Education Engineering Department (EED) – 2020

Post: Assistant Engineer (Civil)

01. Draw Shear force and bending moment diagram for the following beam.

Solution:

02. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the T beam in the figure. (𝐄𝐄𝐃 − 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟗)

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:

Effective flange width, 𝑏𝑒 = 18 in

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 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 8.2 x 40
𝑎= = = 7.14 in
0.85 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑒 0.85 x 3 x 18
𝑎 > ℎ𝑓 , so T − beam analysis is required.
0.85 𝑓𝑐′ ( 𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 ) ℎ𝑓 0.85 x 3 (18 − 10) 6
𝐴𝑠𝑓 = = = 3.06 in2
𝑓𝑦 40
(𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 ) 𝑓𝑦 (8.2 − 3.06) 40
𝑎= = = 8.06 in
0.85 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 0.85 x 3 x 10
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2
ℎ𝑓 𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠𝑓 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) + (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 ) 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )
2 2
6 8.06
𝑀𝑛 = 3.06 x 40 x (20.5 − ) + (8.2 − 3.06) x 40 x (20.5 − ) = 5065.63 k − in
2 2
𝛽1 = 0.85 for 3000 psi concrete
𝑎 8.06
𝑐= = = 9.48 in
𝛽1 0.85
𝑑𝑡 − 𝑐 22.5 − 9.48
𝜀𝑡 = (0.003) = (0.003) = 0.00412 < 0.005
𝑐 9.48
0.005 > 𝜀𝑡 > 0.004, So transition controlled section.
250 250
𝜑 = 0.65 + (𝜀𝑡 − 0.002) = 0.65 + (0.0041 − 0.002) = 0.825
3 3
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑 𝑀𝑛 = 0.825 x 5065.63 = 41793.14 k − in

03. A 20 inch square tied column 8 #9 bar carries load of 380 kip, Design a square footing
by working stress method by following information, Allowable soil pressure 7000 lb./ft 2,
𝒇′𝒄 = 3000 psi, 𝒇𝒔 = 20000 psi

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:

Assume, footing depth, 𝑑 = 19 in and total depth, ℎ = 19 + 3 = 22 in

Assume, the unit weight of soil = 110 pcf & the depth of foundation from GL = 6 ft
Effective soil pressure, 𝑞𝑒 = 7000 − 1.58 x 150 − 4.42 x 110 = 6276.8 psf = 6.276 ksf
Load 380
Footing area required, 𝐴 = = = 60.54 ft 2
Effective soil pressure 6.276
Cosider 8′ x 8′ footing size, A = 64 ft 2 > 60.54 ft 2
Load 380
Net upward pressure, 𝑞𝑢 = = = 5.9375 ksf.
Footing area 8 x 8

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Punching shear check
Punching perimeter, 𝑏0 = 2 (𝐶1 + 𝑑) + 2 (𝐶2 + 𝑑) = 2 (20 + 19) + 2 (20 + 19) = 156 in
Shear developed, 𝑉 = 𝑃 − 𝑞𝑢 [(𝐶1 + 𝑑)(𝐶2 + 𝑑)]
(20 + 19)(20 + 19)
𝑉 = 380 − 5.9375 [ ] = 317.285 kip
12 x 12
𝑉 317.285 x 1000
Developed shear stress, 𝑣 = = = 107.09 psi
𝑏0 𝑑 156 x 19
Allowable shear stress, 𝑣𝑎 = 2 √𝑓𝑐′ = 2 √3000 = 109.54 psi
Here, 𝑣𝑎 > 𝑣 → ok
Beam shear check
8 20
Length of footing outer face to column face, 𝑐 = − = 3.17 ft
2 2 x 12
Shear force at the critical section, 𝑉 = 𝑞𝑢 𝐵 (𝑐 − 𝑑)
𝑉 = 5.9375 x 8 (3.17 − 1.58) = 84.96 kip
𝑉 84.96 x 1000
Developed shear stress, 𝑣 = = = 46.57 psi
𝑏𝑑 8 x 12 x 19
Allowable shear stress, 𝑣𝑎 = 1.1 √𝑓𝑐′ = 1.1 √3000 = 60.24 psi
Here, 𝑣𝑎 > 𝑣 → ok
𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝑞𝑢 𝐵 𝑐 2 5.9375 x 8 x 3.172
Moment, 𝑀 = = = 238.71 k − ft
2 2
𝑓𝑐 = 0.45 𝑓𝑐 ′ = 0.45 x 3000 = 1350 psi
𝑓𝑠 20000
𝑟= = = 14.81
𝑓𝑐 1350
𝑛 9
𝑘= = = 0.37
𝑛 + 𝑟 9 + 14.81
𝑘 0.37
𝑗 = 1− = 1− = 0.87
3 3
𝑀 238.71 x 1000 x 12
Reinforcement required, 𝐴𝑠 = = = 8.66 in2
𝑓𝑠 𝑗 𝑑 20000 x 0.87 x 19
0.59 x 8 x 12
Using 22 mm dia (0.59 in2 ) bar, Spacing = = 6.54 in
8.66
Provide 22 mm diameter bar @ 6.5" c⁄c in both direction.

