Std 12 HSC Board Examination Psychology Paper Pattern (80 Marks)

Marks: 80 Duration: 3 hours

Instructions:
(1) All questions are compulsory
(2) Figures to the right indicate maximum/full marks.
(3) Attempt a new question on a new page.
Q.1 (A) Complete the following statements by selecting the appropriate words
given in the brackets: (5)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Q. 1(B) Match the pairs: (5)
A B
a) 1)
b) 2)
c) 3)
d) 4)
e) 5)
6)

Q. 1(C) Write whether the following statements are true or false: (5)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)
Q. 1(D) Answer the following questions in one sentence: (5)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

Q. No. 2 Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words: (Any 5) (10)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

Q. No. 3 Write short notes on the following topics in 50 to 60 words: (Any 4) (12)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)
Q. No. 4 Write answers to the questions based on the following examples: (Any 4)
(8)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

Q. No. 5 Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words. (Any 5) (10)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

Q. No. 6 Answer Any 2 of the following questions in 80 to 100 words each with
the help of the given points: (10)

(1) Question

Points (i)…….. (ii)…….. (iii)…….. (iv)……..

(2) Question

Points (i)…….. (ii)…….. (iii)…….. (iv)……..

(3) Question

Points (i)…….. (ii)…….. (iii)…….. (iv)……..

Q. No.7 Answer Any 1 of the following questions in 150 to 200 words. (10)

(1)

(2)

Please Note:

Question 6 of five marks each will be asked only from the following chapters:

Chapter 4: Cognitive Processes

Chapter 5: Emotions

Chapter 6: Psychological Disorders

Question 7 of ten marks each will be asked only from the following chapters:

Chapter 2: Intelligence

Chapter 3: Personality

Final Internal written examination paper pattern (20 Marks)

Answer the following questions: (20)

(20 application based questions of 1 mark each)

Note : (1) Use worksheet.

(2) No separate answer sheet will be provided by the board.

 DAY-05 SEAT NUMBER

2021 IN23 1500 (E)

J-554

PSYCHOLOGY (48)

Time:3Hrs. (4 Pages) Max. Marks 80

Note: () All questions are

compulsory
(2) Figwes to the right indicate full marks
Answer to every question must be written on a new page.

Q. 1. (A) Complete and rewrite the following statements by selecting

the appropriate words given below: (5) [201
(1) Psychology is a SCience.
(a) natural (b) social
(c) biological
(2) The concepts of Fluid intelligence and Crystallized
intelligence are given by_
(a) Cattell (b) Thormdike
(c) Spearman
(3) The ink blot test was developed by
(a) Murray (b) Rorschach
(c) Morgan
(4) Bringing a particular stimulus into the center of
awareness is called
(a) attention (6) perception
(c) thinking
(5) In our culture, the of an individual is considered
to be the reflection
of one's family.
(a) intelligence (b) behaviour
(c) status

Page 1 P. T. O.
 (B) Match the words from group A' and 'B'
appropriately: (5)
Group 'A Group 'B
(a) Behaviourism (1) Stern
(b) Theory of multiple (2) Hurdle to receive
intelligence treatment
(c) Phobia (3) Parental divorce
(d) Anxiety (4) John Watson
(e) Black magic (5) flogical fear
(6) Howard Gardner
(C) Write whether the following
statements are True' or 'False': (5)
(1) An experimenter is a
is conducted.
person on whom the experiment
(2) Personality is merely related to the external
(3) The change in the behaviour due appearance.
experience is known as learning.
to
practice or an

(4) Schizophrenia is not a serious

(5) Anxiety disrupts psychological disorder.
individual.
day-to-day functioning of an
(D) Answer the following
questions in only 'one' sentence each:
(1) In which year was the first (5)
established? psychology laboratory
(2) Who is considered as the 'Father
(3) From which Latin word is the of Intelligence
Test'?
(4) Which is the first stage
word personality
derived?
of creative thinking?
(5) Who is called the father
of Positive
Psychology?
Q. 2. Answer the
following questions in 25 to 30 words each
(Any FIVE): 101
(1) Write in brief
about the survey method.
(2) What is meant by mental
age ?
(3) What is meant by
neuroticism ?
(4) Explain the learning by
(5) Explain in your own words conditioning.
operant
the
technique of anger management. importance of relaxation
Page 2
 6) Write physical
symptoms of anxiety that need first aid.
(7) Explain in your methods to proo
own words any two
empathy.
Q.3. Write short notes on the following in 50 to 60 words each 12
(Any FOUR):
(1) Any three characteristicsofa rational individual.
(2) Physiological changes during emotions.
(3) Drug addiction.
(4) Overdependence on the internet.
(5) Types of resilience.
(6) Types of correlation.
the
Q. 4. Write answers following questions based
to the on

examples only in words (Any FOUR): 18

()The scientilic information obtained by Rahul through an
experiment can be reproduced at any time,
anywhere. This
is a description of which key feature of science?
birthday party. his friends
were
(2) When Vivek went to a

alcohol. Though hisfriends insisted, Vivek flatly

drinking Five Factors
refused to drink alcohol. Which factor from Big
can be seen from
Vivek's behaviour?
model ofpersonality
her injection now
an
(3)
(3) Esha. who cries when a doctor gives
a doctor. What kind of process of
also cries Just by secing
learningis this?
achieve emotional
well being, Sunita paints pictures.
(4) To Sunita to achieve
Which type of technique
is used by
emotional well being?
excited and sometimes very
Sometimes Rohan is very
(5) these are the symptoms of
no reason. So
depressed for
which psychological disorder?

lockdown and financial crisis, the

(6) Ali noticed that due to
food. So Ali bought
security guard is unable get enough
to

a month's worth
of groceries and gave it to the security
guard.What is the positive aspect of Ali's behayiour?
P.T.O.
Page 3
 in 25 to 30 words each
Q.5. Explain the following concepts 10
(AnyFIVE):
Positive psychology (2) Artificial intelligence
(1)
Fluctuation of attention (4) Emotional abuse
(3)
(5) Hallucinations (6) Shame about mental ilIness

(7) Life above Zero

in 80 to 100 words 10
Q.6. Answer any TWO of the following
each with the help of the given points:
(1) Explain the laws of perceptual organization-
Points
) Law of proximity (i) Law ofsimilarity
Gii) Law of continuity (iv) Law of closure
who is high on
(2) Explain the benefits enjoyed by a person
emotional well being
Points
(i) Better selfregulation
) Coping with stress
(iv) Increased creativity
ii) Increased productivity
(3) Describe the criteria of psychological disorders
Points
Clinically significant syndrome
(i) Distress and impairment
ii) Dysfunction
(iv) Behaviour which is just deviant or conflicting with
does not become a sign of psychological
society
disorder.
in 150 to 200 [10
Q. 7. Answer any ONE of the following questions
words:

Define intelligence and explain the

various types of
(1)
intelligence tests.

Define personality and explain any four factors shaping

(2)
personality

Page 4
 DAY-17 SEAT NUMBER

2022 1I |24 1500

J-858 E)

PSYCHOLOGY (48)

Time: 3 Hrs. (4 Pages) Max. Marks 80

Note: (I) All questions are compulsory

(2) Figures to the right indicatefull marks
(3) Answer to every question must be written on a new page.

Q.1. (A) Complete andrewrite the following statements by selecting

the appropriate words given below (5) [20
(1) method has assigned the status of science to
psychology.
(a) Experimental (b) Survey
(c) Case study
(2) is an individual testofintelligence.
(a) Army Alpha Test (b) Army Beta Test
(c) Block Building Test
(3) Thematic Apperception Test was developed by.
(a) Rorschach (b) Guildford
(c) Morgan and Murray

(4) is known as the Father of classical conditioning

theory of learning.
(a) Binet (b) Ivan Pavlov
(c) Skinner
(5) When you allow another person to exploit you, you
are a victim of abuse.
(a) Physical (b) Emotional
(c) Social

Page 1 P. T. O.
 (B) Match the words from group 'A'and 'B' appropriately: (5)
Group 'A' Group B
(a) Emergence of (1) Model of emotions
Functionalism
(b) Behavioural analysis (2) William James
(c) Plutchik (3) Interview
(d) First aid in mental (4) Overcome hurdles
health
(e) Resilience (5) Wilhelm Wundt
(6) ALGEE action plan
(C) Write whether the following statements are True' or 'False': (5)
(1) Psychology is a study of mental processes.
(2) Bringing objects, persons situations from the field
or

of awareness into the center of awareness is called

attention.

(3) One should feel guilty for standing up for oneself.

(4) One of the major obstacles to getting help from a mental
ealth professional is the stigma attached to mental
illness.
is
(5) The capacity to understand what the other person
experiencing is sympathy.
in 'one' sentence each:(5)
(D) Answer the following questions only
(1) What is meant by an experimenter?
gland?
(2) Which hormone is secreted by thyroid
(3) Who is known for explaining learning by
operant

conditioning?
is the term anxiety derived?
(4) From which Latin word
(5) Who is called the Father of Positive Psychology'?

Q. 2. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words each [10

(AnyFIVE): state of mindlessness.
(1) Describe in your own words the
tests of intelligence?
(2) What are the disadvantages of group

Page 2
 (3) write in your own words how the mass media affects

personality.
4) Explain the law of proximity in
perception.
(5) Explain the facial fecdback
hypothesis.
(6) Explain in your own words the importance of "encouraging
to get
professional help".
(7) Explain in your own words any two methods to promote
empathy.
Q. 3. Write short notes on the following topics in 50 to 60 words [12]
each (Any FOUR):
(1) Types of correlation (2) Bipolar disorder

(3) Overdependence on the (4) Experimental method

internet
(5) Post Traumatic Stress (6) Factors contributing
Disorder to anxiety
Q. 4. Write answers to the following questions based on the
examples only in words (Any FOUR): 18]
(1) An automated robot was used to dispense medicines at the
Covid Care Center. The function of this automated robot is
based on which kind of intelligence?
(2) When Vivek went to a birthday party, his friends were
drinking alcohol. Though his friends insisted, Vivek flatly
refused to drink alcohol. Which factor from Big Five Factor
model of personality can be seen from Vivek's behaviour?
(3) The sound offirecrackers disrupted Sheetal's concentration
in studies. Later she could not concentrate on studies. This
is a description of which aspect of attention?

(4) To maintain emotional well being, Sunita does embroidery.

Which type of technique is used by Sunita to maintain
emotional well being?
(5) Aruna has got into the habit of buying things online. No
matter how many items she buys, she is not satisfied. What
kind of addiction does Aruna have?

Page 3 P. T. O.
 (6) Vasanta's daughter died by cancer. He has opened a
rehabilitation center for cancer patients. What is the positive
aspect of Vasanta's behaviour?

Q.5. Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words each

(Any FIVE): [10
(1) Survey method (2) Verbal tests of intelligence
(3) Span of attention (4) Emotion
(5) Phobia (6) Psychological resilience
(7) Tolerance - A characteristic of a rational person

Q.6. Answer any Two of the following questions in 80 to 100 10

words each with the help of the given points:
(1) Explain the stages of creative thinking-
Points
) Preparation i) Incubation
ii) Ilumination (iv) Verification

(2) Explain the Respond approach of anger management-

Points
) Consulting a family member
i) Engage talks with the other party
(ii) Active listening (1v) Speaking assertively
(3) Explain the positive symptoms of schizophrenis -

Points:
) Hallucinations (i) Delusions
ii) Disorganized speech (iv) Incongruent affect
Q. 7. Answer any ONE of the following questions in 150 to 200 10]
words:
(1) Explain the applications of intelligence testing in various
areas.

(2) What is meant by personality? Write information about the

various tests based on the projective methodof measurement
of personality.

O5 3 Page 4
A consolidated syllabus preparation for Psychology theory paper of 80 marks.
This is just a guideline to help you prepare for the prescribed syllabus.For
good results you must put in added effort to research and write better content
and add more value to your answers.

Following topics should be studied well from the text book.

Chapter 1

1. What are the key features of science.Explain

Ans: Pg 2
● Empirical evidence- Acquiring information through direct
observation or experimentation
● Objectivity-Ability to see and accept the facts as they are and not
as the investigator might wish them to be.
● Systematic exploration-Systematic steps( Identification of the
problem,hypothesis,collection and analysis of facts etc)
● Replication-Reproducibility
● Predictability-Attempt to explain and make predictions.

2. History of Psychology as a Science. Pg 3

● Psychology began as a branch of philosophy until 1870
● Psychology emerges as a separate discipline in 1879-Wilhelm
Wundt established the world’s first lab in 1879 in Germany.
● Emergence of Structuralism- method of introspection was used to
study conscious experiences
● Emergence of Functionalism-William James known as the Father
of American Psychology emphasised on the study of human
consciousness.
● Emergence of Psychoanalysis- Sigmund Frued studied the
unconscious mind.
● Emergence of Behaviourism- John B watson focused on
psychology as study of observed behaviour.
 ● Emergence of Humanistic Psychology-Carl Rogers emphasised
on free will,self determination and self actualisation

● Emergence of Cognitivism - Ulric Neisser Studied higher mental

processes like memory,decision making problem solving etc.

3. Explain the various Research methods in Psychology

1. Experimental Psychology- Pg 4 Experimenter conducts

experiments using following steps.
● Identifying problem
● Developing Hypothesis
● Selecting an experimental design
● Collecting data
● Analysing data
● Drawing conclusions

Features of Experimental method- Objective method,Accurate observations in

controlled settings,Finds out cause -effect relationship,findings are verifiable.

2. Survey method- To collect data from pre-defined group.It uses

questionnaires,checklists,rating scales etc.Eg Telephonic
interview,direct interaction with consumers. Pg 5

3. Observation method-Behaviour is observed in a natural

( Naturalistic observation) or lab setting ( Controlled observation)
4. Case study method- qualitative research method. Sigmund and
Jean Piaget used this method.Follows an indepth look at
individual or group.It is considered scientific because it suggests
hypothesis for further studies.Case of Anna O pg 6 played an
important role in psychoanalysis field.

4.What are the types of correlation? Pg 7

Ans. A statistical tool to measure the relationship between two or
more variables.The correlation coefficient ranges between -1.00
to + 1.00
 ● Positive Correlation- Both variables increase or decrease at
the same time ranges from 0 to +1
● Negative correlation- An increase in one variable is
associated with a decrease in another and vice versa
ranges from 0 to -1.00.
● Zero Correlation- Any change in one variable brings no
significant change in other variables coefficient found to be
zero.

5. Dr Albert Ellis proposed Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy

gave the following characteristics for rational people. Pg 9

● Understanding self interest and others interest

without violating others rights.
● Self direction
● Tolerance
● Flexiblility
● Self acceptance and self responsibility
______________________________________________________________

Chapter 2

1. Define Intelligence - Pg 13 According to David Wechler- Intelligence is

the aggregate or global capacity of an individual to act purposefully, to
think rationally, and deal effectively with his environment.

