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Stoichiometry_Class_Notes

Uploaded by

Monkey Man
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Stoichiometry Class Notes

1. Introduction to Stoichiometry

- Definition: Stoichiometry is the study of quantitative relationships in chemical reactions, based on

the law of conservation of mass.

- Key Principle: The amount of reactants determines the amount of products in a chemical reaction.

- Applications: Predicting yields, determining reactant amounts, and balancing chemical equations.

2. Fundamental Concepts

- Mole Concept:

- 1 mole = 6.022 x 10^23 particles (Avogadro's number).

- Molar mass: Mass of one mole of a substance (in grams).

- Balanced Chemical Equation:

- Represents the relationship between reactants and products.

- Coefficients indicate the molar ratios.

- Law of Conservation of Mass:

- Total mass of reactants = Total mass of products.

3. Steps in Solving Stoichiometry Problems

1. Write the balanced chemical equation.

2. Identify the given information and the unknown quantity.

3. Convert the given information into moles (if necessary).

4. Use molar ratios from the balanced equation to relate quantities of reactants and products.

5. Convert the moles of the desired substance into the required units (e.g., grams, liters, particles).

4. Types of Stoichiometry Problems


- Mass-to-Mass:

- Example: Calculate the mass of product formed from a given mass of reactant.

- Mass-to-Mole:

- Example: Determine the moles of product formed from a known mass of reactant.

- Mole-to-Mole:

- Example: Use molar ratios directly to relate reactants and products.

- Volume-to-Volume (for gases at STP):

- Example: Use the molar volume of a gas (22.4 L/mol) to relate gas volumes.

5. Limiting Reactant and Excess Reactant

- Limiting Reactant:

- The reactant that determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed.

- Steps to Identify:

1. Calculate the moles of each reactant.

2. Use molar ratios to determine which reactant is limiting.

- Excess Reactant:

- The reactant that remains after the reaction.

6. Percent Yield

- Formula:

Percent Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100

- Definitions:

- Theoretical Yield: The maximum amount of product predicted by stoichiometry.

- Actual Yield: The amount of product actually obtained from a reaction.

7. Practice Problems

1. Mass-to-Mass Example:
- Given: 10.0 g of H2.

- Reaction: H2 + O2 H2O.

- Find: Mass of H2O produced.

2. Limiting Reactant Example:

- Given: 5.0 g of C3H8 and 20.0 g of O2.

- Reaction: C3H8 + 5 O2 3 CO2 + 4 H2O.

- Find: Limiting reactant and mass of CO2 produced.

8. Tips for Success

- Always double-check that your equation is balanced.

- Pay attention to units at every step.

- Practice converting between moles, grams, and particles.

- Be methodical and organized to minimize errors.

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End of Notes

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