X::AI

Artificial Intelligence
Unit 1 : Introduction to AI
A. Select the correct option. (Page 135)
1. What ethical concern arises when AI technology is not available to everyone due to factors like cost and
knowledge.
a. AI bias b. Job displacement c. Data privacy d. AI access
2. What is the main goal of Natural Language Processing in AI?
a. Creating 3D graphics b. Understanding and interpreting human language.
c. Identifying patterns in visual data. d. Analysing historical data.
3. Which type of bias in AI occurs when an algorithm produces biased results due to past data that contains
prejudice and discrimination?
a. Sampling bias b. Historical bias c. Gender bias d. None of these
4. What does naturalist intelligence involve?
a. Expertise in physical activities and coordination.
b. Skill in understanding and communicating with others.
c. Capacity to create rhythms and understand sound patterns.
d. Ability to identify and classify plants, animals, and the environment.
5. What does AI aim to replicate in machines?
a. Human emotions b. Human appearance
c. Human intelligence d. Human physical strength.
6. Which type of bias in AI can occur when the training data is not a fair representation of the real-world
population?
a. Sampling bias b. Historical bias
c. Gender bias d. Data bias.
7. Which of the following is an example that best represents an AI application?
a. A calculator performing arithmetic calculations.
b. A self-driving car making decisions based on real-time data.
c. A traditional alarm clock ringing at a set time.
d. A microwave heating food according to the programmed settings.
8. What is the main focus of deep learning in AI?
a. Creating humanoid robots.
b. Understanding human emotions.
c. Mimicking human physical abilities.
d. Building neural networks to mimic human brain behaviour.
9. Which intelligence is displayed by those who understand their own emotions, strengths, weaknesses, and
thoughts very well?
a. Intrapersonal intelligence b. Interpersonal intelligence
c. Naturalist intelligence d. Existential intelligence.
10. Identify the incorrect statement from the following.
i. AI models can be broadly categorised into four domains.
ii. Data Science is one of the domains of AI.
iii. Price comparison websites are examples of data science.
iv. The information extracted through data science can be used to make decisions about it.
a. Only (iv) b. (iii) and (iv) c. Only (i) d. (ii) and (iii)
11. Email filters, spam filters, and smart assistants are examples of
a. Pocket assistants. b. CV c. NLP d. Evaluation
12. Smart assistants, such as Alexa and Siri, are examples of :
a. Natural Language Processing b. Data Science
c. Machine Learning d. Computer Vision
13. “This type of intelligence measure one’s awareness of the natural world around them and their
sensitivities to any changes that occur. It allows us to identify the variation among two different species
and understand how they are related”.
Identify the type of intelligence described in the above sentence.
a. Natural intelligence b. Intrapersonal intelligence
c. Existential intelligence d. None of these
14. Identify the incorrect statement(s) from the following.
i. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning.
ii. Machine learning is a subset of deep learning.
iii. AI is a subset of deep learning.
iv. Deep learning is the advanced form of AI and ML.
a. Only (i) b. (ii) and (iii) c. (i) and (ii) d. Only (iii)
15. Search engines not only predict what popular searches may apply to your query as you start typing,
but they also look at the whole picture and recognise what you are trying to say rather than the exact search
words. This is an example of ________________
a. Computer Vision b. Data Science
c. Natural Language Processing d. Natural Language Understanding
16. When a user installs an app in the smartphone, it asks for access to the gallery, contacts, etc. After
accepting this, it gives the user an agreement which most users accept without realising the implications.
What is the concern here?
a. Dava privacy b. Unemployment c. AI bias d. No concern
17. ______ is a domain of AI that depicts the capability of a machine to get and analyse visual information
and afterwards predict some decisions about it.
a. NLP b. Data Science c. AR d. Computer Vision
18. The basis of decision-making depends upon __________
i. Availability of information ii. Past experience
iii. Positive attitude iv. Self-awareness
a. (i) and (ii) b. (ii) and (iv) c. (i), (ii) and (iv) d. (i), (ii) and (iii)
19. Unscramble the letters and find the correct answer.
DATA + _________ = AI MACHINE
a. SMEGSEA b. IMLHOMRGAT c. RROER d. TSMMCOE
20. A leading multinational company that operates a chain of hypermarkets and grocery stores deployed
an AI application to make it easier for employees to keep their stores running smoothly. They used
thousands of video cameras, weighted sensors on shelves, and other technologies that can tell employees
when certain products are starting to go bad. One of the tasks of the application is to identify bananas that
have started to turn brown, eliminating the need for employees to manually inspect fruit. Which of the
following domains is used to achieve this?
a. Data Science b. Computer Vision
c. Natural Language Processing d. Fuzzy Logic