2. Explain the two perspectives of Intelligence Pg 13

● Intelligence as a single general ability-functions of intelligence
takes different forms but its the same ability.
● Intelligence as a set of multiple abilities- Multiple abilities are
involved in intelligence as given by the following theories
E.L Thorndike - Three independent abilities which are
● Abstract Intelligence
● Social Intelligence
● Concrete Intelligence
Louis Thurstone : Seven primary abilities
● Verbal comprehension
● Word fluency
● Number facility
● Spatial visualisation
 ● Associative memory
● Perceptual speed
● Reasoning

Charles Spearman :
● General Factor-Minimum competence
required to do daily work.
● Specific Factor- Abilities to solve problems
in specific areas
Raymond Catell John Horn
● Fluid Intelligence- dependant on
neurological development
● Crystallised Intelligence - depends on
education level,experiences and knowledge
gained.
Howard Gardner: Nine independent intelligences develop
differently in different people depending on heredity and
environmental factors.
● Linguistic intelligence
● Logical mathematical intelligence
● Spatial intelligence
● Musical intelligence
● Interpersonal intelligence
● Bodily Kinesthetic intelligence
● Intra personal intelligence
● Naturalistic intelligence
● Existential intelligence

3.Explain the history of measurement of intelligence

Ans : Pg 14 and 15.
● Paul Broca and Francis Galton were the scientists who first
thought of measuring intelligence
● In 18 th century Galton designed a battery of tests to
measure head size,reaction time,visual accuracy,auditory
threshold etc as he though size of the skull would
determine intelligence.
● In 1980 Raymond Catell had established labs and used the
term mental test first time. He shared similar thoughts with
Galton that standardised tests are essential so that persons
can be compared from time to time.
 ● The Binet Simon intelligence scale was created in the
twentieth century
● First scale was published in 1905 hence called the father of
intelligence tests. This scale eas revised in 1908 and 1911
● Lewis Therman revised Binet simon scale in 1916 by
adding some items ,deleting and extending age limit calling
it as stanford binet test which was then revised in
1937,1960,1972.1986,2004.
● During the First world war in 1917 Robert yerks and his
collegues made the Army alpha and Army beta tests ti
recruit soldiers.
● In 1939 duringthe second world war the Army general
classification test was used on a large scale.
● David wechler in 1939 published Wechler- Bellevue
intelligence scale.
● This revised scale was renamed as Wechler adult
intelligence scale(WAIS) and for children WISC

4.Explain the concept of Mental age and Intelligence quotient. Pg 15

Ans : Mental Age:

● Introduced by Alfred Binet
● Defined as the age at which individual performs successfully on
all items on the test prepared for that age.
● Explain the table pg 15

Intelligence quotient
● Introduced by William stern in 1912
● Intelligence quotient = Mental age (MA)
_______________ X100
Chronological age (CA)

Explain the table on pg 15

5. What are the types of Intelligence tests:

I Based on methods of administration
● Individual test of intelligence
● Group test of intelligence
II Based on materials used.
● Verbal test of intelligence
 ● Non verbal test of intelligence

Individual Tests of Intelligence- tests that can be administered ona single

person at a time.
Examples: Binet scale,Wechler scale,Dr.Bhatias performance test,kohs block
design,Arthur point etc .
Advantages:
● Rapport with client
● Can get more information of client’s feelings, moods and expressions.
● Capable of measuring creative thinking.
Disadvantages:
● Time consuming and costly
● Require a trained skillful examiner

Group tests of Intelligence- tests that can be administered to more than one
person at a time.
Example: Army alpha, Army general classification test,Ravens standard
progressive matrices etc
Advantages:
● Less time consuming
● Economical
● Dont require skilled examiner

Disadvantages:
● Less rapport with client
● Less capable of measuring creativity.

Verbal tests- tests that use language or numbers.

Example: Army Alpha,Wechsler test etc

Advantages:
● Can measure higher mental abilities
● Can differentiate between people of varied levels of intelligence.

Disadvantages:
● Cannot be given to people with different linguistic background, illiterates
and small children.
● Culture bound tests.
 Non Verbal tests of intelligence: Tests that use pictures,designs material
objects etc .
Examples: Performance tests,Paper pencil tests,Koh’s block design
test,Alexander’s pass-along test,Merill palmer block building
test,Dr.Bhatias block building test of intelligence.
Advantages:
● Not culture bound,can be given to illiterates and small children.
● To measure differently abled
Disadvantages:
● Less suitable to measure higher and subtle mental abilities
● Cannot differentiate between people of high and average
intelligence.

6. Give the applications of Intelligence testing in the following areas.

➔ Effective schooling- helps teachers to identify weak students,provide
differentiated learning etc.
➔ Mental health aiding- clinicians can diagnose,predict and accordingly
prepare the patient for therapies and rehabilitation.
➔ Effective parenting- Iq test scores can help parents understand their
children and provide the right support needed.
➔ Career Counselling-Choice of career can be based on ones IQ and
related abilities thereby facilitating the individual to progress well in life.
➔ Vocational counselling- Helps to choose the right vocation reducing
demotivation in the long run and improving life satisfaction.

7. Explain the New Trends in Intelligence

❖ Social Intelligence - The ability to get along with others and get them to
cooperate with oneself.
Characteristics of people with high social intelligence:
● Good interaction skills
● Skilled at assessing emotions
● Flexible,goal oriented, persistent,self confident
● Negotiators,resolve conflicts and enhance relationships.

❖ Emotional Intelligence - The ability to perceive and monitor one’s own

and others emotions.
It consists of the following cognitive abilities:
 ● Perceiving emotions
● Using emotions
● Understanding emotions
● Managing emotions
❖ Artificial Intelligence - Enabling machines or softwares to learn and think
through experiences just like human beings.
AI can make decisions only based on stored information. It is used in
● Speech recognition
● Medical diagnosing
● Weather forecasting

Chapter 3

Personality

1. Define Personality- According to Gordon Allport “ Personality is the

dynamic organisation within the individual of those psychophysical
systems that determines his unique adjustments to the environment.”

2. Explain the factors affecting Personality.

● Heredity- Characteristics inherited from parents that can affect
physical and mental makeup of a person. Eh Height , weight etc
● Endocrine glands- Over Secretion of hormones like thyroxine
leads to nervous tension,irritability etc.
● Family-Structure of the family,socio-economic status,emotional
,academic and cultural environment,child rearing practices etc
affect personality
● Peer Group-Peers may influence positively and negatively.Good
peers may lead to motivation and career development whereas
bad peer groups may lead to harmful and destructive habits.
● School- Teaching learning process ,academic activities and
co-curricular facilities at school shape a student. Rapport with
teachers,discipline ,policies etc impact the lives of students.
● Mass Media - It can help a student to update knowledge, socialise
and be relevant in society.It can also adversely affect in the form
of addiction to viewing content causing disconnect with the
world,sleep deprivation and poor academic performance.
● Culture - Values, beliefs,norms influence thoughts feelings and
behaviour patterns of an individual.
3. What are the Perspectives of studying personality?

Ans
● Pyschoanalytical perspective- Emphasis on early childhood
experiences and unconscious mind in the development of
personality
● Humanistic perspective- Emphasis on free will and psychological
growth in personality development
● Trait Perspective- every individual is unique because of different
traits
● Type perspective- Every individual has different personality type
based on temperament and mental characteristics.
● Socio-Cognitive perspective - Emphasis on observational learning
and cognitive processes

4. Theories of Personality
Carl -Jung’s theory of personality
Ans- Based on type perspective
● Introverts-Those who looks within themselves for stimulation
● Extroverts - Those aroused external environment
Allport’s theory of personality- Based on trait perspective
● Cardinal trait- Person is known specifically for this trait
Ex. Mahatma Gandhi for truthfulness
● Central trait- Generally described characteristics of a person like
sociable,confident honest etc.
● Secondary traits - These traits appear only in specific situations.
Example getting angry,anxious when in queue etc

5. Explain the big five factor model of personality or OCEAN model.

● Robert McCrae and Paul Costaexplained five major factors of
personality.
● Openness to experience- Those who appreciate art , emotion ,
adventure,have unusual ideas,curious and creative.
● Conscientiousness- Tendency to display self discipline. They are
well organised,responsible,dependable,hardworking etc.
● Extroversion - These create energy from external means..They
are talkative,enthusiastic,open minded etc.
 ● Agreeableness- it is the ability of a person to get along with
others.The are kind ,loving,friendly and cooperative.
● Neuroticism- It is the tendency to experience negative feelings.
Such ones are anxious,depressed,irritable,fearful,impulsive and
angry.

Pl note students- you must also mention the opposite of all the
above mentioned traits to explain when a person is low on the
ocean characteristics too. Above mentioned answer contains
when a person is high on the particular trait. Refer text book if u
dont know the opposite. pg 28

6. Explain the methods of measuring personality pg 30 plz read

1.Behavioural analysis-
● Interview- Structured Interview
-Unstructured Interview
● Observation- Naturalistic and Lab
-Participant and non participant
2. Self report measures- learn examples here
3. Projective methods - Rorschach ink blot
- Thematic apperception
- Sentence completion
Chapter 4

Cognitive Processes

1. Define Attention- According to Guilford- Attention is the process of

focusing on one or few objects persons and situations from among
many from the field of awareness.

2. What are the various aspects of attention?

1. Span of attention- Total number of stimuli that we can become

clearly aware of in a single glance.
2. Distraction of attention-After focusing on a specific stimulus
attention drifts towards another stimulus to to some external or
internal stimulus.
 3. Division of attention- When we do two things simultaneously like
one is mechanical activity and the other is a mental activity. Ex
Listening to music while cooking.
4. Fluctuation of attention- Our attention shifts towards other stimuli
for a fraction of time and comes back to original stimulus.

3. What is Perception
Ans : The process of assigning meaning to the information received about the
environment based on past experiences.

4. Explain the phenomenon associated with perception. Pg 36

● Top down processing- The brain uses the context or general knowledge
while perceiving a particular stimulus.
● Bottom up processing- When perceptual experiences are based entirely
on the sensory stimuli and is not influenced by any context in which it
appears.

5. Explain the Laws of perceptual organisation

● Law of Proximity
● Law of similarity
● Law of continuity
● Law of closure

Pl. Note Read the explanation and draw the diagram if this question is asked .

6. What is thinking
Ans Thinking is the mental activity that uses various cognitive elements and
processes that involve manipulation of information,problem solving,reasoning
as well as decision making”

7. What are the core elements of thinking?

● Mental representation
● Concept
● Schema
● Language
Pl read pg 37 for explanation. You must understand and know the difference
between the core elements…what they mean.

8.What are the types of thinking

➢ Problem Solving
● Defining the problem
● Generating alternative solutions
● Selecting a solution
● Implementing and follow up on the solution
➢ Creative thinking-Sequential stages
● Preparation
● Incubation
● Illumination
● Verification

This can also come for 2 marks also by asking any one type of thinking.

9. What is Learning?
● Permanently relative change
● Through practice
● By experience
● Temporary changes are not considered as learning

10. Explain the various processes of learning.

❖ Learning by classical conditioning

❖ Learning by operant conditioning
❖ Learning by cognitive processes
❖ Learning by assimilation and accumulation
❖ Learning by observation

Any of the processes can be asked with explanation pg 40 and 41

Chapter 5

Emotions

1. What is Emotion
Ans A combination of bodily arousal expressive behaviours,thoughts
and feelings.

2. Explain the historical theories of emotion

● James - Langes theory - Emotions are experienced because of
physiological arousal.
● Cannon - Bard theory - We experience physiological arousal
simultaneously yet separately.
● Schachter and Singer’s Two factor theory- Our physiological
arousal will interact with our thinking processes and after that we
will experience emotions.
3. What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
Ans. Our facial expressions provide feedback to our brain concerning
our emotions which means smiling frequently over a period of time can
actually make us happy.

4. Identify and explain some of the basic emotions. Pg 47

❖ Happiness
❖ Sadness
❖ Anger
❖ Fear
❖ Surprise
❖ Disgust

5. Explain Plutchik’s model with the diagram

● There are 8 basic emotions ( mention them)pg 47

● The wheel depicts the relationships between the emotions.
● As we go outwards the intensity of emotions decreases and vice
versa
● Darker the shade more intense the emotion.
 ● Emotions with no colour depicts combination of two primary
emotions
● Emotions are complex and we experience them most often.
● Emotions that are not attended to can cause psychological
disorders ultimately causing imbalance in a persons life.

6. Explain the physiological changes that take place during emotions.

● At the cognitive level- Pupil dilates ,faster heart beat,sweating etc
● At the emotional level - fear causing fight or flight reaction
● Connation level - Action plan like running, calling for help etc

7. How do we achieve emotional well-being

● Physical-Exercise and nutritious diet
● Emotional - Practising mindfulness and staying connected
● Social- Building meaningful relationships,volunteering and engaging in
pro social acts.

8. What are the benefits of emotional well-being? Pg 50

● Coping with stress
● Better self regulation
● Increases productivity
● Increases creativity
● Life satisfaction

9. What is emotional Abuse.

Ans Emotional abuse is the weapon of choice to control the other person.It is
the hardest form of abuse to recognise.It damages the self esteem and self
worth of a person.

Types of emotional abuse

● Verbal abuse
● Non verbal abuse

Read pg 52 how to deal with emotional abuse. Also refer to the short notes in
exercise and prepare for each of them accordingly.

10.Suggest strategies for anger management.

❖ Relaxation and connection with the inner self.
❖ Reassess (Feelings thermometer)
● Take complete responsibility for your emotion
 ● Developing empathy
● Using compassion
● Conduct a reality check

❖ Respond
● Consult
● Engage talks with the other party
● Active listening
● Speak assertively
● Cage your rage

Chapter 6

Psychological Disorder

1. Explain the nature of Psychological disorders reaf pg 62

Ans - Stage 1 - Individuals who are positive and functioning well
Stage 2- Individuals who are neutral but reactive
Stage 3 Signs of psychological damage and moderately ill
Stage 4 Clear signs of major psychological disorder

2. What is the criteria for psychological disorder? 63

● Clinically significant syndrome- like certain symptoms or patterns
of behaviour that occur in a particular order
● Distress and impairment-Inability to perform appropriates duties
● Dysfunction - symptoms that lead to a underlying
psychological,biological or developmental dysfunction.
● Deviant behaviour

3. Define mental wellness pg 65

According to WHO A state of wellbeing in which the individual realises
his/ her own abilities,can cpe with the normal stressors of life,can work
productively and fruitfully and is able to make contributions to his /her
own community.

4. What are the aspects of mental wellness pg 66

● Emotional aspect
● Psychological aspect
● Life philosophy
Pl Note - Here you must be able to draw the four quadnats diagram and name
them if illness welllness continum is asked. Pg 66

5. How are mental disorders classified?

➢ Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (DSM)
➢ International classification of diseases and related health
problems(ICD)

6. Explain some of the main psychological disorders.

PLz read pg 68 onwards. Make bullet points for each disorder.
➢ Anxiety Disorders
● Generalised anxiety disorders
● Phobic disorders
➢ Depressive disorders
➢ Bipolar disorder
➢ Trauma and stress related disorder
● Acute stress disorder
● Post traumatic stress disorder
➢ Substance - related and addictive disorders
Here read about Alcoholic anonymous
➢ Schizophrenia
● Positive symptoms
➔ Hallucinations
➔ Delusions
➔ Disorganised speech and loosening of association
➔ Disorganised behaviour
➔ Incongruent affect
● Negative symptoms
➔ Diminished emotional expression
➔ Lack of initiative or enthusiasm
➔ Diminished and reduced speech
➔ Anhedonia( no deep positive emotion)
➔ Asocial and Apathy
 7. What are the signals that indicate need for professional help?
➔ Inability to concentrate
➔ Inability to sleep
➔ Physical complications
➔ Uncontrollable frequent bad thoughts
➔ Intense negative feelings
➔ Severe confusion
➔ Memory loss
➔ Loss of interest in family and friends
➔ Irrational statements
➔ Self harm and self neglect.

