FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN TEKNIKAL DAN VOKASIONAL

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

86400 PARIT RAJA
BATU PAHAT JOHOR

AKTIVITI/ KERTAS KERJA /WORK SHEET

ACTIVITY
NAMA PROGRAM DAN
NAMA KURSUS/ BBE
PROGRAM’S CODE &
NAME
NO. DAN TAJUK UNIT
KOMPETENSI /
COMPETENCY UNIT NO.
AND TITLE

NO. DAN PENYATAAN

AKTIVITI KERJA / WORK
ACTIVITIES NO. AND LAB 4: ZENER DIODE
STATEMENT

OBJEKTIF/ i. To determine the function of zener diode when Vi and R is

OBJECTIVES fixed.

1. NAS ILHAM BIN NORAZMI

AHLI KUMPULAN/ 2. MUHAMMAD AFHAM ADHA BIN KAMALUDIN
GROUP MEMBERS 3. MUHAMMAD AIDIL HAKIMI BIN SAIFUL HAZMI

ITEM MARKS

1. Attendance/Discipline / 10

2. Introduction / 10
UNTUK KEGUNAAN
PENGAJAR SAHAJA/
3. Results / 50
FOR INSTRUCTORS
ONLY
4. Discussion / 20

5. Conclusion / 10

TOTAL MARKS / 100

Instructor’s Comment Submission Stamp and

Date
TITTLE : APPLICATION OF ZENER DIODE
OBJECTIVE
(i) To determine the function of zener diode when Vi and R is
fixed.

EQUIPMENT : Digital multimeter (DMM)

Resistor: 1.2 k Ω, 3 k Ω
Zener Virtual

PROCEDURE 1. Construct circuit in figure 1 by using Multisim.

2. Calculate Vl, VR and IL and IZ. Record calculation result in

table
1. Show calculations.
3. Simulate circuit and record the output of VL, VR and IL and IZ
in table 1. Attach the simulation result in lab report.

IZ

Figure 1

Parameter Calculation Measurement

IZ 10.5mA 10.2mA

IL 2.5mA 3.0mA

VL 3V 3.27V

VR 13V 12.6V

Table 1

2
4. Replace RL with Resistor 3.3 k Ω.
Parameter Calculation Measurement
IZ 12.1mA 11.0mA

IL 0.9mA 0.22mA

VL 3V 3.32V

VR 13V 12.64V

3
Discussion 1 Explain what will happen to VL when R = 1.2 k Ω? Relate the
answer to the theory.

With a resistance of 1.2 kΩ less current will flow through the

circuit. This relationship highlights that increasing resistance
limits the flow of current, leading to reduced overall current in
the circuit. Therefore, as resistance increases the current
decreases if the voltage remains constant.

4
 2. Explain what will happen to VL when R = 3.3 k Ω? Relate the
answer to the theory.
When RL is 3.3K ohms, VL and VZ will remain the same or
almost the same but the current will decrease because the
resistance is high. So the function of this diode is to maintain
the voltage value and more current will flow through the diode
to maintain the voltage from changing.

3. From the answer obtained, discuss the function of Zener diode.

A Zener diode is a type of semiconductor diode. Generally,
normal diodes with p and n junctions will not work or block
the flow of charge carriers causing no current flow to be seen
when the device is reverse biased. Hence this condition is
known as Breakdown. The main purpose of designing this
device is to make the device work in a reverse bias condition.
When the current exceeds a certain value (zener current), the
excess current will be diverted through the diode.
In the situation of increasing the load value (for example from
1.2 kΩ to 3.3 kΩ), the load current (IL) decreases, and the
zener current (IZ) increases to keep the voltage constant.This is
in line with the theory that the zener diode works in reverse
bias and starts operating when it reaches the breakdown
voltage.

Conclusion : Do conclusion

This experiment aims to determine the function of the zener

diode in stabilizing the voltage when the input voltage (Vi) and
the resistance value (R) change. Through this experiment, we
tested the ability of the zener diode in maintaining the load
voltage (VL) at a stable value by using two different load
resistance values, namely 1.2 kΩ and 3.3 kΩ.

In theory, the zener diode works as a voltage stabilizer by

ensuring that the voltage on the load remains at a certain value
(known as breakdown voltage or zener voltage), despite
changes in resistance or current in the circuit. In reverse bias,
when the voltage exceeds the zener voltage, the zener diode
will pass excess current through itself to ensure that the voltage
remains stable. This theory is fully applied in this experiment,
where the zener voltage (VZ) is around 3V.

Based on the results of calculations and experiments:

When R = 1.2 kΩ, the calculated value of VL is 3V and the

measured value is 3.27V.

5
 When R = 3.3 kΩ, the calculated value of VL is 3V and the
measured value is 3.32V.

This result shows that the zener diode maintains almost the
same voltage, despite changes in the load resistance. Even if
the load resistance changes, the zener diode is able to ensure
that the voltage remains stable by diverting excess current
through itself.

REFERENCES

1. BYJU'S. (2019). Zener Diode - Explanation, Working, Applications, Circuit Symbol. BYJUS.
https://byjus.com/physics/zener-diode/

2. Electronics Tutorials. (2019, January 29). Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator Tutorial. Basic Electronics
Tutorials. https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/diode/diode_7.html

3. Swagatam. (2019, December 17). Zener Diode Circuits, Characteristics, Calculations. Homemade Circuit
Projects. https://www.homemade-circuits.com/zener-diode-circuits-characteristics-calculations/
‌
4. Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator: Working & Formula. (2021, September 29). Collegedunia.
https://collegedunia.com/exams/zener-diode-as-a-voltage-regulator-physics-articleid-1109

5. Understanding Zener diode datasheet. (n.d.). Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange.

https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/352448/understanding-zener-diode-datasheet