ANSWERS
1.d 2.b 3.b 4.d 5.c 6.a 7.b 8.d 9.a 10.c
11.c 12.a 13.a 14.b 15.c 16.a 17.d 18.c 19.b 20.b
B. Fill in the blanks (P 138)
1. AI Ethics refers to a set of moral principles that form the guidelines for the development and deployment of
AI.
2. NLP is the ability of computers to understand and interpret Human language and test.
3. Data bias arises when the information used to train an AI system is faulty or contains in-built biases.
4. Data Science refers to a domain of AI that includes the collection, processing, analysis, and interpretation of
large datasets to extract meaningful information.
5. People with Mathematical-logical intelligence have a remarkable ability to develop equations and proofs,
make calculations, and solve abstract problems.
6. Visual-Spatial intelligence allows individuals to think in pictures and visualise the world in 3D
7. NLP is a domain of AI that focuses on teaching computers to understand and process human languages.
8. Examples of two pocket assistants are Siri and Google Assistant
9. Google Maps and Uber are AI based applications that help us in navigation.
10. Machine Learning is the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience.

C. Write T for True and F for False. (P 139)

1. Machine learning is a sub-category of AI, and AI is a subset of deep learning. (F)
2. In deep learning, the machine is trained with huge amount of data. (T)
3. We cannot make ‘good’ decisions without information. (T)
4. Data science refers to a field that involves the understanding and interpretation of human language. (F)
5. Young children using AI-powered tools for tasks like writing essays can prevent themselves from developing
critical thinking abilities. (T)
6. The fear of job displacement by AI is mainly associated with labour-oriented, repetitive physical jobs and
administrative work. (T)
7. AI is accessible to everyone without any restrictions, regardless of their location, financial status, or knowledge.
(F)
8. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is related to the capacity to analyse complex mathematical problems and
equations. (F)

Subjective Type Questions. (P 139)

A. Short answer type questions.

1. How do machines become artificially intelligent?
A. Machines become artificially intelligent through training with sufficient information to help them achieve
tasks, learning and improving over time with more data, and constantly updating their knowledge.

2. What does naturalist intelligence involve?

A. Naturalist intelligence involves having knowledge about plants, animals and the environment, identifying and
classifying different species, and having a deep connection with nature.
3. What is sampling bias?
A. Sampling bias occurs when the data used to train an AI system is not a fair representation of the real-world
population, leading to undesirable or incorrect results.

4. Why is AI access important?

A. AI access is important to ensure equal opportunities for using and benefiting from AI technologies, bridging
the digital gap, and enhancing productivity and connectivity.