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04. Figure 3 & 4 represents two highway cross section (pre work) 100 ft a part. Compute
the volume of earth work to be required for the design of the section (fig 3, 4, 5)

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:

Area is calculated according to the equation, 𝐴 = (𝑏 + 𝑠 ℎ) ℎ

𝐴3 = (30 + 2 x 10) x 10 = 500 ft 2

(40 + 25) x 9 1
𝐴4 = + x 25 x 3 = 330 ft 2
2 2
𝐴5 = (40 + 2 x 14) x 14 = 952 ft 2

𝐴3 + 𝐴4 500 + 330
Pre − work volume, 𝑉 = x𝐿 = x 100 = 41500 ft 3
2 2
Post work volume, 𝑉 = 952 x 100 = 95200 ft 3

Volume of eart work = 95200 − 41500 = 53700 ft 3

05. A gravity well of 12 inch diameter is discharging 150 gal/min with drawdown of 10 ft. It
discharges 500 gal/min with a drawdown of 50 ft. State depth of the water in the well as
150 ft. What will be the discharge from the well with drawdown of 20 ft?

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:

Case 1: 𝑄1 = 150 gal⁄min , 𝐻 = 150′ , 𝑑𝑤 = 10′ , ℎ𝑤 = 150′ − 10′ = 140′

𝜋 𝐾 (𝐻 2 − ℎ𝑤
2)
𝑄1 =
𝐶𝑄
ln 𝑟 1
𝑤

𝜋 𝐾 (1502 − 1402 )
150 =
𝐶 x 150
ln
0.5
Case 2: 𝑄2 = 500 gal⁄min , 𝐻 = 150′ , 𝑑𝑤 = 50′ , ℎ𝑤 = 150′ − 50′ = 100′

𝜋 𝐾 (𝐻 2 − ℎ𝑤
2)
𝑄2 =
𝐶𝑄
ln 𝑟 2
𝑤

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 𝜋 𝐾 (1502 − 1002 )
500 =
𝐶 x 500
ln
0.5
Solving for 𝐶 and 𝐾, 𝐶 = 0.21 and 𝐾 = 0.093

For case 3: 𝐻 = 150′ , 𝑑𝑤 = 20′ , ℎ𝑤 = 150′ − 20′ = 130′

𝜋 𝐾 (𝐻 2 − ℎ𝑤
2)
𝑄3 =
𝐶𝑄
ln 𝑟 2
𝑤

𝜋 x 0.093 (1502 − 1302 )

𝑄3 =
0.21 x 𝑄3
ln
0.5
By trial and error, 𝑄3 = 257 gal⁄min

𝟔. (𝒂) Find the quantity of stone chips and cement for the casting of a RCC slab of size 12 ft
x 8 ft and thickness 5 inch, the ration of casting is 1:1.5:3

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:

Wet volume = 12 x 8 x 5⁄12 = 40 cft

Dry volume = 1.54 x 40 = 61.6 cft

Sum of the mix ratio = 1: 1.5: 3 = 1 + 1.5 + 3 = 5.5
1
Cement required = x 61.6 = 11.2 cft
5.5
1.5
Stone chips required = x 61.6 = 16.8 cft
5.5

𝟔. (𝒃) Two sample of sand of FM 2.24 and 2.54 are mixed in the proportion of 1:2. Find out
the combined FM.

Solution:

Given, 𝐹1 = 2.24, 𝐹2 = 2.54, 𝑀1 = 1, 𝑀2 = 2

𝐹1 𝑀1 + 𝐹2 𝑀2 2.24 x 1 + 2.54 x 2
Now, 𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑚 = = = 2.44
𝑀1 + 𝑀2 1+2
𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑚 = 2.44

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𝟕. (𝒂) As per PWD, what is the standard size of Brick in Bangladesh, Write the name of the
test for testing brick in Field.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:

PWD approved bricks size without mortar is 9.5" x 4.5" x 2.75” or 25 cm x 11.5 cm x 7 cm

Test for testing brick in Field:

 Water Absorption
 Visual inspection
 Efflorescence
 Dimension
 Hardness
 Soundness
 Structure
 Color

𝟕. (𝒃) What is meant by 60 grade of Reinforcement? What are the normal test performed for
reinforcement for construction works?

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:

Grade 60 rebar offers a minimum yield strength of 60,000 pounds per square inch, or 420 Mpa on
the metric grading scale.

