Designing a footing for a column involves several steps and considerations.

Below is a detailed design calculation for a footing for a 450 mm x 350 mm column supporting a G+1 building, following
the IS 456:2000 and related standards.

Design Parameters
1. Column Details:
Column size: 450 mm x 350 mm
Axial load: Assume a load of P = 500 kN (to be updated based on structural analysis).
2. Soil Properties:
2
Safe bearing capacity (SBC) of soil: SBC = 150 kN/m (to be updated based on soil investigation report).
3. Footing Material Properties:
Concrete grade: M25 (fck ​ = 25 MPa)
Steel grade: Fe500 (fy ​ = 500 MPa)
3
Unit weight of soil: γ = 18 kN/m
4. Cover and Other Assumptions:
Clear cover to reinforcement: 50 mm
Depth of footing assumed initially: 450 mm (to be checked for punching shear and bending).

1. Sizing the Footing

To calculate the required footing size:

P
Area of footing, A =
SBC
​

500
A= = 3.33 m2
150
​

Assume the footing is square for simplicity:

Side of footing, B = A = ​ 3.33 = 1.82 m

​

Provide a square footing of 1.85 m x 1.85 m for simplicity.

2. Depth of Footing (One-Way Shear)

Check for one-way shear:
Factored load: Pu ​ = 1.5 × P = 1.5 × 500 = 750 kN
Pu 750 2
Soil pressure: qu = = = 219.2 kN/m
​

B2 1.852
​ ​ ​

Critical section for one-way shear is at a distance d from the face of the column:

B c
Shear force, Vu = qu × ( − − d) × B
2 2
​ ​ ​ ​

Where:
c = 0.45 m (shorter side of the column)
d is the effective depth (assume initially d = 0.45 − 0.05 = 0.4 m)

1.85 0.45
Vu = 219.2 × ( − − 0.4) × 1.85
2 2
​ ​ ​

Vu = 219.2 × (0.925 − 0.225 − 0.4) × 1.85 = 219.2 × 0.3 × 1.85 = 121.54 kN

​

Nominal shear stress:

Vu 121.54
τv = = = 0.164 MPa
​

b×d 1.85 × 0.4

​ ​ ​

Check against the shear capacity of M25 concrete as per Table 19, IS 456:2000. For τc ​ = 0.25 MPa, τv < τc , so depth is adequate.
​ ​

3. Punching Shear Check

Critical section for punching shear is at d/2 around the column perimeter:

Perimeter of critical section, u = 2 × (0.45 + 0.35 + 2 × 0.4) = 2.4 m

c 2
Punching shear force, Vu = qu × (B 2 − ( + d) )
2
​ ​ ​

Substitute values:

2
Vu = 219.2 × (1.852 − (0.45/2 + 0.4) )
​

Vu = 219.2 × (3.4225 − 0.7225) = 219.2 × 2.7 = 592.0 kN

​

Nominal punching shear stress:

Vu 592
τv = = = 0.616 MPa
​

u×d 2.4 × 0.4

​ ​ ​
Allowable shear stress for punching (IS 456, Table 19):

τc = 0.25 × k = 0.25 × 1.5 = 0.375 MPa

​

Since τv ​ > τc , increase footing depth to 550 mm.

​

4. Reinforcement Design
Design for bending moment:

qu × B 2
Ultimate moment, Mu =
​

8
​ ​

2
219.2 × 1.85
Mu = = 92.6 kN-m
8
​ ​

Effective depth d can be verified as:

Mu
d=
​

0.138 × fck × b
​ ​

92.6 × 106
d= = 281 mm
0.138 × 25 × 1850
​ ​

Provide d = 450 mm, so OK.

Reinforcement:

Mu
Ast =
​

0.87 × fy × z
​ ​

Assume z = 0.9d = 0.9 × 450 = 405 mm:

92.6 × 106
Ast = = 529.1 mm2
0.87 × 500 × 405
​ ​

Use ϕ12 mm bars @ 150 mm c/c, providing Ast,provided = 565 mm2 , which is OK.
​

Final Design
Footing size: 1.85 m × 1.85 m
Depth: 550 mm (including cover)
Reinforcement: ϕ12 mm bars @ 150 mm c/c (both directions)
Provide proper anchorage and maintain clear cover 50 mm.

Let me know if you need additional details or clarification!