Chapter 7

First aid in mental health

1. What are some of the reasons why first aid in mental health is required?
● Stigma associated with mental illness
➔ personal blame
➔ Thinking that it is a punishment for sins
➔ Thinking that person is intentionally behaving
● Shame
● People do not always know how to respond
● People with mental illness do not always seek help
➔ Culture
➔ Advise from elders
➔ superstitions
2. How does it help to recognise early signs?
● Diagnosis can help illness from developing
● Interevention
● Relapse prevention

3. Explain ALGEE method . read pg 82 and explain with examples

● Approach assess and assist in crisis
● Listen non judgmentally
● Give support information
● Encourage appropriate professional help
 ● Encourage self help and other strategies.

4. How can we give first aid in the following cases?

● Depression
● Anxiety
Any of them can be asked

5. Write short notes on internet and social media usage pg 92

6. What are the signs to show that one is using internet excessively?
7. What are some of the red flags for over dependance on the internet)

Pl Note Pg 92 and 93 should be read and answered incase if asked as per the
question.

Chapter 8

Positive Psychology

1. Define Positive Psychology

Ans. Positive psychology is the scientific study of what makes life worth
living

2 Explain the concept of Life above zero

Ans.
● Zero is the line that divides illness from health and unhappiness from
happiness.
● Life below zero indicates a life of stress,problems,physical and mental
diseases,unhealthy social relations and all other factors that influence
our life negatively.
● Life above zero indicates positive aspects of human behaviour like
happiness,optimism,hope,trust character,strength,
compassion,empathy, mindfulness,resilience etc.
● The positive deviations are on the upper section of the number line and
negative deviations are on the lower section of the number.Whatever is
near zero that -1 to + 1 indicating neutral characteristics.
● The concept of life above zero is explained through a continuum.
Draw the diagram on pg 97 here.
3. State and explain Broaden and build theory.
Ans. According to Barbara Fredrickson, positive emotions are a way to
welcome positive things in our life.When we are happy we experience
positive emotions which will lead us to more positive thoughts.This will in
turn reflect in our behaviour.
Give example as in pg 97/ 98

4. What is Happiness?
A positive emotional state that is subjective for each person.

5.Explain the theories of happiness.

❖ Need /goal based theory- We are happy because we have reached our
goals. Ex. The child was happy as she got her favourite toy.
❖ Process/activity theory - Engaging in a particular activity brings
happiness. Ex - Teacher was happy after she interacted with her
students in a meaningful conversation through a seminar presentation.
❖ Genetic /personality theories - Genes and personality characteristics are
involved in the experience of happiness. Example- A wife who is always
happy despite troubles in her life.

6. What are the determinants of happiness?

● Strong and intimate social relationships
● Optimism
● Self esteem
● Achieving challenging goals
● Perceiving meaning in life.
● Perspective of looking at the world as an opportunity rather than a
threat.

7. What is Optimism?
Optimism is a mental attitude that includes feelings of hopelessness and a
belief that the future will be positive,favourable and desirable and that
negative events are temporary setbacks to be overcome.

There are two components to optimism-feeling and thinking.

8 Give the differences between optimist versus pessimist

Pg 100
 9.What is Empathy
Empathy is the capacity to understand and feel what another person is
experiencing from within their frame of reference. Or in other words the
capacity to place oneself in another’s position.

10. What are the components of Empathy?

● Cognitive empathy- Knowing how the person feels and what they might
be thinking.
● Emotional reactivity- Directly feeling the emotions that another person is
feeling
● Social Skills -How easily individuals engage with others.
Read pg 101 for explanation

11. How can empathy be nurtured?

● Increase social interactions
● Connecting through similarities
● Ask yourself what you are feeling
● Challenge yourself
● Cultivate your sense of curiosity
● Widen your circle.

12. What is Mindfulness

Mindfulness is a state of awareness.It is the basic human ability to be fully
present,aware of where we are and what we are doing,not be overly reactive
or overwhelmed by what’s going on around us. It helps to focus on the here
and now. It means living in the present and be fully engaged in the task that
you are performing. We are aware of each moment of our thoughts ,feelings
and sensations.

13. What is mindlessness

Performing a task with less concentration and little awareness of what is
going on in the present moment. Read pg 103

14 What is mindfulness meditation? Explain the techniques to practise .

Mindfulness meditation involves opening or becoming more alert to the
continuous passing stream of thoughts, images ,emotions and sensations
without identifying oneself with them.The person becomes alert to the entire
field of consciousness.
Steps to practice the technique.
● Sit in a comfortable position with eyes closed.
● Focus on your breath
● Do not try to stop ur thoughts rather focus on your breath.
Benefits : Helps to reduce anxiety,stress and frustration and enhances mental
wellbeing and happiness.

15. What is Resilience

Resilience is the act of bouncing back or resisting cracking under pressure.

16 What are the building blocks of resilience.

● Competence- Ability to know how to handle a situation
● Confidence - Strong belief in one’s own abilities
● Connection - with people and communities gives security
● Character- Clear sense of right and wrong and commitment to integrity
● Contribution - sense of purpose leading to psychological well-being
● Coping- helps to overcome life’s challenges
● Control - when u know u can control outcomes u know u can bounce
back.

17. What are the types of Resilience

❖ Psychological Resilience - ability to mentally withstand or adapt to
uncertainty,challenges and adversity.
❖ Emotional Resilience - The ability to cope emotionally with stress
and diversity
❖ Physical Resilience - Body’s ability to adapt to
challenges,maintain the stamina and strength,recover quickly and
efficiently
❖ Community Resilience - ability of groups of people to respond to
and recover from adverse situations like natural
disasters,economic hardships etc.

______________________________________________________________
Paper pattern and relevant questions addressed as per weightage of marks.

Frequently asked TEN mark questions under Q.No 7

In this section only questions from CH 2 and Ch 3 will be asked ,one question
each . Both questions are based on understanding.

1. Write in detail about the history of Intelligence testing.

Ans -Paul Broca and Sir Francil Galton- First scientists to think about
measuring intelligence - Galton administered a battery of tests
measuring head size and other variables.Raymond catell - use of term
mental test for the first time - emphasised that test administration should
be standardised . Alfred Binet and Simon published the first scale of
intelligence in 1905 revised in 1908 and again in 1911.- Terman adapted
and revised Binet Simet intelligence scale in 1916 - revisions in 1937 ,
1972, 1986, and 2004.
1914 - the first world war - Robert yerk’s army alpha and army beta
intelligence test - 1939 - the second world war - Army general
classification test
1939 - David wechsler - Weschler Bellevue intelligence scale - revision
in 1955 and renamed as Weschler adult intelligence scale and fourth
edition was released by Karl pearson in 2008. (Pg 14 to 18) plz read.

2. Explain the various methods of personality measurement. ( pg 28,29,30)

3. Explain the applications of intelligence testing in various areas.(Pg 18)

4. What is meant by personality? Write information about the various tests
based on the projective method of measurement of personality.( Pg 30)
5. Explain some of the New Trends in Intelligence (18,19,20,21)
6. What are the factors shaping Personality (24,25,26)

Please study these mentioned questions without fail. Once you are
thorough with these answers then you can refer to the rest of the
content given in ch 2 and ch 3 for ten marks.

_____________________________________________________
Frequently asked questions for 5 Marks

In this section questions will be asked from ch 4,5 and 6 .

Ch 4 question based on Knowledge
Ch 5 question based on application
Ch 6 again based on knowledge
Let us take a look at the previously asked questions in this section.

1. Explain the stages of creative thinking: ( Pg 38,39)

● Preparation
● Incubation
● Illumination
● Verification

2.Explain Respond approach of anger management:Pg 58

● Consulting a family member
● Engage talks with the other party
● Active listening
● Speaking assertively
● Cage your rage

3. Explain the following positive symptoms of Schizophrenia:

● Hallucinations
● Delusions
● Disorganised speech

4. Explain the benefits enjoyed by a person who is high on emotional

well-being. Pg 51
● Coping with stress
● Better self regulation
● Increased productivity
● Increased creativity

5. Describe the criteria for Psychological disorders-

● Clinically significant syndrome
● Distress and impairment
● Dysfunction
● Behaviour which is just deviant and conflicting with society does
not become a sign of psychological disorder.
Other Possible questions

Ch 4 -
6. Explain the various aspects of attention:
● Span of attention
● Distraction of attention
● Division of attention
● Fluctuation of attention

7. Explain the core elements of thinking: Pg 37

● Mental representation
● Concept
● Schema
● Language

8. Explain the following phenomenon associated with perception: Phg 36

● Top down processing
● Bottom up processing

9.Explain with diagram the following laws of perception:

● Law of proximity
● Law of similarity
● Law of continuity
● Law of closure

10. Explain the following steps in problem solving:

● Defining the problem
● Generating alternative solutions
● Selecting a solution
● Implementation and follow up on the solution.

11. Explain the following processes of learning:

● Learning by classical conditioning
● Learning by operant conditioning
● Learning by cognitive processes
● Learning by assimilation and accommodation
● Learning by observation
Chapter 5

12. Explain the reassess approach to anger with the following points:
( Pg 57,58)
● Take complete responsibility for your emotion
● Develop empathy
● Using compassion
● Conduct a reality check

Chapter 6

13. Explain the nature of psychological disorders:

● Stage 1-Extremely healthy
● Stage 2- Moderately healthy
● Stage 3 - Moderately unhealthy
● Stage 4 - Extremely unhealthy

_____________________________________________________________

Frequently asked questions for 3 marks. This question is from q.No 3

Short notes.

In this section from

Ch 1 - there will 1 question to test the understanding and one question which
is skill based.
Previous questions
1.Types of correlation
2.Experimental method
3.Any three characteristics of rational individual

Possible questions

4. Any of the research methods in psychology (pg 4 to 6 ) can be asked

____________________________________________________________
Chapter 4
Previously asked questions

5. Division of attention
 Here any other aspect of attention can be asked

Possible questions

6. Top down and bottom up processing

7. Any of the processes of learning
______________________________________________________________

Chapter 5
Previous questions
8. Steps to deal with emotional abuse
Possible questions
9. How can we achieve emotional wellbeing ( 50,51)
_____________________________________________________________

Chapter 6
Previous questions

10.Post traumatic stress disorder

11.Bipolar
12.Drug addiction

Possible questions
13. Any of the major psychological disorders can be asked instead of Bipolar
and PTSD
14. Identifying psychological disorders
15. Signals indicating need for professional help

_____________________________________________________________

Chapter 7

Previously asked questions

16. Overdependence on the internet

17. Factors contributing to anxiety

Possible questions
18. ALGEE action plan
19. First aid in depression
20. First aid in anxiety

______________________________________________________________

Kindly refer to the chapter wise 2 marks question pattern mentioned

below and study well

2 (two) mark questions will be asked from the following chapters

Ch 1 , 2,3,5,7,8 These questions will be based on knowledge

Ch 3,6,7,8 Based on understanding
Ch 1,4,6,8 based on application
Ch 2,4,5,7,8 will be skill based questions

______________________________________________________________

1 Mark questions are of objective type. Hence a) Fill in the blanks from the
given alternative, match the following, say true or false and answer in one
sentence will come under this section totalling 20 marks 20 questions

Ch 1 - 4 questions
Ch 2 - 3 questions
Ch 3 - 3 questions
Ch 4 - 2 questions
Ch 5 - 2 questions
Ch 6 - 2 questions
Ch 7 - 2 questions
Ch 8 - 2 questions.

_____________________________________________________________

Important Note:

This guidance material is strictly for guidance purpose . It does not guarantee
questions to appear in the upcoming board paper. Students should make sure
to study all these questions and answers thoroughly from the assigned text
book that you have.Then go on to read the entire text book chapter by chapter
to be confident of the content. This year all portion is included. Hence it is very
important to study every page carefully.

In the exam, make sure you quickly go through the entire paper once before
you begin. Assess your comfort with the questions. Attempt the questions that
you are confident of at the beginning. Do not waste time thinking. There is lot
to write in very less time. Hence if you dont remember any particular answer
,leave space and answer whatever you know first.If you think you know the q.
7 well,then attempt the essay question first and then head on to q. 1. This way
you would have completed the ten mark essay question systematically first.
Essay questions should be presented well beginning with definition/ meaning/
or a brief intro of the concept addressed. Then go on to the body of the
answer. If you wish to you can answer in point form , underline the side points
and explain in paragraph.Close with conclusion/suggestions etc.
Check if you have put the right question nos. Attempt all questions as per
instructions.
Q.no 4 Write answers to the following questions based on the examples only
in words. This is an ABT type patterned question. Hence your answer will
usually be in 1 word, max 2 or as per question asked.

Study hard and you will do well.

God bless you! All the best.
QUESTION BANK FROM CHAPTER 1 TO 8 This question bank is a
guideline to prepare for each chapter.However you must read the
text book and study everything given in the included portion for the
year.Study the exercise questions too.
STUDY WELL
GOD BLESS YOU.

________________________________________________________
Chapter 1: PSYCHOLOGY: A Scientific Discipline
_________________________________________________________

Q.1.A. Choose the correct option and complete the following

statements:

1) Till 1879, psychology was a branch of _______

(Physics/Philosophy/Physiology)

2) Psychology is a ____ science.

(Natural/Social/Biological)

3) Psychology emerged as a separate discipline/attained status of a

science in the year ________ (1879/1897/1887)

4) ______ is considered as the founder of Psychoanalysis.

(Wilhelm Wundt/Carl Rogers/Sigmund Freud)

5) Science is derived from the Latin word _____

(Schema/Scientia/Knowledge)

6) ______ means the ability to see and accept facts as they are and
not as we wish them to be.

(Predictability/Replication/Objectivity)
7) ______ is widely known as the first school of thought in
Psychology.

(Functionalism/Structuralism/Behaviourism)

8) _______ is known as the father of ‘American Psychology’.

(William James/John Watson/Carl Rogers)

9) _____ is the most scientific method of studying behavior.

(Survey Method/Experimental Method/Interview Method)

10) The _______ variable is the effect or result of the experiment.

(Independent/Relevant/Dependent)

11) The _____ variable is the variable whose effect the experimenter
wishes

to find out. (Independent/Relevant/Dependent)

12) In positive correlation, both the variables change in the _____

direction.

(Opposite/Same/Different)

13) _____ means reproducibility of scientific knowledge under the

same

circumstances anywhere and anytime.

(Predictability/Replication/Objectivity)

14) _______ focuses on the study of the unconscious mind.

(Functionalism/Cognitivism/Psychoanalysis)

_______________________________________________________
Q.1.B. Match the following pairs:

GROUP A GROUP B
1 Structuralism a John Watson
2 Functionalism b Carl Rogers
3 Behaviourism c Ulric Neisser
4 Cognitivism d William James
5 Psychoanalysis e Albert Ellis
6 Rational Emotive f Sigmund Freud
Behavioural Therapy
7 g Wilhelm Wundt
_________________________________________________________

Q.1.C. State whether the following statements are true or false:

1) Psychology is a study of mental processes.

2) An experimenter is a person on whom the experiment is being

conducted.

3) Psychology is not an exact science like Physics or Chemistry.

4) In negative correlation both the variables change in the same

direction.

5) Experiments cannot be repeated.