5. What are your concerns about AI job displacement?

A. The increasing automation of jobs by AI raises concerns about the potential displacement of human workers,
especially in labour-oriented, repetitive, and administrative roles.
6. Explain any one example of AI bias.
A. Gender bias is an example of AI bias. This bias can occur due to various reasons, including biased training
data, flawed algorithms, or the influence of societal biases present in the data used to train the AI system. For
example, a company once discovered that the algorithm they used for hiring employees was biased against
women. The algorithm was based on the number of resumes submitted over the past ten years, and since most of
the applicants were men, it favoured men over women.
7. How do you understand whether a machine or application is AI-based or not? Explain with the help of
an example.
A. Any machine that has been trained with data and can make decisions or predictions on its own can be termed
as AI. For example, a bot or automation machine that is not trained with any data is not AI, while a chatbot that
understands and processes human language is AI.
8. If you do an image search for vacations on a popular search engine, the first few searches mostly return
pictures of beaches. What is the concern here? Explain.
A. In the given scenario, we are concerned about the bias. When we talk about a machine, we know that it is
artificial and cannot think on its own. It can have intelligence, but we cannot expect a machine to have any biases
of its own. Any bias can transfer from the developed to the machine while the algorithm is being developed.
B. Long type questions (P 140)
1. Define the following intelligence : a. Interpersonal Intelligence b. Musical Intelligence
A. a. Interpersonal Intelligence : It refers to the ability to understand and connect well with other people.
Individuals, with this intelligence are empathetic, can sense emotions, communicate effectively, and build strong
relationships.
b. Musical Intelligence : It involves a strong connection with music. People with this ability can create music,
play instruments, and have a good understanding of sound patterns, rhythm, melody, and harmony.
2. Describe the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) and Deep
Learning (DL).
A. AI is a broad term that includes both machine learning and deep learning. Machine learning is a sub-category
of AI, and deep learning is a sub-set of machine learning as it includes multiple machine learning modules. Deep
learning is the most advanced form of AI among these three. AI includes all the concepts and algorithms that
mimic huma intelligence. All ML and DL algorithms are AI algorithms, but not all AI-based algorithms are ML
or DL. But all DL algorithms are ML algorithms.
3. Describe the services provided by AI-enabled digital voice assistants.
A. AI-enabled digital voice assistants, such as Siri and Alexa, offer a range of services. They can understand and
respond to natural language commands and perform tasks, like setting reminders, providing weather updates,
playing music, answering questions, and controlling smart home devices. These assistants use NLP to interpret
user input and generate appropriate responses.
4. Discuss AI ethics and their importance.
A. AI ethics refers to a set of moral principles and techniques that form the guidelines for the development and
deployment of AI to ensure ethical and responsible use of the technology. As humans, we have an inbuilt moral
compass that tells us right from wrong. Unfortunately, artificial intelligence lacks this ability. AI can only
separate right from wrong based on the data that the developer has fed with the labels ’right’ and ‘wrong’. If the
developer has not considered the outcome of each AI algorithm, it could lead to undesirable or harmful results.
5. Samarth attended a seminar on AI and has now been asked to write a report on his learnings from the
seminar. Being a non-technical person, he understood that the AI-enabled machine uses data in different
formats in many of the daily-based applications but failed to sync it with the right terminologies and
express the details. Help Samarth define Artificial Intelligence by listing the three domains of AI and the
data used in each.
A. Data Science: The domain involves collecting, processing, and interpreting large datasets. An application is
using data analysis to create price comparison websites, helping users find the best deals.
Computer Visions: Computer vision enables machines to interpret visual information from images and videos.
An application of computer vision is its use in self-driving cars to detect and analyse objects on the road.
Natural Language Processing (NLP): NLP focuses on understanding and processing human language. Virtual
assistants, like Siri is an application of NLP, which is used to interpret voice commands and provide responses.
6. Read the following paragraph carefully and categorise the highlighted terms under Data Science,
Machine Learning, Computer Vision, and NLP.
“The last technological advancements have made our lives convenient. Google Home, Alexa, and Siri have been
a huge help to non-tech-savvy people. Features like facial recognition and FaceLock have added additional
security to our gadgets. These advancements have also contributed to making our needs more approachable and
convenient. Now you can even check the prices with price comparison websites and order groceries online with
chatbots. Did you know that you can even find out how you are going to look when you grow old? 1.b2.a3.a4.c5.c
and Snapchat filters have made this possible. “
Ans: Computer Vision : Facial Recognition, FaceLock, and FaceApps
Data Science : Price comparison websites
NLP : Alexa, Siri, and Chatbots
Machine Learning : Snapchat filters.
7. Ashwat is amazed to learn about his sister, Ananya, who is multi-talented and has excelled in academics,
music, dancing, sports, and painting. He was quite curious when Ananya told him that he too possessed
all these intelligences like every human being does, but only at different levels. He wondered which
intelligence she was talking about. Can you help Ashwat learn about different types of intelligence by
naming and explaining any four types of intelligence?
Ans: Different types of Intelligence are:
Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence (Word Smart): People who posses this intelligence are skilled with words. They
enjoy reading, express themselves well in writing, and are able to easily recognise and understand the meaning
and sounds of words.
Mathematical-logical intelligence (number or logic smart): People with this intelligence have a remarkable
ability to develop equations and proofs, and calculations, and solve abstract problems.
Musical intelligence (music smart): People with this ability show a strong connection to music. They can create
music, play instruments, and have a good understanding of sound patterns, rhythm, melody, and harmony.
Existential intelligence (Existence Smart) : People with this intelligence explore questions and thoughts on the
meaning of life, how we got here, why we are here, what happens after death, etc.
8. Write any four applications of NLP.
A. The four applications of NLP are:
Email filters or spam filters: Gmail and other mailing platforms use email filters or spam filters to separate
unwanted or malicious messages, known as spam, from genuine emails.
Virtual assistants and chatbots: We can use natural language to give instructions to the virtual phone assistants,
also called pocket assistants, like Siri, or Google Assistant. Chatbots use NLP to understand and respond to
human language input in a natural way.
Sentiment analysis: NLP is used to analyse and determine the sentiment or emotional tone of text data, such as
social media posts, customer reviews and news articles. This helps businesses gauge public opinion and customer
satisfaction.
Language translation : NLP powers machine translation systems like Google Translate. It enables the automatic
translation of text from one language to another, making cross lingual communication more accessible and
efficient.