GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY
Chandkheda, Ahmadabad.
Affiliated

NEOTECH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

A
Project Report
On

“DIGITAL FARMING & PROTECTION”

B. E. Semester – IV
(Electrical Engineering)

Submitted by:
Team ID:- 417217

Sr. Name of student Enrolment No.

1. Dharamraj sinh mahida 221173109012

2. Solanki Dhruvkumar 221173109036

3. Rakesh Parmar 221173109019

4. Ruchit Parmar 221173109020

5. Anil Patel 221173109022

Guided By: Head of Department:

MR.AKASH MR.NIKHIL MENON

LUTHIYA

Academic year
(2022-23)
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Chandkheda, Ahmadabad
Affiliated

NEOTECH INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY

CERTIFICATE

DATE:-

This is to certify that “ MAHIDA DHARAMRAJ

(221173109012), SOLANKI DHRUVKUMAR (221173109036),
RAKESH PARMAR (221173109019), RUCHITPARMAR
(221173109020) ” A N I L P A T E L ( 2 2 1 1 7 3 1 0 9 0 2 2 ) of B.E.
(Electrical Engineering) Semester IV have successfully completed the
Course work and related tasks for the course of During the academic
term ending in the month of April -2023.

(Internal Guide)
Mr. AKASH LUTHIYA Mr. NIKHIL MENON
ASSISTANT PROFFESOR HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
Electrical Engineering Department Electrical Engineering Department
NEOTECH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NEOTECH INSITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CERTIFICATE FOR COMPLETION OF ALL ACTIVITIES AT ONLINE PROJECT PORTAL
B.E. SEMESTER IV, ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-2023
Date of certificate generation : 30 April 2023 (14:51:26)

This is to certify that, DHARAMRAJ MAHIDA ( Enrolment Number -

221173109012) working on project entitled with Digital Farming And
Protection from Electrical Engineering department of NEOTECH INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY , VIROD had submitted following details at online project
portal.

Periodic Progress Reports (PPR) Completed

Business Model Canvas (Image) Completed

Business Model Canvas (Report) Completed

Patent Drafting Exercise (PDE) Completed

Final Plagiarism Report Completed

Final Project Report Completed

Name of Student : DHARAMRAJ MAHIDA Name of Guide : Mr.AKASH LUTHIYA

Signature of Student : *Signature of Guide :

Disclaimer :
This is a computer generated copy and does not indicate that your data has been evaluated. This is the receipt that GTU
has received a copy of the data that you have uploaded and submitted as your project work.

*Guide has to sign the certificate, Only if all above activities has been Completed.
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CERTIFICATE FOR COMPLETION OF ALL ACTIVITIES AT ONLINE PROJECT PORTAL
B.E. SEMESTER IV, ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-2023
Date of certificate generation : 30 April 2023 (14:47:24)

This is to certify that, SOLANKI DHRUVKUMAR( Enrolment Number -

221173109036 ) working on project entitled with Digital Farming And
Protection from Electrical Engineering department of NEOTECH INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLGY , VIROD had submitted following details at online project
portal.

Periodic Progress Reports (PPR) Completed

Business Model Canvas (Image) Completed

Business Model Canvas (Report) Completed

Patent Drafting Exercise (PDE) Completed

Final Plagiarism Report Completed

Final Project Report Completed

Name of Student : DHRUVKUMAR SOLANKI Name of Guide : Mr.AKASH LUTHIYA

Signature of Student : *Signature of Guide :

Disclaimer :
This is a computer generated copy and does not indicate that your data has been evaluated. This is the receipt that GTU
has received a copy of the data that you have uploaded and submitted as your project work.

*Guide has to sign the certificate, Only if all above activities has been Completed.
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CERTIFICATE FOR COMPLETION OF ALL ACTIVITIES AT ONLINE PROJECT PORTAL
B.E. SEMESTER IV, ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2023
Date of certificate generation : 30 April 2023 (14:38:25)

This is to certify that, RAKESH PARMAR ( Enrolment Number -

221173109019 ) working on project entitled with Digital Farming And
Protection from Electrical Engineering department of NEOTECH INSTITUT
OF TECHNOLGY , VIROD had submitted following details at online project
portal.