Q.1.D. Answer the following in one sentence each:

1) In which year was the first Psychology laboratory established?

2) Who is considered to be the father of ‘American Psychology’?

3) What is meant by an Experimenter?

4) What is the only difference between the Experimental group and

the Control group?

5) Which Latin word is the word science derived from?

6) Who used the method of Introspection to study conscious

experiences?

7) Which school of thought gave importance to the study of the

unconscious mind?

8) Which school of thought gave importance to the study of the

power of free will and self-actualization?

______________________________________________________

Q.2. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words: (2 marks)

1) What is an independent variable?

2) What is a dependent variable?

3) What is a relevant variable?

_________________________________________________________
Q3. Write short notes on the following topics in 50 – 60 words: (3
marks)

1) Observation Method

2) Survey Method

3) Case Study Method

4) Importance of Rationality.

5) History of Psychology as a science.

6) Types of Correlation.

7) Explain the key features of science.

8) Explain the characteristics of a rational individual.

9) Explain the challenges in establishing psychology as a science.

10) Experimental Method

Q.5. Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words: (2 marks)

1) Replicability

2) Correlation Coefficient

3) Science

4) Survey

5) Correlation

6) Practical Intelligence.

_________________________________________________________
 CHAPTER :2 INTELLIGENCE

_________________________________________________________

Q.1. (A) Choose the correct option and complete the following
statements:

1) _____ has given the formula of I.Q.

(Binet/Stern/Weschler)

2) _____ has given the concepts of fluid intelligence and

crystallized intelligence.

(Cattell/Thorndike/Thurstone)

3) _____ is an individual test of intelligence.

(Army Alpha Test/Army Beta Test/Block Building Test)

4) Acc. To Cattell, intelligence that is dependent on neurological

development is known as _____ intelligence.
(Fluid/Crystallized/Abstract)

5) ______ proposed 7 Primary Abilities of Intelligence.

(Thorndike/Gardener/Thurstone)

6) The average person’s I.Q. is ______ (70,100,150)

7) The Army Alpha test is a ____ test of intelligence. (Verbal- group,

non verbalgroup, verbal individual)

8) The Army Beta test is a ____ test of intelligence.

(Verbal-group, performance-group, performance-individual.

9) ______ proposed the theory of Multiple Intelligence.

(Stern, Binet, Gardner)

10) _____ is the Father of Intelligence tests.

(Binet, Weschler, Gardner)

11) The first test of intelligence by Binet was developed in the year
___

(1905, 1908, 1911)

12) A performance test is also known as a ___ test.

(Group, Verbal, Non verbal)

13) ______ tests are used as means of mass testing.

(Group, individual, non verbal)

14) ______ tests are used to measure the intelligence of illiterate

people. (Group, verbal, performance)

15) _____ type of intelligence test requires knowledge of language.

( Verbal, performance, individual)

16) I.Q of a 10 year old boy having a mental age of 12 years will
be____

(100, 120, 150) 17)

Revision of the Binet scales at the Stanford university were carried

out by ____

(Terman, Stern, Gardner)

18) An 8 year old having a mental age of 10 years has ____

intelligence.

(Average, Above average, Below average)

19) Mentally deficient individuals have an I.Q below ______

(100,120,70)
Q.1.(B) Match the following pairs:

GROUP A GROUP B
1 Alfred Binet a Test which was both
verbal and nonverbal
2 Terman b Seven Primary Abilities
3 Stern c Concept of Mental age
4 Cattell d Extended upper age of
Binet scales
5 Weschler e ‘g’ and ‘s’ factor
6 Spearman f Concept of I.Q
7 Thurstone g Concept of ‘mental test”
8 John Horn h Fluid intelligence

Q.1. (C) State whether the following statements are true or false:

1) Verbal tests of intelligence can be given easily to illiterate

people.

2) Group tests are economical. 3) Performance/Non verbal tests are

free of oral or written language.

4) A person with an I.Q of 75 is said to be of average intelligence.

5) There are certain limitations to Artificial Intelligence.

6) Group tests of intelligence are less expensive.

7) If M.A = C.A then I.Q will be 100

8) Modern psychologists explain intelligence in terms of a single

index of cognitive abilities.

9) Nonverbal tests are culture fair tests.

____________________________________________________
Q.1.(D) Answer the following in one sentence each:

1) Who is considered as the father of intelligence test?

2) Which tests are used to measure intelligence of illiterate

people?

3) Which type of intelligence requires knowledge of language? 4)

Which intelligence test facilitates mass testing?

5) Give one limitation of verbal tests.

6) How can intelligence tests be categorised on the basis of

administration procedure?

Q.2. Answer the following questions in 25 – 30 words: (2 marks)

1) What is meant by intelligence?

2) What is meant by verbal tests of intelligence?

3) What is meant by individual test of intelligence?

4) What is meant by group test of intelligence?

5) What is meant by Nonverbal or performance test of intelligence?

_____________________________________________________

Q.3. Write short notes on the following topics in 50 – 60 words

each: (3 marks)
1) Intelligence Quotient
2) Charles Spearman’s theory of intelligence
3) Verbal tests of intelligence
4) Non-verbal tests of intelligence
5) Artificial Intelligence
______________________________________________________
Q.5. Explain the following concepts in 25 – 30 words: (2 marks) 1)
Mental age
2) Intelligence
3) I.Q
______________________________________________________

Q.7. Answer the following questions 150 – 200 words: (10 marks)
1) Write in detail about the history of Intelligence testing.
2) 'Intelligence testing has a wide usage in various areas'. Justify
with examples.
3) Discuss the 5 theories of Intelligence.
4) Explain the characteristics of people having high social
intelligence.
5) Discuss the types of Intelligence tests in detail.
______________________________________________________
 Chapter 3: PERSONALITY
______________________________________________________
Q.1.A. Choose the correct option and complete the following
statements:
1) The ink blot test was developed by -----------_____
(Murray/Rorschach/Morgan)
2) In _____ interview, the direction of the interview is not pre
planned. (Structured/Unstructured/Prestructured)
3) The term personality is derived from the Latin word _____
(Person, Persona, Personic)
4) Rorschach’s Ink blots are a _______ test of personality.
(Projective, Self rating, Situational)
5) _____ is a self report technique of personality assessment.
(MMPI/TAT/ Rorschach’s Ink blot test.)
6) Those who score high on ____ may experience negative feelings
like anxiety, anger and depression.
(Neuroticism/Extroversion/Conscientiousness)
7) In _____ observation, the observer observes behaviour as it
occurs naturally without any intervention.
(Naturalistic/Systematic/Participant)
8) _____ defined personality as the dynamic organization within the
individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his
unique adjustment to his environment. (Sheldon, Allport, Murray)
9) Projective techniques are based on the _______ approach.
(Type/Trait/Psychodynamic)
___________________________________________________
Q.1.B. Match the following pairs:

GROUP A GROUP B
1 Self report technique a Ink Blot test
2 Behavioural analysis b Trait theory
3 Projective methods c Type theory
4 McCrae and Costa d Big 5 Factor theory
5 Morgan and Murray e T.A.T
6 f MMPI
7 g Interview

Q.1.C. State whether the following statements are true or false:

1) Personality is merely related to external appearance.
2) People with high neuroticism are emotionally reactive.
3) Children from families having a warm emotional atmosphere are
well adjusted.
4) TAT was developed by McKinley and Hathaway.
5) Self-report measures were developed to assess unconscious
motives and feelings.
6) A structured interview is an open interrogation.
7) Projective techniques are fairly structured techniques where the
subject objectively reports his/her feelings to various things
8) Mass media can play a major role in personality development.
9) Peer group is a major agency of socialization.
10) Type theories are highly reliable and explain complexity of
personality.
______________________________________________________
Q.1.D. Answer the following in one sentence each:

1) Name the 2 types of interviews.

2) What is the literal meaning of the Latin word “persona”?
3) Who has given the Thematic Apperception test?
___________________________________________________

Q.2. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words: (2 marks

each)
1) What is a trait?
2) What is the sentence completion test?
3) What is the 5 factor model of personality?
4) What is naturalistic observation?
5) What is an interview? Explain the 2 types of interview.
6) What is the influence of peer group on personality?
7) What is the influence of school on personality?
8) What are the limitations of behavioural analysis techniques?
_____________________________________________________

Q.3. Write short notes on the following topics in 50 – 60 words: (3

marks each)
1) Effect of mass media on personality development
2) Projective techniques.
3) Behavioural Analysis.
4) Perspectives of studying Personality.
_____________________________________________________
Q.5. Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words: (2 marks
each)
1) Personality.
2) Trait.
3) Sentence Completion test.
4) Structured interview.
5) Unstructured interview.
6) Heredity.
7) Heredity
8) Peer group
9) Mass media
______________________________________________________

Q.7 Answer the following questions in 150 to 200 words. (10)

1) Explain the Big Five Factor model of Personality.
2) Explain the factors influencing Personality.
3) Explain the various methods of personality measurement
_____________________________________________________
Chapter 4: COGNITIVE PROCESSES
_______________________________________________________

Q.1. A. Choose the correct option and complete the following

statements:
1) When we select a few stimuli from the environment and bring
them into the centre of our awareness, it is called _________
(Attention/Perception/Thinking)
2) Ivan Pavlov is known for explaining learning by ________.
(Classical conditioning/Operant conditioning/Observation)
3) When we organise information from the environment, group
them and give some meaning, that process is called _________
(Attention/Perception/Thinking)
4) In operant conditioning the experiment was conducted on a
______. (Dog/Rat/Monkey)
5) The change in behaviour due to practice or experience is known
as . (Perception/Thinking/Learning)
6) ______ was the pioneer of Operant Conditioning.
(Skinner/Pavlov/Wundt)
7) Learning is not attributed to changes resulting from ______
(Experience/Maturation/Practice)
8) Stimuli that are near each other, and perceived as a unit, refer to
the law of _______ (Proximity/Continuity/Similarity)
9) The learning process by forming associations or connections is
called _______ (Assimilation/Classical Conditioning/Operant
Conditioning
_________________________________________________
Q.1. B. Match the following pairs:

GROUP A GROUP B
1 B.F. Skinner a Learning by assimilation
and accommodation
2 Max Wertheimer b Learning by Classical
Conditioning
3 Edward Tolman c Learning by Operant
Conditioning
4 Jean Piaget d Learning by use of
Cognitive processes
e Laws of Perceptual
grouping

_____________________________________________________

Q.1. C. State whether the following statements are true or false:

1) Size and intensity of the stimulus influence attention.
2) It is very easy to divide our attention between two tasks
simultaneously.
3) Awareness of the stimuli around us is called perception.
4) Top-down processing is influenced by the context in which the
information occurs.
5) The tendency to fill in gaps in an incomplete stimulus, in order to
perceive it as a meaningful figure refers to law of closure.
6) All changes in behaviour can be attributed to learning.
___________________________________________________
Q.1. D. Answer the following in one sentence each:
1) What are cognitive processes?
2) What is the perceptual law of similarity?
3) Explain the meaning of schema?
4) According to B.F. Skinner, how does learning take place?
5) What is Jean Piaget’s view about the learning process?
6) What is creative thinking?
______________________________________________________

Q. 2. Answer the following questions in 25 30 words: (2 marks) 1)

What is fluctuation of attention?
2) Give three examples of top down processes in perception.
3) What is meant by thinking?
4) Describe any two processes of learning.
5) What does span of attention refer to?
6) Explain division of attention
______________________________________________________

Q.3 Write short notes on the following topics in 50 to 60 words:

(3mks)
1) Laws of perceptual organization.
2) Stages of Creative thinking
3) Stages of problem solving
4) Types of perceptual processing/Top down and Bottom up
processing.

______________________________________________________
Q. 5. Explain the following concepts in 25 – 30 words each: (2
marks)
1) Attention
2) Distraction of attention.
3) Learning
4) Perception
5) Mental representation
6) Concept
7) Thinking
______________________________________________________

Q. 6. Answer the following questions in 80 – 100 words each, with

the help of the given points: (5 marks)
1) Explain the stages of creative thinking:
i. Preparation
ii. Incubation
iii. Illumination
iv. Verification.

2) Explain the types of perceptual processing:

i. Top – down processing
ii. Bottom – up processing

3) Explain the processes of learning:

i. Learning by Classical Conditioning
ii. Learning by Operant Conditioning
iii. Learning by Assimilation and Accommodation
iv. Learning by Cognitive processes
4) Explain the various aspects of attention with suitable examples:
i. Span of attention
ii. Distraction of attention
iii. Division of attention
iv. Fluctuation of attention

5) Explain the Core elements of thinking:

i. Mental representation
ii. Concept
iii. Schema
iv. Language
 Chapter 5: EMOTIONS.

This question bank is just a guideline. Please ensure that you

read the text book thoroughly in order to be prepared to
answer all types of questions.
Question Bank.
Q.1. A. Choose the correct option and complete the following
statements:
1) _____ is a combination of bodily arousal, expressive
behaviour, thoughts and feelings.
(Response/Reaction/Emotions)
2) According to James Lange, we first experience _______
then emotions. (Physical arousal/Feelings/Thoughts)
3) Emotion is used as a ______ to control other.
(Weapon/measure/Opportunity)
4) When you allow another person to exploit you, you are a
victim of _____ abuse. (Physical/Emotional/Social)
5) Exercising releases _______ which acts as a stress buster
and makes you feel good.
6) According to the _____ theory, we experience physiological
arousal and feelings simultaneously and independently.
(James – Lange/Cannon – Bard/Schacter – Singer)
7) According to Ekman, there are ______ basic emotions.
(2/5/6)
8) ______ is an emotion that is in response to some threat.
(Sadness/Fear/Disgust)
9) Plutchik’s model explains that there are _______ primary
emotions. (8/6/12)
10) _____ is not a primary or basic emotion according to
Plutchik. (Trust/Anticipation/Jealousy)
11) Emotions are controlled by the _____ in the brain.
(Cerebral cortex/Limbic system/RAS)
12) Sunita shows creativity and has meaningful relationships.
She has ______ emotional wellbeing. (High/Low/Moderate)
Q.1. B. Match the following pairs:
A B
1) Happiness A) Basic emotion
2) Paul Ekman B) Fight and flight
3) Anger C) Surprise
4) Fear D) Sadness
5) Grief E) Triggers
6) Anger management technique F) Powerful emotion

Q.1. C. State whether the following statements are true or

false:
1) Emotional wellbeing is not easily observable.
2) Positive emotions energise you.
3) You should feel guilty for standing up for yourself.
4) Anger is a basic negative emotion.
5) “I feel sad because I cry”, this is the premise of the
Schacter – Singer theory.
6) Pride and guilt are considered as higher cognitive
emotions.
7) The fight or flight reaction is a reaction to sadness.
8) Low serotonin levels are associated with clinical
depression.
Q.1. D. Answer the following in one sentence each:
1) What is the premise of the facial feedback premise?
2) What are complex emotions?
3) According to Ekman, which are the basic emotions?
4) When does a person experience disgust?
5) Why is Plutchik’s model important?
6) What does emotional wellbeing mean?
7) What does anger management mean?

Q.2. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words each: (2

marks)
1) Explain the term facial feedback hypothesis.
2) When does an individual face social rejection?
3) Write about the nonverbal triggers of anger, with the help of
an example.
4) What are aspects of emotional wellbeing?

