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2. Properties of Acids and Bases

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53 views

2. Properties of Acids and Bases

Uploaded by

samwork469
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Draw the last page diagram on unruled

Experiment-2 Class 10 Chemistry white page.

Aim: To study the properties of acids and bases (HCl and NaOH) by their reaction with:

(a) Litmus solution (blue/Red)


(b) Zinc metal
(c) Solid sodium carbonate

Material needed: Test tube, test tube stand, thistle funnel, bent tube, matchstick, two bore cork,
blue and red litmus paper, granulated Zinc, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, lime water,
beaker,

Theory:

According to Arrhenius concept of acid and bases, an acid is a substance which furnishes
−¿¿
+¿+C l ¿
H+ ions, when dissolved in water. HC l aq → H aq aq

1. HCl is an acid and turns blue litmus to red.


2. HCl reacts with zinc metal to form zinc chloride and hydrogen.
Zn+ HCl→ ZnC l 2+ H 2 ↑
3. HCl reacts with sodium hydroxide, which is a strong alkali, to form sodium chloride.
HCl+ NaOH → NaCl+ H 2 O
4. HCl reacts with sodium carbonate to give rise to CO2.
HCl+ N a2 C O3 → NaCl+C O2 ↑
Ca (OH )2 +C O2 →CaC O3 + H 2 O
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong alkali. Its pH is much higher than 7. So, it turns red litmus
to blue.

NaOH reacts with zinc to form sodium zincate and hydrogen.


Zn+ NaOH → N a2 Zn O2 + H 2 ↑
Procedure:

Experiment Observation Inference

Take small amount of blue Blue litmus solution turns red. HCl is an acid
and red litmus solutions
separately in two test tubes.
Add few drops of HCl to each
test tube using a dropper.

Take a little amount of blue Red litmus solution turns NaOH is an alkali
and red litmus solutions blue.
separately in two test tubes.
Add few drops of NaOH to
each test tube using a
dropper.

Experiment Observation Inference


Take some pieces of zinc gas is evolved. It Hydrogen gas evolves, when
metal in a boiling tube. Add extinguishes the burning HCl reacts with Zinc
few drops of HCl into the matchstick and burns itself
boiling tube using a dropper. with a popping sound.
Then cover the mouth of test
tube with a cork in which fine
jet inserted. Heat the boiling
tube. Bring a burning
matchstick near the mouth of
the fine jet.

Take some pieces of zinc gas is evolved. It Hydrogen gas evolves when
metal in a boiling tube. Add extinguishes the burning NaOH react with Zinc
few drops of NaOH into the matchstick and burns itself
boiling tube using a dropper. with a popping sound.
Then cover the mouth of test
tube with a cork in which fine
jet inserted. Heat the boiling
tube. Bring a burning
matchstick near the mouth of
the fine jet.

Take a small quantity of solid A gas is evolved which turns The gas produced is carbon
sodium carbonate in a flask. lime water turns milky. dioxide due to the action of
Then add distilled water into HCl on Na2CO3, which turns
it. Cork the flask with a lime water milky.
double bore cork and insert a
thistle funnel into the flask.
Then place a beaker
containing lime water near
the flask. Then insert one end
of the delivery tube into the
flask and the other end into
the beaker. Now add HCl into
the flask through the thistle
funnel and observe the
change in colour of the lime
water.

Take a small quantity of solid The solution in the test tube Both NaOH and Na2CO3 are
sodium carbonate in a test turns pink. alkali, so they do not react
tube and add a little of NaOH but form alkaline solution.
solution into it. Then shake Phenolphthalein gives pink
the test tube well. Then add colour in an alkaline medium.
few drops of phenolphthalein
into the test tube.
Precautions:

Take small quantities of zinc, HCl and NaOH for their reaction, otherwise large amount of hydrogen
produced may cause explosion.

To hydrogen burning take a fine jet.

Add HCl to Na2CO3, only when apparatus is made carefully airtight.

NaOH and HCl are injurious, handle these chemicals carefully.

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