Periodic Progress Reports (PPR) Completed

Business Model Canvas (Image) Completed

Business Model Canvas (Report) Completed

Patent Drafting Exercise (PDE) Completed

Final Plagiarism Report Completed

Final Project Report Completed

Name of Student : RAKESH PARMAR Name of Guide : Mr.AKASH LUTHIYA

Signature of Student : *Signature of Guide :

Disclaimer :
This is a computer generated copy and does not indicate that your data has been evaluated. This is the receipt that GTU
has received a copy of the data that you have uploaded and submitted as your project work.

*Guide has to sign the certificate, Only if all above activities has been Completed.
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CERTIFICATE FOR COMPLETION OF ALL ACTIVITIES AT ONLINE PROJECT PORTAL
B.E. SEMESTER IV, ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-2023
Date of certificate generation : 30 April 2023 (14:32:14)

This is to certify that, RUCHIT ARVINDBHAI PARMAR ( Enrolment Number

- 221173109020 ) working on project entitled with Digital Farming And
Protection from Electrical Engineering department of NEOTECH INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY had submitted following details at online project portal.

Periodic Progress Reports (PPR) Completed

Business Model Canvas (Image) Completed

Business Model Canvas (Report) Completed

Patent Drafting Exercise (PDE) Completed

Final Plagiarism Report Completed

Final Project Report Completed

Name of Student : RUCHIT PARMAR Name of Guide : Mr.AKASH LUTHIYA

Signature of Student : *Signature of Guide :

Disclaimer :
This is a computer generated copy and does not indicate that your data has been evaluated. This is the receipt that GTU
has received a copy of the data that you have uploaded and submitted as your project work.

*Guide has to sign the certificate, Only if all above activities has been Completed.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We would like to express our deepest sense of gratitude and sincere

thanks to our project guide Prof. AKASH LUTHIYA sir for their
support and timely co-operation and helping us by giving the useful
advises for making the project far better than we thought. To
innumerable websites in the internet and to all those who have
uploaded their knowledge, imagination, ideas, graphic skills etc on
these website.
 ABSTRACT

Our project can be operated using wireless operating system and the power
is feed by solar panel. This project is based on advance digital technology
project. Basically it depends upon farm irrigation water pump which is
varying conveniently operated by mobile application. Hence its protect
against electric shock and precaution for any server injury. Our project
includes a bypass control system so that it can be used without mobile app
also. We have made this project on Arduino microcontroller and it work on
5v d.c supply. Thus, this project is enhanced by including lighting, irrigation
and protection against animals and any other organisms and also above all
system are working wirelessly.
 INDEX

CONTENT PAGE NO

1. Introduction ........................................................................... 1
2. Block diagram ....................................................................... 2
3. Working. ................................................................................ 3
4. List of components .................................................................4
5. Circuit diagram ...................................................................... 8
6. Program Explanation.............................................................. 9
7. Canvas.................................................................................. 14
a) AEIOU
b) Ideation canvas
c) Empathy canvas
d) Product development canvas
8. Advantages & disadvantages ............................................... 18
9. Applications ......................................................................... 18
10. Photos ................................................................................. 19
11. Conclusion… ..................................................................... 20
12. . Reference ..........................................................................20
13. . Plagiarism report .............................................................. 21
 1. INTRODUCTION:-

 Digital farming is good concept based on agriculture automation in

which we can protect farm again animals. In this project we build an
automated system by using Arduino module. For coading purpose
the software which we had used is MATLAB.

 It is new concept in terms of protection for agriculture .this concept is

useful for protection of agriculture against animals .Also agriculture
can be protected by facilitating fencing, ultra-violet lights etc. We have
used solar system for saving of electricity and storage purposes too.
The major advantage of this system is compact in size and cost is
reduced.

 Our concept is totally based on Arduino software this system is helpful

for farmers, gardeners and customers etc. This is operated by using
programming and coding in Arduino software. As needed by its
necessity of farmer can operate this system remote wireless by using
Bluetooth module. With the help of Bluetooth application we can
conveniently operate this system from home without any interruption
or manually visiting to agriculture .The operation of the system with
convenience and reliable too.

 The output of solar system can be given to Arduino in daytime and can
be used for night time in battery.

