of analytes.
e.g. non-specific nature of reagents such as Ag+ can react with both Cl- and Br- to
form ppt (AgCl(s) / AgBr(s)) (incomplete reaction).

Q.7 Sources: personal judgements and prejudice.


e.g. estimating the position of a pointer between two scale divisions.
e.g. for titration: observe the color change from the indicator (different people will
have different sensitivity towards color changes).
e.g. time measurement for kinetic studies (different reaction time for different people).

Q.8
Replicate measurements are multiple measurements made upon the same sample.
Replicate measurements allow statistical treatment of data – this allows, for example, the
spread of data and relative standard deviations to be calculated. Replicate measurements
also allow some sources of error (especially indeterminate) to be identified.

3
Q.9
s = 1.96ppm

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