Different tests for Rebar:

1. Tensile test
2. Bending test
3. Compression test
4. Fatigue test
𝟖. (𝒂) Write down the causes why building collapse?

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:

Artificial reasons:

1. Inadequate foundation design

2. Errors in structural design.
3. Quality building materials aren't used.
4. Inexperienced & unskilled labor
5. The load is heavier than calculated
6. Use buildings for multipurpose (Ex: Using residential building as commercial building)
7. Use after the expiry of life of buildings.
8. Maintenance not done properly.

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Natural reasons:

1. Earthquake
2. Landslides or settlement of Sub-base soil due to over drainage.
3. Tsunami
4. Typhoon and winds with high speed.

𝟖. (𝒃) Write down some reasons why road accident occurs?

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Reasons for the traffic accidents:

1. Improper design of Road : Banking of Road, Curve setting etc

2. Road defects: Speed Breakers ,Potholes
3. Lack of necessary road signs
4. Negligent Parking
5. Inexperienced drivers
6. Poor maintenance of vehicles, unfit vehicles
7. Reckless Driving, Over Speeding

𝟗. (𝒂) Describe the precautions to be taken during construction for the workers and
pedestrians for a construction site.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:

Safety training: All workers must complete safety training, to point out any high risk areas and
provide instructions for emergency management.

Minimize and manage risk: Conducting regular safety audits and having procedures in place to
report, assess and address potential risks.

Site security: Security in and outside of work hours is important to protect potential construction
hazards. This includes supervision or authorized site visitors.

Safe work method assessment: A safe work method statement (SWMS) must be prepared for all
high risk construction projects, before work commences. The SWMS should outline the scope of
work involved, any potential safety issues, and how risks will be prevented and managed.

Use clear signage: Should use clear signage throughout the construction site, for both workers
and pedestrians. Including a 24 hour emergency contact number and a map or directions to the
site office.

Chemical storage: Chemicals need to be stored very carefully to minimize fires, explosions,
chemical injury and pollution on worksites.

Environmental conditions: Extreme weather conditions can cause serious safety hazards. That’s
why environmental safety should follow

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Provide personal protective (PPS) equipment: In many situations an employer is obligated to
provide PPS such as high vis vests, safety goggles and safety harnesses to construction site
workers.

Dropped objects: It is your responsibility to secure objects onsite and minimize the risk of them
falling. This type of risks can be avoided by putting preventative safety measures in place.

𝟗. (𝒃) What is meant by PPE? Name the PPEs for supervision Engineer

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:

PPE: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other safety
equipment at a construction site.

PPEs for supervision Engineer: Depending on the circumstances and potential hazards present,
additional PPE may be required. This determination will be made by your supervisor based on the
preliminary Job Hazard Analysis; EHS may also be consulted. PPE may include:

1. Protective gloves
2. Hearing protection
3. Full face shields when cutting, grinding, or chipping
4. Chemical splash goggles
5. Respiratory protection
6. Fall protection equipment when working above 6 feet
7. Specific protective clothing such as welding leathers when welding

𝟏𝟎. (𝒂) Define surveying and mention different type of surveying for a bridge work?

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:

Surveying: Surveying is the branch of civil engineering which deals with measurement of relative
positions of an object on earth's surface by measuring the horizontal distances, elevations,
directions, and angles.

Different type of surveying for a bridge work:

Bridge surveying is necessary to locate a site, obtain information for design, and furnish lines and
grades for construction.

1. Reconnaissance: Tentative bridge sites are selected by reconnaissance and the more promising
are determined in detail. Selection of a bridge site is governed by both tactical and technical
considerations.

2. Bridge Length: The surveyor determines the length of the bridge crossing to estimate the
materials required for construction. Depending on the distance and equipment available, the
surveyor measures this distance with a tape, an electronic measuring device.
3. Banks: The surveyor reports on the character and shape of the riverbanks. This includes the
amount and type of vegetation; the slope, height, and composition of the banks; and pertinent
dimensions of any natural dikes.

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4. Character of the Flow: The surveyor determines stream velocity by timing a floating object over
a measured course. Surveyor observes the character of the river bottom for each site and reports
information on the design of intermediate supports.

5. Profile: The surveyor profiles the streambed or gap to facilitate the design of intermediate
supports. Profile interval is measured by a tape or cable stretched horizontally across the stream
or gap or by the electronic instrument.

6. The surveyor estimates and records quantities of local materials such as standing timber, sand
and gravel beds, and available cement, water, and lumber.

𝟏𝟎. (𝒃) Name some non-destructive tests for checking quality and quantity of
infrastructure.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:

Non-destructive tests performed to determine the mechanical characteristics of materials & build
a diagnostic picture of the structures in reference to their safety , expire of structure and relevant.

1. Visual inspection
2. Ultrasonic pulse velocity
3. Acoustic emission
4. Electromagnetic cover measurement
5. Rebound hammer test
6. Corrosion test
7. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
8. Load and monitoring tests core extraction for compressive strength test
9. Structural monitoring of crack patterns
10. Thermography.

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