Q.3. Write short notes on the following topics in 50 to 60

words: (3 marks)
1) Measures of dealing with emotional abuse.
2) Plutchik’s Model of Emotions.
3) Anger – A powerful emotion.
4) Managing emotions.
5) Benefits of Emotional Wellbeing.
6) Physiological changes during emotions.
7) How does the brain work when angry?
8) Using the 3 R model of Anger Management, present a case
study of your own experience.
9) After having realised you are emotionally abused by your
best friend, write the steps you will take to deal with it. Please
note: The questions given below for Question 4 are only a
sample of what you can get in the Board exam.
Q. 4 Write answers to the questions based on the following
examples: (2 mks)
1) Rohit who has anger management issues, has been trying to
control his anger. After a provoking situation, he manages to
avoid reacting and later on when he has calmed down, thinks
about the situation and tries to understand what is affecting
him. Which technique of anger management is Rohit using?
(Reassessment)

Q.5. Explain the following concepts in 25 – 30 words each: (2

marks)
1) Emotion
2) Emotional well being
3) Emotional abuse
4) Anger management

Q.6 Answer the following questions in 80 – 100 words, with the

help of the given points: (5 marks)
1) Explain the following theories of emotion: a) James - Lange
theory b) Cannon - Bard theory c) Schachter – Singer theory
2) Discuss emotional well being: a) Meaning b) Aspects c)
Benefits
3) Discuss the following basic emotions: a) Happiness b)
Sadness c) Anger d) Fear e) Surprise f) Disgust
4) Discuss effective anger management: a) Relaxation and
connection with the inner self b) Reassess c) Respond

THERE WILL BE NO 10 MARK QUESTION FROM THIS

CHAPTER
 Chapter 6: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS.
This question bank is just a guideline. Please ensure that you
read the text book thoroughly in order to be prepared to
answer all types of questions. Question Bank.

Q.1.A. Choose the correct option and complete the following

statements:
1) _______ is the present system for classification of mental
disorders. (DSM – 5/W.H.O./A.P.A)
2) The term schizophrenia was first used by ________ (Albert
Ellis/Eugen Bleuler/John Travis)
3) World Health Organization has developed ______for
classification of all types of disorders. (I.C.D/D.S.M/M.C.A)
4) We find alternate phases of depression and mania in
______disorders. (Depressive/Bipolar/Anxiety)
5) A persistent but disproportionate and irrational fear of a
specific object or situation is called _____
(Anxiety/Mania/Phobia)
6) A cluster of symptoms is known as _____
(Therapy/Maladjustment/Syndrome)
7) Bipolar disorder is also called _______ disorder. (Manic
depressive/Schizophrenia/PTSD)
8) The DSM – 5 comprises of ______ broad categories of
mental disorders along with sub categories. (19/11/22)
9) Andy experiences feelings of unhappiness but has no
apparent mental illness. According to Illness Wellness
Continuum Model, he will be in Quadrant _____ (1/2/3)
10) Mr. X tries to stop his drug usage. He experiences tremors,
muscle pain etc. This indicates _______ symptoms.
(Withdrawal/ Recovery/Negative)
11) Individuals who experience ______ commonly have a
negative thinking style. (Depression/Phobia/Acute stress)
Q.1.B. Match the following pairs:

Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’

1.Phobia a. 2013
2.DSM - 5 b.Wellness
3.I.C.D - 11 c.Schizophrenia
4.Eugene Bleuler d.2019
5.John Travis e.Illogical fear
6.Depressive disorders f. Sad feelings for a long
Period of time

Q.1.C. State whether the following statements are true or false:

1) Socially or culturally deviant behaviours are signs of
psychological disorders.
2) Schizophrenia is a serious psychological disorder.
3) Feeling of hopelessness is one of the symptoms seen in
depressive disorders.
4) Illness and absence of illness are distinct categories.
5) Individual distress and impairment are criteria for
psychological disorders.
6) Imbalance in neurotransmitters may cause bipolar
disorders.
7) Extremely traumatic events may lead to the onset of Acute
Stress Disorder.
8) Most schizophrenics suffer from delusions and
hallucinations.
9) Generally, negative symptoms of schizophrenia improve
much with proper treatment.
 10) The same therapy can be applied with equal success to all
persons who exhibit similar symptoms.
11) DSM-5 considers behaviour as a mental disorder.
12) Low serotonin levels are associated with clinical
depression.

Q.1.D. Answer the following in one sentence each:

1) From which Latin word is the term anxiety derived?
2) In which disorder does the person experience sadness and
guilt for a long period of time?
3) What do you call the fear that you experience unnecessarily
in a non threatening situation?
4) What is the literal meaning of the word schizophrenia?
5) What is meant by delusion?
6) What are the two states of bipolar disorder?
7) When is a person diagnosed with PTSD?
8) What are addictive disorders?
9) The word phobia is derived from which Greek god?

Q.2. Answer the following questions in 25 – 30 words each: (2

marks)
1) What is meant by Anxiety disorders?
2) Narrate indicators of psychological disorders.
3) What is meant by Bipolar disorder?
4) Describe Post Traumatic Stress Disorders?
5) Explain Acute Stress Disorder.
Q.3. Write short notes on the following topics in 50 – 60 words
each: (3 marks)
1) Nature of mental wellness
2) Drug Addiction
3) Depressive disorders
4) Anxiety disorders
5) Identification and treatment of psychological disorders
6) Explain the nature of psychological disorder.
7) Discuss the red flags indicating the need for psychological
help
8) Substance related and addictive disorders.
9) Illness-Wellness Continuum by John Travis

Please note: The questions given below for Question 4 are

only a sample of what you can get in the Board exam.

Q.4 Write answers to the questions based on the following

examples: (2mks)
1) A person who has been consuming alcohol over a period,
now wants to give up this habit. What kind of a
group/organization should he join?
2) Give an example of a delusion.
3) Anita is afraid of small and closed spaces so she can't travel
by car. In time, she was diagnosed with a mental illness. What
mental disorder did do you think Anita has?
4) Sheena feels very tense during exams. She shows
symptoms like lack of sleep, uneasiness, sensation of
vomiting, breathlessness etc. Name the disorder.
5) Rita experiences alternate phases of extreme sadness at
one time and extreme happiness at other times. Name the
disorder she is suffering from.
Q.5. Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words: (2
marks)
1) DSM - 5
2) ICD 11
3) Phobia
4) Syndrome
5) Hallucination
6) Delusion
7) Psychotherapy

Q. 6. Answer the following questions in 80 – 100 words each

with the help of the given points: (10 marks)
1) Discuss the Mental Health Continuum model: i. Stage 1 ii.
Stage 2 iii. Stage 3 iv. Stage 4

2) Discuss the criteria for psychological disorders:

i. Clinically significant syndrome
ii. Distress and Impairment
iii. Dysfunction
iv. If any response given to stressors or losses are accepted
as a response to that situation, it is not considered as a sign of
mental disorder
v. Any behaviour which is just deviant or conflicting with
society but not producing dysfunction or distress or disability,
then it does not become a sign of mental disorder.

3) Discuss the important aspects of mental wellness:

i. Emotional aspect
ii. Psychological aspect
iii. Life philosophy
4) Discuss the following psychological disorders:
i. Generalized Anxiety disorder
ii. Phobia
iii. Bipolar disorder
iv. ACD v. PTSD

5) Discuss the following stages of trauma that a person

experiencing PTSD goes through:
i. Shock stage
ii. Suggestible stage
iii. Recovery stage

6) Discuss Schizophrenia:
i. Positive symptoms
ii. Negative symptoms
7) Discuss the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia:
i. Hallucinations
ii. Delusions
iii. Disorganized speech and lose of association
iv. Disorganized behaviour
v. Incongruent affect

THERE WILL BE NO 10 MARK QUESTION FROM THIS

CHAPTER
 Chapter 7: FIRST AID IN MENTAL HEALTH

This question bank is just a guideline. Please ensure that you

read the text book thoroughly in order to be prepared to
answer all types of questions.
Question Bank.

Q.1.A. Choose the correct option and complete the following

statements:
1) One of the major obstacles to getting help from a mental
health professional is the ________ attached to mental illness.
(Policy/Stigma/Society)
2) Friends and family are not a substitute for ________ (Solving
problems/Giving solutions/Professional help)
3) In our culture, the ________ of an individual is considered
to be the reflection of one’s family.
(Intelligence/Behaviour/Status)
4) Individuals who experience _______ commonly have a
negative thinking style. (Depression/ Phobia/ Acute stress)
5) According to the NIMHANS study (2014 - 2016), about _____
of population suffers from common mental disorders.
(10%/13%/25%)
6) The Indian city that obtained an International license in 2017
to carry out standard MHFA programme across India is
_______ (New Delhi/Bengaluru/Chennai)
7) If early signs of mental illness are recognized, it can assist
the individual in getting help. This is known as _______
(Diagnosis/Early intervention/Rehabilitation)
8) Imbalance of certain ______ in the brain may be a factor in
anxiety. (Neurotransmitters/Fluids/Organs)
Q.1. B Match the following pairs:

A B

1) Anthony Jorm A. Technology related to

Mental health issues
2) Traumatic events B. Depression

3) SHUT clinic in NIMHANS C. Co-founder of MHFA

programme
4) Red flag in internet usage D. Social phobia

5) Feeling of worthlessness E. Anxiety

F. Craving and compulsion

Q.1. C. State whether the following statements are true or
false:
1) There is a stigma attached to mental illness
2) Mental illness is caused by supernatural forces.
3) Mental illness does not usually develop ‘out of the blue
4) Relapse prevention is important in Mental Health First Aid.
5) Any anxiety experienced by a person is a cause for concern.

Q.1.D. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

1) What is the assumption of First Aid in Mental Health?
2) What are some non-medical explanations for mental illness?
3) Who developed the Mental Health First Aid (MHFA)
programme?
4) What is the objective of MHFA?
5) What is the rationale of SHUT clinics by NIMHANS?
Q.2. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words: (2 marks)
1) Describe the term Mental Health First Aid.
2) What are the stigmas attached to mental illness?
3) ‘Anxiety disrupts day to day functioning of an individual.
State 2 pre dispositional factors contributing to anxiety.
4) Your friend confided in you that he is suffering from anxiety.
Suggest 2 self – help strategies to help him deal with this issue.
5) What are the main hurdles in receiving treatment in case of
mental illness?
6) Enumerate behavioural changes noticed in persons suffering
from depression.

Q. 3 Write short notes on the following topics in 50 – 60 words: (3

marks)
1) Need for First Aid in Mental health
2) Self help strategies in Mental Health First Aid.
3) 5-4-3-2-1 relaxation technique.
4) Behavioural changes in people suffering from anxiety.
5) Four C’s to identify excessive internet usage.
6) Over dependence on internet.
7) The ALGEE model
8) First Aid in depression
9) First Aid in anxiety
10) Red flags of overdependence on internet.
11) Symptoms of Anxiety

Please note: The questions given below for Question 4 are only a
sample of what you can get in the Board exam.
Q. 4 Write answers to the questions based on the following
examples: (2 marks)
1) Rani who is in therapy for depression does not want anyone to
know that she is visiting a counsellor for fear of what they will think
of her. What is she fearing? (Stigma attached to mental illness)

2) Swati told her brother Rahul the thoughts of her own death that
kept coming to her mind. Rahul advised her to go to a counsellor.
Which step in the ALGEE model has been taken by Rahul to
provide mental health first aid? (Encouragement to get professional
help)

Q. 5 Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words: (2 marks) 1)

Mental Health First Aid

THERE WILL BE NO 5 MARK QUESTION FROM THIS CHAPTER

THERE WILL BE NO 10 MARK QUESTION FROM THIS
CHAPTER
 Chapter 8: Positive Psychology.

This question bank is just a guideline. Please ensure that you read
the text book thoroughly in order to be prepared to answer all types
of questions.

Question Bank

Q.1.A. Choose the correct option and complete the following

statements:
1) _____ is the father of Positive Psychology.
(Carver/Masten/Seligman)
2) Barbara Fredrickson introduced the Broaden and ______ theory.
(Build/Emotion/Learning)
3) The belief that good things will happen is known as ______
(Pessimism/Resilience/Optimism)
4) The capacity to understand what the other person is
experiencing is ________ (Sympathy/Empathy/Emotion)
5) Life ________ indicates a life full of stress and anxiety. (Below
zero/ At zero/ Above zero)
6) _______ refers to the ability to handle adverse situations
effectively. (Coping/ Competence/ Confidence)
7) ________ helps us to focus on the ‘Here and Now’ effectively.
(Mindfulness/ Mindlessness/Optimism) 8) _______ is the key to
most successful relationships. (Resilience/ Mindfulness/ Empathy)

Q.1.B. Match the following pairs:

A B
1.Resilience (d) a.Positive aspects of life
2.Mindfulness © b.Increase optimism
3.Positive psychology (a) c.State of awareness
4.Happiness (b) d.Overcome hurdles
 Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’

1.Seligman (e) a.Broaden and Build

Theory
2.Fredrickson (a) b.Empathy

3.Masten (d) c. Mindfulness

4.Baron – Cohen (b) d.State of awareness

e. Optimism

Q.1.C. State whether the following statements are true or false:

1) Negative events easily attract our attention compared to positive
ones. True
2) Positive psychology focuses on life at and below zero.
3) A positive frame of mind effectively builds our social and
psychological resources.
4) There are subjective differences in the experience of happiness.
5) We must always choose very easy goals in order to experience
happiness.
6) Most pessimists perceive difficulties as challenges/opportunities.
7) Empathy and sympathy are synonymous.
8) Brain damage can diminish a person’s ability to empathise.

Q.1.D. Answer the following in one sentence each:

1) What does positive psychology focus on?
2) What does ‘life below zero’ indicate?
3) How does an optimist view challenges and difficulties?
4) What does mindlessness mean?
5) What is psychological resilience?
6) Who gave the Broaden and Build theory?
Q. 2. Answer the following questions in 25 – 30 words each: (2
marks)
1) Explain the theories of happiness?
2) What is mindfulness?
3) What is resilience?
4) Why is positive psychology considered significant today?
5) What are the characteristics of optimists?
6) How can empathy be nurtured?
7) What is optimism?
8) Explain the 7 Cs of Resilience.
7) Explain the Broaden and Build theory.

Q.3. Write short notes on the following in 50 to 60 words: (3 marks)

1) Life above zero
2) Determinants of happiness
3) Characteristics of an optimist
4) Methods to promote empathy 5) Components of empathy.
6) What are the essential building blocks of resilience?
7) Types of resilience.

Please note: The questions given below for Question 4 are only a
sample of what you can get in the Board exam.

Q.4 Write answers to the questions based on the following

examples: (2mks)
1) Aakash immediately decided to distribute food packets to the
earthquake victims. Identify the element of empathy shown by
Aakash.
2) Despite having lost her job, Nina is hopeful and confident that the
situation will change for the better in the future. Identify the positive
emotion in this case.
3) Rita is cooking a meal, but is not concentrating on what she is
doing and has little awareness of what is happening around her.
Her mind is occupied with the argument that she had a little while
ago. Identify this aspect of human behaviour.
4) Mahesh studies so attentively that he never gets distracted.
Identify the positive aspect of behaviour displayed here.
5) Sujata lost her hands in an accident. Now she has learnt to write
with her leg. Identify the positive aspect of behaviour displayed
here.
6) Vasanta’s daughter died of cancer. He has opened a
rehabilitation centre for cancer patients. Identify the positive aspect
of behaviour displayed here.
7) Reena recovered from an accidently quickly. Which type of
resilience did Reena show?