1
2. BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

2
 3. WORKING:-

 Our entire circuit is operating on a D.C power, to solve this problem

we use a solar panel as a D.C power source. With the help of this the
overall electricity cost is reduced. In day time solar panel generate
electricity and it supplied to the voltage regulator.

 The main function of the voltage regulator is it regulates the D.C

power as convenient for circuit and storage batteries. In day time
voltage regular charge the storage batteries and it also supply power to
the circuit.

 For this whole circuit operation we use the arduino. In this controller
we set a program as per function we required. For the wireless
operation we use a HC-05 Bluetooth modem for receive signals from
remote device.

 There are main three function of our project. First we operate the water
pump for irrigate the field wirelessly. Second we operate the U.V
lights & third we operate the sound system to protect the farm plants
from animals. It all operates with the use of any remote device.

 These all equipments are connected to the arudino. And when we send
the operate command to the arudino with the help of remote device it
received by Bluetooth modem and the Bluetooth modem pass the
command to the audio and arudino operate the equipments.

 In night time when sunlight is not available the batteries are supply
power to the circuit. And in day time this batteries are charged with the
help of solar panel.

3
 4. LIST OF COMPONENTS:-

 Solar panel
 Arduino
 Voltage regulator
 Storage batteries
 HC-05 Bluetooth modem
 U.V lights
 BUZZER
 Connecting wires

• Solar panel:-

The word solar panel is used colloquially for a photo-voltaic module.

When we applied solar radiation to this panel it generates the D.C
electrical power. The generated voltage varies as per sunlight. Major
silicon material is used for making solar panel. The capital cost of this
panel is high.

4
• Arduino:-
Arduino is open source computer hardware. Project and user
community that designs and manufactures single- board
microcontroller and microcontroller kit for building digital devices and
interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical
world.

• Voltage regulator IC:-

For regulate the electrical power voltage regulators used. When we

need the power supply with limited voltage then voltage regulator is
used. With the help of this we vary the value of voltage.

5
• Storage batteries:-

To store the electrical power in D.C form the batteries are used. There
are different rating batteries are available in the market as per
requirement. There are two types of batteries some are rechargeable
and some are not rechargeable. The rechargeable batteries price is
higher compare to others.

• HC-05 Bluetooth module:-

HC-05 Bluetooth module is used for wireless communication and data

transfer. This module is operation the +5v D.C supply. This Bluetooth
module is fully qualified Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data
Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete 2.4GHz radio transceiver and
baseband.

6
• U.V LIGHTS:-

The full name of U.V light is Ultra-via lot lights. There are many types
of U.V lights. Some lights are helpful for grow the plants. These lights
are operating on D.C power source.

• Buzzer:-

Buzzer is a device which produces the sound. It used in many areas as

per requirement when we vary the frequency the sound of buzzer is
also varied.

7
5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

8
 6. PROGRAM EXPLANATION:-

#include <Arduino.h>
#include<SoftwareSerial.h>//Header for GSM Module
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>//Header for LCD Display
#include "HardwareSerial.h"
#include "RTC.h"
#include "SD.h"

File file;
RTC_TIMETYPE t;

SoftwareSerial mySerial(0,1);//Object and pin declaration of GSM Module

LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2);//Object and pin declarations of LCD
/*
* LCD RS pin to digital pin 7
* LCD Enable pin to digital pin 6
* LCD D4 pin to digital pin 5
* LCD D5 pin to digital pin 4
* LCD D6 pin to digital pin 3
* LCD D7 pin to digital pin 2
* LCD R/W pin to ground
* 10K resistor:
* ends to +5V and ground
* wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)
*/
/**********************/

int sm = A0;//Asign input variable and pin for Soil Moisture Sensor
int ldr = A1;//Asign input variable and pin for Light Sensor
int hm = A2;//Asign input variable and pin for Humidity Sensor
int temp = A3;//Asign input variable and pin for Temperature Sensor
//Variables declaration
int smValue,ldrValue,hmValue,tempValue,lightValue,soilValue;
float hmVoltage,relativeHm,tempVoltage,degreesC,degreesF;

/**********************/

void setup() // this setup code here is to run once:

{
lcd.begin(20, 4);//Declaration of LCD size and begin the LCD
mySerial.begin(9600);//Start the Serial Communication between GSM and GR-
Kaede
Serial.begin(9600);//Start the Serial Monitor

pinMode(sm, INPUT);//Assign Soil Moisture Sensor as Input

pinMode(ldr, INPUT);//Assign Light Sensor as Input
pinMode(hm, INPUT);//Assign Humidity Sensor as Input
pinMode(temp, INPUT);//Assign Temperature Sensor as Input
pinMode(PIN_LED0, OUTPUT); // for SD access
pinMode(PIN_LED1, OUTPUT); // for File access
pinMode(PIN_LED2, OUTPUT); // for File write access
pinMode(PIN_LED3, OUTPUT); 9
lcd.clear();//Clear the LCD
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);//Set the cursor to origin point
lcd.print(" SMART AGRICULTURE ");//To print SMART AGRICULTURE in LCD
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);//Set the cursor to next row
lcd.print(" SYSTEM ");//TO print SYSTEM in LCD
/**********************/
rtc_init();
t.year = 15;
t.mon = 10;
t.day = 25;
t.weekday = RTC_WEEK_SUNDAY;
t.hour = 16;
t.min = 31;
t.second = 0;
rtc_set_time(&t);
/**********************/
if (!SD.begin()) {

while (1)

; // error

} else {

digitalWrite(PIN_LED0, HIGH); // Success to access SD.

}
/**********************/
if (SD.exists("myData.csv")) {

SD.remove("myData.csv");

}
/**********************/
File file = SD.open("myData.csv", FILE_WRITE);

if (file) {

//Write

file.println(",,SMART, AGRICULTURE ,SYSTEM,,");

file.println("DATE, TIME, SOIL MOISTURE, LIGHT INTEN., HUMIDITY,
TEMP.('C), TEMP.('F)");

file.close();

digitalWrite(PIN_LED1, HIGH); // Success to open file.

} else {

while (1)

;//Error in opening file

}
/**********************/
}
void loop() // put your main code here, to run repeatedly: 10
{
static unsigned long currenttime, oldtime = 0;
static unsigned long starttime = millis();

currenttime = millis() - starttime;

if ((currenttime - oldtime) >= 2000) //@1sec

{
digitalWrite(PIN_LED2, HIGH); // blink LED

File file = SD.open("myData.csv", FILE_WRITE);

/*************************************************************************
*********************************/

rtc_get_time(&t);
file.println();
file.print(t.day);
file.print('/');
file.print(t.mon);
file.print('/');
file.print(t.year);

file.print(',');

file.print(t.hour);
file.print(':');
file.print(t.min);
file.print(':');
file.print(t.second);

file.print(",");

/*************************************************************************
*********************************/

soilValue = analogRead(sm);//Get analog values of Soil Moisture Sensor

smValue = soilValue-24;//Displaying reading within 1000 in LCD
ldrValue = analogRead(ldr);//Get analog values of Light Sensor
lightValue = (ldrValue+200)/10;//Displaying values within 100 in LCD
hmVoltage = (hmValue/1023.0)*5.0; // Convert hmValue to voltage (5V
circuit)
relativeHm = ((hmVoltage+0.958)/0.0307); // Convert voltage to relative
humidity
tempValue = analogRead(temp);//Get analog values of Temperature Sensor
degreesC = (tempValue / 10)+17;//Convert millivolts to Celsius
degreesF = degreesC * 1.8 + 32;//Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

/*************************************************************************
*********************************/

//WATER PUMP Details

file.print(smValue);
file.print(',');
//Serial.print("Soil Moisture : ");//Print "Soil Moisture : " in Serial 11
Monitor
lcd.setCursor(0, 2);//Set the cursor in LCD to 2nd row 4th Column
lcd.print(" SM:");//To print "SM:" in LCD display
lcd.setCursor(5, 2);//Set the cursor in LCD to 2nd row 8th Column
lcd.print(smValue);//Display the Soil moisture level in LCD
//Serial.print(smValue);//Display the Soil moisture level in Serial
Monitor

//Light Details
file.print(lightValue);
file.print(',');
//Serial.print("| Light : ");//Print "Light : " in Serial Monitor
lcd.setCursor(0, 3);//Set the cursor in LCD to 3rd row 0th Column
lcd.print(" L :");
lcd.setCursor(5, 3);//Set the cursor in LCD to 3rd row 2nd Column
lcd.print(lightValue);
//Serial.print(lightValue);//Display the Light Intensity level in Serial
Monitor

