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International Conflicts

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International Conflicts

Uploaded by

Crowven
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Israel Palestine Conflict

The Beginning:

The Jews believe that during the 3rd century, they used to occupy
Israel/Palestine but there was a mass exodus due to Christian invasion
forcing most of the Jews to flee, while the others remained as nominal
citizens in Israel. (Christians ruled until the 6th century from 3rd
century)

From the 7th century onwards Muslim invaders started ruling Israel
after the decline of Christian rulers, the Jews had no land of their own
and they were scattered all around the world.
The common aspiration to go back to their home led to a development
in 1897 which formed the World Zionist Organisation, it is
established in Basel, Switzerland.(Zionism is the movement for the
Jews to reclaim their homeland) First Zionist Congress happened in
Basel, Switzerland which led to the formation of the World Zionist
Organisation.

During the First World War in 1914, the Ottoman Empire had
occupied the Palestine area, and it was with Germany against Britain,
France and USA. During 1916, The Sykes Picot Agreement, also called
the Asia Minor Agreement, was signed between France and Britain
regarding the distribution of the Ottoman Empire after the war. Iran
and Palestine were to be taken by Britain and Lebanon, Syria and
Turkey were to be taken by France. WZO gave open support to Britain
regarding funds as such in return Palestine would be occupied by Jews
to which Britain agreed. During 1917, Britain openly announced that
Jews would occupy Palestine after the war if the Ottoman Empire
loses, this is called the Balfour Declaration.
After 1919, the Jews started occupying Palestine. (After World War I
which ended in 1919)

After World War I:

There was a demographic change in Palestine after Jews started


occupying it. Palestine was predominantly a muslim dominated state
but after Jews started occupying Palestine which was a colony of the
British, they became the minority in their own state by 1935, there was
a demographic conflict between both the communities however the
British supported Jews.

Holocaust:

Adolf Hitler started the persecution of Jews who lived in Germany,


this created a sentiment leading the USA to ask Britain to have all
Jews to move to Palestine. Adolf Hitler lost World War II in 1945, and
by then Jews had started occupying Britain, and there was a mass
decolonization around the world meaning Palestine was no longer
under Britain. In 1945, the United Nations was also formed so the
matter of demographic conflict came forward here. On 14th May 1948,
Israel came into the picture, it was said that Golan Heights, West Bank
and Gaza Strip was to be given to Arab-Muslims, the remaining area
was to be occupied by Jews and hence it became “Israel”.

1948 Arab-Israeli War:

On 19th May 1948, Israel was attacked by five Arab-states who did not
like the UN’s decision on Israelis occupying most of the land. It was
attacked by Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Jordan and Syria. Israel was victorious
and was able to win against the 5 countries due to the support of USA
and some European countries.

1956 Suez Canal Crisis:

The Suez Canal was built in 1869 and was owned and operated by the
Suez Canal Company which was controlled by both Britain and
France. In July 1956, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser
nationalized the Suez Canal Company. This was a response to the US
and Britain’s decision not to finance the construction of the Aswan
High Dam. This resulted in a military operation by Britain, France and
Israel on Egypt, which was condemned by many countries and the US
asked the other countries to withdraw their troops. The UN brokered
a peace agreement between the countries and Britain, France and
Israel withdrew their troops and Suez Canal was owned by Egypt by
1947, this is also known as the Second Arab-Israeli war.

1964 Palestine Liberation Organisation:


In 1964 PLO was formed in order to bring various Palestinian
organisations under one group to overthrow the Israeli occupation of
Palestine. There was another war in 1967 which lasted for 6 days (5
June-10 June), and Israel emerged victorious in this but it prompted
them to occupy Palestinian settlements and gaining control although
Palestianians were allowed to live there.

Yom Kippur War:

In 1973, the five Arab countries once again attacked Israel and once
again were defeated, however this time the Arab countries sanctioned
oil supply to the western countries, which led the western countries to
form the International Organisation G7.

After this war, Egypt became the first Islamic state to recognise Israel
and form relations but due to this Egypt was kicked from Arab League
and was ostracized for a time period. But after this the attitudes of
Arab nations towards Israel softened.

Fatah and Hamas:

A faction of PLO was formed called Fatah formed by Yasser Arafat, it


was a radical group. The main goal of this group was to keep the
decision made in 1948 by UN declaration where Gaza strip, West
Bank, Golan Heights were to be rightfully restored to the Palestinians.
In 1987, another faction of PLO was formed called Hamas, which was
on the other extreme, they wanted Palestine to be completely liberated
from Israeli rule.

Oslo Accords 1993:

The Oslo Accords were signed between Israel and the PLO
(Palestinians) under two agreements, Oslo I was signed in 1993 and
Oslo II was signed in 1995. The accords established Palestinian self-rule
in parts of Gaza Strip and West Bank. It was signed in Washington
D.C, USA.

Abraham Accords 2020:

The Abraham Accords were signed between Israel and UAE which was
mediated by the USA in 2020, this started the formal recognition
process by the Arab-states gradually and opened up economic
windows between these countries.

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