Q.5. Explain the following concepts in 25 – 30 words: (2 marks)

1) Positive psychology
2) Half glass full and half glass empty
3) Empathy
4) Mindfulness
5) Social resilience
6) Broaden and Build theory.
7) Mindfulness meditation.

Q.6. Answer Any 2 the following questions in 150 to 200 words: (10
marks)
THERE WILL BE NO 5 MARK QUESTION FROM THIS
CHAPTER

Q.7. Answer the following questions 150 – 200 words: (10 marks)

THERE WILL BE NO 10 MARK QUESTION FROM THIS

CHAPTER

_______________________**********________________________
 St.Andrew’s College of Arts, Science and Commerce
Bandra (West), Mumbai – 50
XII STD ‘At Home’ Preliminary Examination Jan/Feb 2022

PSYCHOLOGY

DIV: ARTS/SC. DATE: 02 / 02 / 2022

DURATION: 3 HRS. MAX. MARKS: 80

Kindly read the instructions carefully and follow them strictly.

1 All questions are compulsory
2 Figures to the right indicate maximum/full marks.
3 Attempt a new question on a new page.
4 Answer your Prelim paper on a A4 size ruled sheet and a good blue/black pen.
5 Staple or tie the sheets together before submitting.
6 Submission date 4th February 2022, at 11 am class F-4
7 Write your Full Name, Roll Number, Class and Division on the paper as mentioned
below
No hall ticket will be issued to students not submitting the Prelim Answer Book.

Name: ____________________________________ Class : SYJC

Roll No: ________________ Division: ________

Q.1 (A) Complete the following statements by selecting the appropriate words given in
the brackets: (5 marks)
i ______ is widely known as the first school of thought in Psychology.
(Functionalism/Structuralism/Behaviourism)
ii _____ is the Father of Intelligence tests. (Binet, Weschler, Gardner)
iii The belief that good things will happen is called as ______
(Pessimism/Resilience/Optimism)
iv According to the _____ theory, we experience physiological
arousal and feelings simultaneously and independently.
(James – Lange/Cannon – Bard/Schacter – Singer)
v ______ means the ability to see and accept facts as they are and not as we wish
them to be. (Predictability/Replication/Objectivity)
Q. 1(B) Match the pairs: (5 marks)
A B
a) Rational Emotive Behavioural 1) Morgan and Murray
Therapy
b) ‘g’ and ‘s’ factor 2) B.F. Skinner
c) Co-founder of MHFA 3) Ivan Pavlov
programme
d) T.A.T 4) Anthony Jorm
e) Learning by Operant 5) Albert Ellis
Conditioning
6) Spearman

Q. 1(C) State whether the following statements are true or false: (5 marks)

i Type theories are highly reliable and explain complexity of personality.

ii In negative correlation both the variables change in the same direction.
iii Top-down processing is influenced by the context in which the information
occurs.
iv Emotional wellbeing is not easily observable.
v Most schizophrenics suffer from delusions and hallucinations.

Q. 1(D) Answer the following questions in one sentence: (5 marks)

i What is the objective of MHFA?

ii Which school of thought gave importance to the study of the unconscious
mind?
iii How can intelligence tests be categorised on the basis of administration
procedure?
iv What does ‘life below zero’ indicate?
v What is the literal meaning of the Latin word “persona”?

Q. No. 2 Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words: (Any 5) (10 marks)

i What is an independent variable?

ii What is the influence of peer group on personality?
iii Describe the term Mental Health First Aid.
iv Explain the term facial feedback hypothesis.
v What are the stigmas attached to mental illness?
 vi What is mindfulness?
vii What is resilience?

Q. No. 3 Write short notes on the following topics in 50 to 60 words: (Any 4) (12 Marks)

i Types of Correlation.
ii Laws of perceptual organization.
iii Physiological changes during emotions.
iv Discuss the red flags indicating the need for psychological help
v Four C’s to identify excessive internet usage.
vi Survey Method

Q. No. 4 Write answers to the questions based on the following examples: (Any 4) (8 marks)

i The more alcohol one consumes, the less judgement one has. What type of
correlation is this?
ii An individual who is at a risk of being diagnosed with a mental disorder is
scared of being judged, labelled and ostracized. What is this fear of?
iii An author who has been trying to think of an interesting story to write since a
while, suddenly gets a brainwave. What stage of creative thinking is this?
iv Sunil insults his classmate in front of everyone without any reason. What kind
of emotional abuse is this?
v Andy experiences feelings of unhappiness but has no apparent mental illness.
According to Illness Wellness Continuum Model, he will be in which number
Quadrant?
vi Sakshi expressed her fears and anxieties about her husband's cancer to Seema.
Seema tried to reassure her. Identify the steps in the ALGEE model taken by
Seema to provide mental health first aid.

Q. 5 Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words. (Any 5) (10 marks)

i Intelligence
ii Sentence Completion test.
iii Phobia
iv Half glass full and half glass empty
v Empathy
vi Learning
vii Positive psychology
Q. 6 Answer Any 2 of the following questions in 80 to 100 words each with the help of
the given points: (10 marks)

Q1.Explain the various aspects of attention with suitable examples:

i. Span of attention
ii. Distraction of attention
iii. Division of attention
iv. Fluctuation of attention

Q2. Explain the following theories of emotion:

i. James - Lange theory
ii. Cannon - Bard theory
iii. Schachter – Singer theory

Q3. Discuss the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia:

i. Hallucinations
ii. Delusions
iii. Disorganized speech and lose of association
iv. Incongruent affect

Q. 7 Answer Any 1 of the following questions in 150 to 200 words. (10 Marks)

i. Discuss the types of Intelligence tests in detail.

ii. Explain the factors influencing Personality.

_____________________________*******************__________________________
 ST. ANDREWS COLLEGE, BANDRA (W), MUMBAI - 50

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION – JANUARY 2023

PSYCHOLOGY (48)

CLASS: XII ARTS /SCIENCE DATE: 09/ 01/ 2023

DURATION: 3 Hours MAX. MARKS: 80

TOTAL NO OF PAGES: 04

Instructions:
(1) All questions are compulsory
(2) Figures to the right indicate maximum/full marks.
(3) Attempt a new question on a new page.
Q.1 (A) Complete the following statements by selecting the appropriate words
given in the brackets: (5)
(i) The ability to see and accept the facts as they are and not as the investigator
wishes them to be is ______________.
a) Replication b) Predictability c) Objectivity
(ii) _________ revised the Binet-Simon intelligence scale.
a) Paul Broca b) Lewis Therman c) Robert Yerks
(iii) 16 Personality factor is a ____________ test.
a) Self-report b) Projective test c) Intelligence test
(iv) The experiment of learning by cognitive processes demonstrated that
learning may take place in the _________.
a) classroom b) mind c) environment
(v) __________ abuse is one of the hardest forms of abuse to recognize.
a) emotional b) physical c) Social
Q. 1(B) Match the pairs: (5)
A B
a) Emergence of behaviorism 1) Urge to take action
b) TAT 2) Ordinary magic
c) Connation level 3) MHFA course
d) Betty Kitchener 4) Bipolar disorder
e) Resilience 5) Rejected unconscious mind
6) Morgan and Murray

Page 1|4
Q. 1(C) Write whether the following statements are true or false: (5)
(i) Case study is a quantitative research method.
(ii) Intensity of the stimuli may distract attention.
(iii) The emotional Centre of the brain is the limbic system.
(iv) The idea of first aid in mental health is to look at your friends/family as a
Substitute.
(v) One can nurture empathy through decreasing social interaction.

Q. 1(D) Answer the following questions in one sentence: (5)

(i) Which method is the most objective method of collecting data?

(ii) Which gland plays an important role in shaping personality?
(iii) Name the psychologist who gave the theory of learning by observation.
(iv) What does the term Schizophrenia mean?
(v) Name the theory of positive psychology given by Barbara Frederickson.

Q. No. 2 Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words: (Any 5) (10)

(i) What is mindfulness meditation and how can this technique be practiced?
(ii) What are the advantages of individual tests of Intelligence?
(iii) Explain in your words how does family affect personality?
(iv) Explain the law of similarity in perception.
(v) Describe the physiological changes during Emotions.
(vi) Explain how one must listen non judgmentally.
(vii) Explain any two components of Empathy.

Q. No. 3 Write short notes on the following topics in 50 to 60 words: (Any 4) (12)

(i) Types of correlation

(ii) Post Traumatic stress disorder
(iii) Self assessment of internet access using four C’s.
(iv) Signals that indicate need for professional help
(v) Observation method
(vi) Symptoms of Addictive disorders and Alcoholic anonymous

Page 2|4
Q. No. 4 Write answers to the questions based on the following examples: (Any 4)
(8)

(i)Ram’s mental age is 14 years and Chronological age is 14 years.What is his

I.Q ?

(ii) Seema had good friends, yet she found herself experiencing anger, anxiety and
felt depressed most of the time. Identify the trait perspective from the Big Five
factor model.

(iii)While studying Joseph started singing a song played in the next room. Name
the aspect of attention.

(iv)To maintain emotional wellbeing Suraj volunteers at the nearby N.G.O and
thereby develops gratitude. Which technique is used here to maintain emotional
wellbeing?

(v) Asha browses the online shopping sites throughout the day leaving her no time
for essential duties. What kind of an addiction does she have?

(vi) Jaya does not think that failing in one exam indicates that she is going to be a
total failure in her entire life. What is the positive aspect of her behaviour?

Q. No. 5 Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words. (Any 5) (10)

(i) Experimental method

(ii) Non Verbal tests of Intelligence

(iii)Fluctuation of attention

(iv)Higher cognitive emotions

(v) Phobia

(vi)Community Resilience

(vii)Self direction- a characteristic of a rational person

Page 3|4
Q. No. 6 Answer Any 2 of the following questions in 80 to 100 words each with
the help of the given points: (10)

(1) Explain the steps in Problem solving.

(i)Defining the problem (ii)Generating alternative solutions
(iii) Selecting a solution (iv)Implementing the follow up on the
solution

(2) Explain the Reassess approach of Anger Management.

(i)Take complete responsibility for your emotions (ii)Developing

Empathy (iii)Using Compassion (iv)Conduct a reality check

(3) Explain the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia.

(i)Hallucinations (ii)Delusions (iii)Disorganised behaviour

(iv)Incongruent affect

Q. No.7 Answer Any 1 of the following questions in 150 to 200 words. (10)

(1) Explain the new trends in Intelligence.

(2) Define Personality. Explain the projective methods of measurement of

personality.

____________________________END__________________________________

Page 4|4
A consolidated syllabus preparation for Psychology theory paper of 80 marks.
This is just a guideline to help you prepare for the prescribed syllabus.For
good results you must put in added effort to research and write better content
and add more value to your answers.

Following topics should be studied well from the text book.

Chapter 1

1. What are the key features of science.Explain

Ans: Pg 2
● Empirical evidence- Acquiring information through direct
observation or experimentation
● Objectivity-Ability to see and accept the facts as they are and not
as the investigator might wish them to be.
● Systematic exploration-Systematic steps( Identification of the
problem,hypothesis,collection and analysis of facts etc)
● Replication-Reproducibility
● Predictability-Attempt to explain and make predictions.

2. History of Psychology as a Science. Pg 3

● Psychology began as a branch of philosophy until 1870
● Psychology emerges as a separate discipline in 1879-Wilhelm
Wundt established the world’s first lab in 1879 in Germany.
● Emergence of Structuralism- method of introspection was used to
study conscious experiences
● Emergence of Functionalism-William James known as the Father
of American Psychology emphasised on the study of human
consciousness.
● Emergence of Psychoanalysis- Sigmund Frued studied the
unconscious mind.
● Emergence of Behaviourism- John B watson focused on
psychology as study of observed behaviour.
 ● Emergence of Humanistic Psychology-Carl Rogers emphasised
on free will,self determination and self actualisation

● Emergence of Cognitivism - Ulric Neisser Studied higher mental

processes like memory,decision making problem solving etc.

3. Explain the various Research methods in Psychology

1. Experimental Psychology- Pg 4 Experimenter conducts

experiments using following steps.
● Identifying problem
● Developing Hypothesis
● Selecting an experimental design
● Collecting data
● Analysing data
● Drawing conclusions

Features of Experimental method- Objective method,Accurate observations in

controlled settings,Finds out cause -effect relationship,findings are verifiable.

2. Survey method- To collect data from pre-defined group.It uses

questionnaires,checklists,rating scales etc.Eg Telephonic
interview,direct interaction with consumers. Pg 5

3. Observation method-Behaviour is observed in a natural

( Naturalistic observation) or lab setting ( Controlled observation)
4. Case study method- qualitative research method. Sigmund and
Jean Piaget used this method.Follows an indepth look at
individual or group.It is considered scientific because it suggests
hypothesis for further studies.Case of Anna O pg 6 played an
important role in psychoanalysis field.

4.What are the types of correlation? Pg 7

Ans. A statistical tool to measure the relationship between two or
more variables.The correlation coefficient ranges between -1.00
to + 1.00
 ● Positive Correlation- Both variables increase or decrease at
the same time ranges from 0 to +1
● Negative correlation- An increase in one variable is
associated with a decrease in another and vice versa
ranges from 0 to -1.00.
● Zero Correlation- Any change in one variable brings no
significant change in other variables coefficient found to be
zero.

5. Dr Albert Ellis proposed Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy

gave the following characteristics for rational people. Pg 9

● Understanding self interest and others interest

without violating others rights.
● Self direction
● Tolerance
● Flexiblility
● Self acceptance and self responsibility
______________________________________________________________

Chapter 2

1. Define Intelligence - Pg 13 According to David Wechler- Intelligence is

the aggregate or global capacity of an individual to act purposefully, to
think rationally, and deal effectively with his environment.