//Humidity Details
file.print(relativeHm);
file.print(',');
//Serial.print("% | Humidity : ");//Print "Humidity : " in Serial Monitor
lcd.setCursor(9, 3);//Set the cursor in LCD to 3rd row 5th Column
lcd.print("HM:");
lcd.setCursor(13, 3);//Set the cursor in LCD to 3rd row 8th Column
lcd.print(relativeHm);
//Serial.print(relativeHm); //Display the Humidity level in Serial Monitor

//SOUND SYSTEM Details

file.print(degreesC);
file.print(',');
file.print(degreesF);
file.print(',');
//Serial.print("% | Temperature : ");//Print "Temperature : " in Serial
Monitor
lcd.setCursor(9, 2);//Set the cursor in LCD to 2nd row 11th Column
lcd.print(" T:");
lcd.setCursor(13, 2);//Set the cursor in LCD to 2nd row 14th Column
lcd.print(degreesC);
//Serial.print(degreesC);//Display the Temperature - Celsius in Serial
Monitor
//Serial.print("C ");

//Serial.print(degreesF);//Display the Temperature - Fahrenheit in Serial

Monitor
//Serial.println("F ");

/*************************************************************************
*********************************/

file.close();

digitalWrite(PIN_LED2, LOW);

oldtime = currenttime; 12
void checkConditions()
{
if(smValue < 300 && (int)relativeHm > 20)//Check soil and air moisture
is below 70%
{
if((int)degreesC > 20 && lightValue > 25)//Do not required to feed at
night time
{
sendMessage();
}
}
}

void sendMessage()
{
mySerial.println("AT+CMGF=1"); //Sets the GSM Module in Text Mode
delay(500); // Delay of 500 milli seconds or 1/2 second
mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+919688755885\"\r"); //Declaring Mobile
number with Country code
delay(500);
mySerial.print(" Soil Moisture : ");
mySerial.print(smValue);
mySerial.print(" % ");
mySerial.println(" Light Level : ");
mySerial.print(ldrValue);
mySerial.print(" % ");
mySerial.println(" Humidity : ");
mySerial.print(hmValue);
mySerial.print(" % ");
mySerial.println(" Temperature : ");
mySerial.print(tempValue);
delay(100);
mySerial.println("1\x1A");// ASCII code of CTRL+Z
delay(500);
}

13
7. CANVAS:-

(A) AEIOU:-

14
(B) IDEATION CANVAS:-

15
(C) EMPATHY CANVAS:-

16
(D) PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS:-

17
 8. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES:-

 ADVANTAGES:-

• It Allows farmers to maximize yields using minimum resources

such as water, fertilizers, seeds etc.
• Solar powered and mobile operated pumps save cost of electricity.
• It delivers high quality crop production.
• Automating processes in planting, treatment and harvesting can
reduce resource consumption, human error and overall cost.

 DISADVANTAGES:-
• When any fault occurs the whole system stop the working.
• The range of the Bluetooth is limited.
• Initial cost is high.

9. APPLICATIONS:-

 Our project generates the D.C power so extra D.C power is used
for other works.
 With the use of this system farmers wirelessly controlled the water
pump for irrigation.
 Farm protects against animals with the help of buzzer system and it
also operates wirelessly.
 U.V lights it helpful to grow the plants.
 This type of system makes digitalization in farming sector.

18
 10. PHOTOS:-

Fig.10.1 Photo of project in OFF condition

Fig.10.2 Photo of project in ON condition

Fig.10.3 Photo of project in ON condition

19
 11. CONCLUSION:-

 Nowadays, latest technology uses Arduino based software for

speed, accuracy and reliability. It is very convenient for farmers in
agriculture and operation is very easily understandable as well.
Digitally it can be operate with wireless system by using it with a
simple remote only.

12. REFERENCE:-

 https://www.digiteum.com/iot-agriculture
 https://www.biz4intellia.com/blog/5-applications-of-iot-in-
agriculture/
 "Bs.singal” Book
 www.agrifarming.in

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