2. Explain the two perspectives of Intelligence Pg 13

● Intelligence as a single general ability-functions of intelligence
takes different forms but its the same ability.
● Intelligence as a set of multiple abilities- Multiple abilities are
involved in intelligence as given by the following theories
E.L Thorndike - Three independent abilities which are
● Abstract Intelligence
● Social Intelligence
● Concrete Intelligence
Louis Thurstone : Seven primary abilities
● Verbal comprehension
● Word fluency
● Number facility
● Spatial visualisation
 ● Associative memory
● Perceptual speed
● Reasoning

Charles Spearman :
● General Factor-Minimum competence
required to do daily work.
● Specific Factor- Abilities to solve problems
in specific areas
Raymond Catell John Horn
● Fluid Intelligence- dependant on
neurological development
● Crystallised Intelligence - depends on
education level,experiences and knowledge
gained.
Howard Gardner: Nine independent intelligences develop
differently in different people depending on heredity and
environmental factors.
● Linguistic intelligence
● Logical mathematical intelligence
● Spatial intelligence
● Musical intelligence
● Interpersonal intelligence
● Bodily Kinesthetic intelligence
● Intra personal intelligence
● Naturalistic intelligence
● Existential intelligence

3.Explain the history of measurement of intelligence

Ans : Pg 14 and 15.
● Paul Broca and Francis Galton were the scientists who first
thought of measuring intelligence
● In 18 th century Galton designed a battery of tests to
measure head size,reaction time,visual accuracy,auditory
threshold etc as he though size of the skull would
determine intelligence.
● In 1980 Raymond Catell had established labs and used the
term mental test first time. He shared similar thoughts with
Galton that standardised tests are essential so that persons
can be compared from time to time.
 ● The Binet Simon intelligence scale was created in the
twentieth century
● First scale was published in 1905 hence called the father of
intelligence tests. This scale eas revised in 1908 and 1911
● Lewis Therman revised Binet simon scale in 1916 by
adding some items ,deleting and extending age limit calling
it as stanford binet test which was then revised in
1937,1960,1972.1986,2004.
● During the First world war in 1917 Robert yerks and his
collegues made the Army alpha and Army beta tests ti
recruit soldiers.
● In 1939 duringthe second world war the Army general
classification test was used on a large scale.
● David wechler in 1939 published Wechler- Bellevue
intelligence scale.
● This revised scale was renamed as Wechler adult
intelligence scale(WAIS) and for children WISC

4.Explain the concept of Mental age and Intelligence quotient. Pg 15

Ans : Mental Age:

● Introduced by Alfred Binet
● Defined as the age at which individual performs successfully on
all items on the test prepared for that age.
● Explain the table pg 15

Intelligence quotient
● Introduced by William stern in 1912
● Intelligence quotient = Mental age (MA)
_______________ X100
Chronological age (CA)

Explain the table on pg 15

5. What are the types of Intelligence tests:

I Based on methods of administration
● Individual test of intelligence
● Group test of intelligence
II Based on materials used.
● Verbal test of intelligence
 ● Non verbal test of intelligence

Individual Tests of Intelligence- tests that can be administered ona single

person at a time.
Examples: Binet scale,Wechler scale,Dr.Bhatias performance test,kohs block
design,Arthur point etc .
Advantages:
● Rapport with client
● Can get more information of client’s feelings, moods and expressions.
● Capable of measuring creative thinking.
Disadvantages:
● Time consuming and costly
● Require a trained skillful examiner

Group tests of Intelligence- tests that can be administered to more than one
person at a time.
Example: Army alpha, Army general classification test,Ravens standard
progressive matrices etc
Advantages:
● Less time consuming
● Economical
● Dont require skilled examiner

Disadvantages:
● Less rapport with client
● Less capable of measuring creativity.

Verbal tests- tests that use language or numbers.

Example: Army Alpha,Wechsler test etc

Advantages:
● Can measure higher mental abilities
● Can differentiate between people of varied levels of intelligence.

Disadvantages:
● Cannot be given to people with different linguistic background, illiterates
and small children.
● Culture bound tests.
 Non Verbal tests of intelligence: Tests that use pictures,designs material
objects etc .
Examples: Performance tests,Paper pencil tests,Koh’s block design
test,Alexander’s pass-along test,Merill palmer block building
test,Dr.Bhatias block building test of intelligence.
Advantages:
● Not culture bound,can be given to illiterates and small children.
● To measure differently abled
Disadvantages:
● Less suitable to measure higher and subtle mental abilities
● Cannot differentiate between people of high and average
intelligence.

6. Give the applications of Intelligence testing in the following areas.

➔ Effective schooling- helps teachers to identify weak students,provide
differentiated learning etc.
➔ Mental health aiding- clinicians can diagnose,predict and accordingly
prepare the patient for therapies and rehabilitation.
➔ Effective parenting- Iq test scores can help parents understand their
children and provide the right support needed.
➔ Career Counselling-Choice of career can be based on ones IQ and
related abilities thereby facilitating the individual to progress well in life.
➔ Vocational counselling- Helps to choose the right vocation reducing
demotivation in the long run and improving life satisfaction.

7. Explain the New Trends in Intelligence

❖ Social Intelligence - The ability to get along with others and get them to
cooperate with oneself.
Characteristics of people with high social intelligence:
● Good interaction skills
● Skilled at assessing emotions
● Flexible,goal oriented, persistent,self confident
● Negotiators,resolve conflicts and enhance relationships.

❖ Emotional Intelligence - The ability to perceive and monitor one’s own

and others emotions.
It consists of the following cognitive abilities:
 ● Perceiving emotions
● Using emotions
● Understanding emotions
● Managing emotions
❖ Artificial Intelligence - Enabling machines or softwares to learn and think
through experiences just like human beings.
AI can make decisions only based on stored information. It is used in
● Speech recognition
● Medical diagnosing
● Weather forecasting

Chapter 3

Personality

1. Define Personality- According to Gordon Allport “ Personality is the

dynamic organisation within the individual of those psychophysical
systems that determines his unique adjustments to the environment.”

2. Explain the factors affecting Personality.

● Heredity- Characteristics inherited from parents that can affect
physical and mental makeup of a person. Eh Height , weight etc
● Endocrine glands- Over Secretion of hormones like thyroxine
leads to nervous tension,irritability etc.
● Family-Structure of the family,socio-economic status,emotional
,academic and cultural environment,child rearing practices etc
affect personality
● Peer Group-Peers may influence positively and negatively.Good
peers may lead to motivation and career development whereas
bad peer groups may lead to harmful and destructive habits.
● School- Teaching learning process ,academic activities and
co-curricular facilities at school shape a student. Rapport with
teachers,discipline ,policies etc impact the lives of students.
● Mass Media - It can help a student to update knowledge, socialise
and be relevant in society.It can also adversely affect in the form
of addiction to viewing content causing disconnect with the
world,sleep deprivation and poor academic performance.
● Culture - Values, beliefs,norms influence thoughts feelings and
behaviour patterns of an individual.
3. What are the Perspectives of studying personality?

Ans
● Pyschoanalytical perspective- Emphasis on early childhood
experiences and unconscious mind in the development of
personality
● Humanistic perspective- Emphasis on free will and psychological
growth in personality development
● Trait Perspective- every individual is unique because of different
traits
● Type perspective- Every individual has different personality type
based on temperament and mental characteristics.
● Socio-Cognitive perspective - Emphasis on observational learning
and cognitive processes

4. Theories of Personality
Carl -Jung’s theory of personality
Ans- Based on type perspective
● Introverts-Those who looks within themselves for stimulation
● Extroverts - Those aroused external environment
Allport’s theory of personality- Based on trait perspective
● Cardinal trait- Person is known specifically for this trait
Ex. Mahatma Gandhi for truthfulness
● Central trait- Generally described characteristics of a person like
sociable,confident honest etc.
● Secondary traits - These traits appear only in specific situations.
Example getting angry,anxious when in queue etc

5. Explain the big five factor model of personality or OCEAN model.

● Robert McCrae and Paul Costaexplained five major factors of
personality.
● Openness to experience- Those who appreciate art , emotion ,
adventure,have unusual ideas,curious and creative.
● Conscientiousness- Tendency to display self discipline. They are
well organised,responsible,dependable,hardworking etc.
● Extroversion - These create energy from external means..They
are talkative,enthusiastic,open minded etc.
 ● Agreeableness- it is the ability of a person to get along with
others.The are kind ,loving,friendly and cooperative.
● Neuroticism- It is the tendency to experience negative feelings.
Such ones are anxious,depressed,irritable,fearful,impulsive and
angry.

Pl note students- you must also mention the opposite of all the
above mentioned traits to explain when a person is low on the
ocean characteristics too. Above mentioned answer contains
when a person is high on the particular trait. Refer text book if u
dont know the opposite. pg 28

6. Explain the methods of measuring personality pg 30 plz read

1.Behavioural analysis-
● Interview- Structured Interview
-Unstructured Interview
● Observation- Naturalistic and Lab
-Participant and non participant
2. Self report measures- learn examples here
3. Projective methods - Rorschach ink blot
- Thematic apperception
- Sentence completion
Chapter 4

Cognitive Processes

1. Define Attention- According to Guilford- Attention is the process of

focusing on one or few objects persons and situations from among
many from the field of awareness.

2. What are the various aspects of attention?

1. Span of attention- Total number of stimuli that we can become

clearly aware of in a single glance.
2. Distraction of attention-After focusing on a specific stimulus
attention drifts towards another stimulus to to some external or
internal stimulus.
 3. Division of attention- When we do two things simultaneously like
one is mechanical activity and the other is a mental activity. Ex
Listening to music while cooking.
4. Fluctuation of attention- Our attention shifts towards other stimuli
for a fraction of time and comes back to original stimulus.

3. What is Perception
Ans : The process of assigning meaning to the information received about the
environment based on past experiences.

4. Explain the phenomenon associated with perception. Pg 36

● Top down processing- The brain uses the context or general knowledge
while perceiving a particular stimulus.
● Bottom up processing- When perceptual experiences are based entirely
on the sensory stimuli and is not influenced by any context in which it
appears.

5. Explain the Laws of perceptual organisation

● Law of Proximity
● Law of similarity
● Law of continuity
● Law of closure

Pl. Note Read the explanation and draw the diagram if this question is asked .

6. What is thinking
Ans Thinking is the mental activity that uses various cognitive elements and
processes that involve manipulation of information,problem solving,reasoning
as well as decision making”

7. What are the core elements of thinking?

● Mental representation
● Concept
● Schema
● Language
Pl read pg 37 for explanation. You must understand and know the difference
between the core elements…what they mean.

8.What are the types of thinking

➢ Problem Solving
● Defining the problem
● Generating alternative solutions
● Selecting a solution
● Implementing and follow up on the solution
➢ Creative thinking-Sequential stages
● Preparation
● Incubation
● Illumination
● Verification

This can also come for 2 marks also by asking any one type of thinking.

9. What is Learning?
● Permanently relative change
● Through practice
● By experience
● Temporary changes are not considered as learning

10. Explain the various processes of learning.

❖ Learning by classical conditioning

❖ Learning by operant conditioning
❖ Learning by cognitive processes
❖ Learning by assimilation and accumulation
❖ Learning by observation

Any of the processes can be asked with explanation pg 40 and 41

Chapter 5

Emotions

1. What is Emotion
Ans A combination of bodily arousal expressive behaviours,thoughts
and feelings.

2. Explain the historical theories of emotion

● James - Langes theory - Emotions are experienced because of
physiological arousal.
● Cannon - Bard theory - We experience physiological arousal
simultaneously yet separately.
● Schachter and Singer’s Two factor theory- Our physiological
arousal will interact with our thinking processes and after that we
will experience emotions.
3. What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
Ans. Our facial expressions provide feedback to our brain concerning
our emotions which means smiling frequently over a period of time can
actually make us happy.

4. Identify and explain some of the basic emotions. Pg 47

❖ Happiness
❖ Sadness
❖ Anger
❖ Fear
❖ Surprise
❖ Disgust

5. Explain Plutchik’s model with the diagram

● There are 8 basic emotions ( mention them)pg 47

● The wheel depicts the relationships between the emotions.
● As we go outwards the intensity of emotions decreases and vice
versa
● Darker the shade more intense the emotion.
 ● Emotions with no colour depicts combination of two primary
emotions
● Emotions are complex and we experience them most often.
● Emotions that are not attended to can cause psychological
disorders ultimately causing imbalance in a persons life.

6. Explain the physiological changes that take place during emotions.

● At the cognitive level- Pupil dilates ,faster heart beat,sweating etc
● At the emotional level - fear causing fight or flight reaction
● Connation level - Action plan like running, calling for help etc

7. How do we achieve emotional well-being

● Physical-Exercise and nutritious diet
● Emotional - Practising mindfulness and staying connected
● Social- Building meaningful relationships,volunteering and engaging in
pro social acts.

8. What are the benefits of emotional well-being? Pg 50

● Coping with stress
● Better self regulation
● Increases productivity
● Increases creativity
● Life satisfaction

9. What is emotional Abuse.

Ans Emotional abuse is the weapon of choice to control the other person.It is
the hardest form of abuse to recognise.It damages the self esteem and self
worth of a person.

Types of emotional abuse

● Verbal abuse
● Non verbal abuse

Read pg 52 how to deal with emotional abuse. Also refer to the short notes in
exercise and prepare for each of them accordingly.

10.Suggest strategies for anger management.

❖ Relaxation and connection with the inner self.
❖ Reassess (Feelings thermometer)
● Take complete responsibility for your emotion
 ● Developing empathy
● Using compassion
● Conduct a reality check

❖ Respond
● Consult
● Engage talks with the other party
● Active listening
● Speak assertively
● Cage your rage

Chapter 6

Psychological Disorder

1. Explain the nature of Psychological disorders reaf pg 62

Ans - Stage 1 - Individuals who are positive and functioning well
Stage 2- Individuals who are neutral but reactive
Stage 3 Signs of psychological damage and moderately ill
Stage 4 Clear signs of major psychological disorder

2. What is the criteria for psychological disorder? 63

● Clinically significant syndrome- like certain symptoms or patterns
of behaviour that occur in a particular order
● Distress and impairment-Inability to perform appropriates duties
● Dysfunction - symptoms that lead to a underlying
psychological,biological or developmental dysfunction.
● Deviant behaviour

3. Define mental wellness pg 65

According to WHO A state of wellbeing in which the individual realises
his/ her own abilities,can cpe with the normal stressors of life,can work
productively and fruitfully and is able to make contributions to his /her
own community.

4. What are the aspects of mental wellness pg 66

● Emotional aspect
● Psychological aspect
● Life philosophy
Pl Note - Here you must be able to draw the four quadnats diagram and name
them if illness welllness continum is asked. Pg 66

5. How are mental disorders classified?

➢ Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (DSM)
➢ International classification of diseases and related health
problems(ICD)

6. Explain some of the main psychological disorders.

PLz read pg 68 onwards. Make bullet points for each disorder.
➢ Anxiety Disorders
● Generalised anxiety disorders
● Phobic disorders
➢ Depressive disorders
➢ Bipolar disorder
➢ Trauma and stress related disorder
● Acute stress disorder
● Post traumatic stress disorder
➢ Substance - related and addictive disorders
Here read about Alcoholic anonymous
➢ Schizophrenia
● Positive symptoms
➔ Hallucinations
➔ Delusions
➔ Disorganised speech and loosening of association
➔ Disorganised behaviour
➔ Incongruent affect
● Negative symptoms
➔ Diminished emotional expression
➔ Lack of initiative or enthusiasm
➔ Diminished and reduced speech
➔ Anhedonia( no deep positive emotion)
➔ Asocial and Apathy
 7. What are the signals that indicate need for professional help?
➔ Inability to concentrate
➔ Inability to sleep
➔ Physical complications
➔ Uncontrollable frequent bad thoughts
➔ Intense negative feelings
➔ Severe confusion
➔ Memory loss
➔ Loss of interest in family and friends
➔ Irrational statements
➔ Self harm and self neglect.

Chapter 7

First aid in mental health

1. What are some of the reasons why first aid in mental health is required?
● Stigma associated with mental illness
➔ personal blame
➔ Thinking that it is a punishment for sins
➔ Thinking that person is intentionally behaving
● Shame
● People do not always know how to respond
● People with mental illness do not always seek help
➔ Culture
➔ Advise from elders
➔ superstitions
2. How does it help to recognise early signs?
● Diagnosis can help illness from developing
● Interevention
● Relapse prevention

3. Explain ALGEE method . read pg 82 and explain with examples

● Approach assess and assist in crisis
● Listen non judgmentally
● Give support information
● Encourage appropriate professional help
 ● Encourage self help and other strategies.

4. How can we give first aid in the following cases?

● Depression
● Anxiety
Any of them can be asked

5. Write short notes on internet and social media usage pg 92

6. What are the signs to show that one is using internet excessively?
7. What are some of the red flags for over dependance on the internet)

Pl Note Pg 92 and 93 should be read and answered incase if asked as per the
question.

Chapter 8

Positive Psychology

1. Define Positive Psychology

Ans. Positive psychology is the scientific study of what makes life worth
living

2 Explain the concept of Life above zero

Ans.
● Zero is the line that divides illness from health and unhappiness from
happiness.
● Life below zero indicates a life of stress,problems,physical and mental
diseases,unhealthy social relations and all other factors that influence
our life negatively.
● Life above zero indicates positive aspects of human behaviour like
happiness,optimism,hope,trust character,strength,
compassion,empathy, mindfulness,resilience etc.
● The positive deviations are on the upper section of the number line and
negative deviations are on the lower section of the number.Whatever is
near zero that -1 to + 1 indicating neutral characteristics.
● The concept of life above zero is explained through a continuum.
Draw the diagram on pg 97 here.
3. State and explain Broaden and build theory.
Ans. According to Barbara Fredrickson, positive emotions are a way to
welcome positive things in our life.When we are happy we experience
positive emotions which will lead us to more positive thoughts.This will in
turn reflect in our behaviour.
Give example as in pg 97/ 98

4. What is Happiness?
A positive emotional state that is subjective for each person.

5.Explain the theories of happiness.

❖ Need /goal based theory- We are happy because we have reached our
goals. Ex. The child was happy as she got her favourite toy.
❖ Process/activity theory - Engaging in a particular activity brings
happiness. Ex - Teacher was happy after she interacted with her
students in a meaningful conversation through a seminar presentation.
❖ Genetic /personality theories - Genes and personality characteristics are
involved in the experience of happiness. Example- A wife who is always
happy despite troubles in her life.

6. What are the determinants of happiness?

● Strong and intimate social relationships
● Optimism
● Self esteem
● Achieving challenging goals
● Perceiving meaning in life.
● Perspective of looking at the world as an opportunity rather than a
threat.

7. What is Optimism?
Optimism is a mental attitude that includes feelings of hopelessness and a
belief that the future will be positive,favourable and desirable and that
negative events are temporary setbacks to be overcome.

There are two components to optimism-feeling and thinking.

8 Give the differences between optimist versus pessimist

Pg 100
 9.What is Empathy
Empathy is the capacity to understand and feel what another person is
experiencing from within their frame of reference. Or in other words the
capacity to place oneself in another’s position.

10. What are the components of Empathy?

● Cognitive empathy- Knowing how the person feels and what they might
be thinking.
● Emotional reactivity- Directly feeling the emotions that another person is
feeling
● Social Skills -How easily individuals engage with others.
Read pg 101 for explanation

11. How can empathy be nurtured?

● Increase social interactions
● Connecting through similarities
● Ask yourself what you are feeling
● Challenge yourself
● Cultivate your sense of curiosity
● Widen your circle.

12. What is Mindfulness

Mindfulness is a state of awareness.It is the basic human ability to be fully
present,aware of where we are and what we are doing,not be overly reactive
or overwhelmed by what’s going on around us. It helps to focus on the here
and now. It means living in the present and be fully engaged in the task that
you are performing. We are aware of each moment of our thoughts ,feelings
and sensations.

13. What is mindlessness

Performing a task with less concentration and little awareness of what is
going on in the present moment. Read pg 103

14 What is mindfulness meditation? Explain the techniques to practise .

Mindfulness meditation involves opening or becoming more alert to the
continuous passing stream of thoughts, images ,emotions and sensations
without identifying oneself with them.The person becomes alert to the entire
field of consciousness.
Steps to practice the technique.
● Sit in a comfortable position with eyes closed.
● Focus on your breath
● Do not try to stop ur thoughts rather focus on your breath.
Benefits : Helps to reduce anxiety,stress and frustration and enhances mental
wellbeing and happiness.

15. What is Resilience

Resilience is the act of bouncing back or resisting cracking under pressure.

16 What are the building blocks of resilience.

● Competence- Ability to know how to handle a situation
● Confidence - Strong belief in one’s own abilities
● Connection - with people and communities gives security
● Character- Clear sense of right and wrong and commitment to integrity
● Contribution - sense of purpose leading to psychological well-being
● Coping- helps to overcome life’s challenges
● Control - when u know u can control outcomes u know u can bounce
back.

17. What are the types of Resilience

❖ Psychological Resilience - ability to mentally withstand or adapt to
uncertainty,challenges and adversity.
❖ Emotional Resilience - The ability to cope emotionally with stress
and diversity
❖ Physical Resilience - Body’s ability to adapt to
challenges,maintain the stamina and strength,recover quickly and
efficiently
❖ Community Resilience - ability of groups of people to respond to
and recover from adverse situations like natural
disasters,economic hardships etc.

______________________________________________________________
Paper pattern and relevant questions addressed as per weightage of marks.

Frequently asked TEN mark questions under Q.No 7

In this section only questions from CH 2 and Ch 3 will be asked ,one question
each . Both questions are based on understanding.

1. Write in detail about the history of Intelligence testing.

Ans -Paul Broca and Sir Francil Galton- First scientists to think about
measuring intelligence - Galton administered a battery of tests
measuring head size and other variables.Raymond catell - use of term
mental test for the first time - emphasised that test administration should
be standardised . Alfred Binet and Simon published the first scale of
intelligence in 1905 revised in 1908 and again in 1911.- Terman adapted
and revised Binet Simet intelligence scale in 1916 - revisions in 1937 ,
1972, 1986, and 2004.
1914 - the first world war - Robert yerk’s army alpha and army beta
intelligence test - 1939 - the second world war - Army general
classification test
1939 - David wechsler - Weschler Bellevue intelligence scale - revision
in 1955 and renamed as Weschler adult intelligence scale and fourth
edition was released by Karl pearson in 2008. (Pg 14 to 18) plz read.

2. Explain the various methods of personality measurement. ( pg 28,29,30)

3. Explain the applications of intelligence testing in various areas.(Pg 18)

4. What is meant by personality? Write information about the various tests
based on the projective method of measurement of personality.( Pg 30)
5. Explain some of the New Trends in Intelligence (18,19,20,21)
6. What are the factors shaping Personality (24,25,26)

Please study these mentioned questions without fail. Once you are
thorough with these answers then you can refer to the rest of the
content given in ch 2 and ch 3 for ten marks.

_____________________________________________________
Frequently asked questions for 5 Marks

In this section questions will be asked from ch 4,5 and 6 .

Ch 4 question based on Knowledge
Ch 5 question based on application
Ch 6 again based on knowledge
Let us take a look at the previously asked questions in this section.

1. Explain the stages of creative thinking: ( Pg 38,39)

● Preparation
● Incubation
● Illumination
● Verification

2.Explain Respond approach of anger management:Pg 58

● Consulting a family member
● Engage talks with the other party
● Active listening
● Speaking assertively
● Cage your rage

3. Explain the following positive symptoms of Schizophrenia:

● Hallucinations
● Delusions
● Disorganised speech

4. Explain the benefits enjoyed by a person who is high on emotional

well-being. Pg 51
● Coping with stress
● Better self regulation
● Increased productivity
● Increased creativity

5. Describe the criteria for Psychological disorders-

● Clinically significant syndrome
● Distress and impairment
● Dysfunction
● Behaviour which is just deviant and conflicting with society does
not become a sign of psychological disorder.
Other Possible questions

Ch 4 -
6. Explain the various aspects of attention:
● Span of attention
● Distraction of attention
● Division of attention
● Fluctuation of attention

7. Explain the core elements of thinking: Pg 37

● Mental representation
● Concept
● Schema
● Language

8. Explain the following phenomenon associated with perception: Phg 36

● Top down processing
● Bottom up processing

9.Explain with diagram the following laws of perception:

● Law of proximity
● Law of similarity
● Law of continuity
● Law of closure

10. Explain the following steps in problem solving:

● Defining the problem
● Generating alternative solutions
● Selecting a solution
● Implementation and follow up on the solution.

11. Explain the following processes of learning:

● Learning by classical conditioning
● Learning by operant conditioning
● Learning by cognitive processes
● Learning by assimilation and accommodation
● Learning by observation
Chapter 5

12. Explain the reassess approach to anger with the following points:
( Pg 57,58)
● Take complete responsibility for your emotion
● Develop empathy
● Using compassion
● Conduct a reality check

Chapter 6

13. Explain the nature of psychological disorders:

● Stage 1-Extremely healthy
● Stage 2- Moderately healthy
● Stage 3 - Moderately unhealthy
● Stage 4 - Extremely unhealthy

_____________________________________________________________

Frequently asked questions for 3 marks. This question is from q.No 3

Short notes.

In this section from

Ch 1 - there will 1 question to test the understanding and one question which
is skill based.
Previous questions
1.Types of correlation
2.Experimental method
3.Any three characteristics of rational individual

Possible questions

4. Any of the research methods in psychology (pg 4 to 6 ) can be asked

____________________________________________________________
Chapter 4
Previously asked questions

5. Division of attention
 Here any other aspect of attention can be asked

Possible questions

6. Top down and bottom up processing

7. Any of the processes of learning
______________________________________________________________

Chapter 5
Previous questions
8. Steps to deal with emotional abuse
Possible questions
9. How can we achieve emotional wellbeing ( 50,51)
_____________________________________________________________

Chapter 6
Previous questions

10.Post traumatic stress disorder

11.Bipolar
12.Drug addiction

Possible questions
13. Any of the major psychological disorders can be asked instead of Bipolar
and PTSD
14. Identifying psychological disorders
15. Signals indicating need for professional help

_____________________________________________________________

Chapter 7

Previously asked questions

16. Overdependence on the internet

17. Factors contributing to anxiety

Possible questions
18. ALGEE action plan
19. First aid in depression
20. First aid in anxiety

______________________________________________________________

Kindly refer to the chapter wise 2 marks question pattern mentioned

below and study well

2 (two) mark questions will be asked from the following chapters

Ch 1 , 2,3,5,7,8 These questions will be based on knowledge

Ch 3,6,7,8 Based on understanding
Ch 1,4,6,8 based on application
Ch 2,4,5,7,8 will be skill based questions

______________________________________________________________

1 Mark questions are of objective type. Hence a) Fill in the blanks from the
given alternative, match the following, say true or false and answer in one
sentence will come under this section totalling 20 marks 20 questions

Ch 1 - 4 questions
Ch 2 - 3 questions
Ch 3 - 3 questions
Ch 4 - 2 questions
Ch 5 - 2 questions
Ch 6 - 2 questions
Ch 7 - 2 questions
Ch 8 - 2 questions.

_____________________________________________________________

Important Note:

This guidance material is strictly for guidance purpose . It does not guarantee
questions to appear in the upcoming board paper. Students should make sure
to study all these questions and answers thoroughly from the assigned text
book that you have.Then go on to read the entire text book chapter by chapter
to be confident of the content. This year all portion is included. Hence it is very
important to study every page carefully.

In the exam, make sure you quickly go through the entire paper once before
you begin. Assess your comfort with the questions. Attempt the questions that
you are confident of at the beginning. Do not waste time thinking. There is lot
to write in very less time. Hence if you dont remember any particular answer
,leave space and answer whatever you know first.If you think you know the q.
7 well,then attempt the essay question first and then head on to q. 1. This way
you would have completed the ten mark essay question systematically first.
Essay questions should be presented well beginning with definition/ meaning/
or a brief intro of the concept addressed. Then go on to the body of the
answer. If you wish to you can answer in point form , underline the side points
and explain in paragraph.Close with conclusion/suggestions etc.
Check if you have put the right question nos. Attempt all questions as per
instructions.
Q.no 4 Write answers to the following questions based on the examples only
in words. This is an ABT type patterned question. Hence your answer will
usually be in 1 word, max 2 or as per question asked.

Study hard and you will do well.

God bless you! All the best.
QUESTION BANK FROM CHAPTER 1 TO 8 This question bank is a
guideline to prepare for each chapter.However you must read the
text book and study everything given in the included portion for the
year.Study the exercise questions too.
STUDY WELL
GOD BLESS YOU.

________________________________________________________
Chapter 1: PSYCHOLOGY: A Scientific Discipline
_________________________________________________________

Q.1.A. Choose the correct option and complete the following

statements:

1) Till 1879, psychology was a branch of _______

(Physics/Philosophy/Physiology)

2) Psychology is a ____ science.

(Natural/Social/Biological)

3) Psychology emerged as a separate discipline/attained status of a

science in the year ________ (1879/1897/1887)

4) ______ is considered as the founder of Psychoanalysis.

(Wilhelm Wundt/Carl Rogers/Sigmund Freud)

5) Science is derived from the Latin word _____

(Schema/Scientia/Knowledge)

6) ______ means the ability to see and accept facts as they are and
not as we wish them to be.

(Predictability/Replication/Objectivity)
7) ______ is widely known as the first school of thought in
Psychology.

(Functionalism/Structuralism/Behaviourism)

8) _______ is known as the father of ‘American Psychology’.

(William James/John Watson/Carl Rogers)

9) _____ is the most scientific method of studying behavior.

(Survey Method/Experimental Method/Interview Method)

10) The _______ variable is the effect or result of the experiment.

(Independent/Relevant/Dependent)

11) The _____ variable is the variable whose effect the experimenter
wishes

to find out. (Independent/Relevant/Dependent)

12) In positive correlation, both the variables change in the _____

direction.

(Opposite/Same/Different)

13) _____ means reproducibility of scientific knowledge under the

same

circumstances anywhere and anytime.

(Predictability/Replication/Objectivity)

14) _______ focuses on the study of the unconscious mind.

(Functionalism/Cognitivism/Psychoanalysis)

_______________________________________________________
Q.1.B. Match the following pairs:

GROUP A GROUP B
1 Structuralism a John Watson
2 Functionalism b Carl Rogers
3 Behaviourism c Ulric Neisser
4 Cognitivism d William James
5 Psychoanalysis e Albert Ellis
6 Rational Emotive f Sigmund Freud
Behavioural Therapy
7 g Wilhelm Wundt
_________________________________________________________

Q.1.C. State whether the following statements are true or false:

1) Psychology is a study of mental processes.

2) An experimenter is a person on whom the experiment is being

conducted.

3) Psychology is not an exact science like Physics or Chemistry.

4) In negative correlation both the variables change in the same

direction.

5) Experiments cannot be repeated.

Q.1.D. Answer the following in one sentence each:

1) In which year was the first Psychology laboratory established?

2) Who is considered to be the father of ‘American Psychology’?

3) What is meant by an Experimenter?

4) What is the only difference between the Experimental group and

the Control group?

5) Which Latin word is the word science derived from?

6) Who used the method of Introspection to study conscious

experiences?

7) Which school of thought gave importance to the study of the

unconscious mind?

8) Which school of thought gave importance to the study of the

power of free will and self-actualization?

______________________________________________________

Q.2. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words: (2 marks)

1) What is an independent variable?

2) What is a dependent variable?

3) What is a relevant variable?

_________________________________________________________
Q3. Write short notes on the following topics in 50 – 60 words: (3
marks)

1) Observation Method

2) Survey Method

3) Case Study Method

4) Importance of Rationality.

5) History of Psychology as a science.

6) Types of Correlation.

7) Explain the key features of science.

8) Explain the characteristics of a rational individual.

9) Explain the challenges in establishing psychology as a science.

10) Experimental Method

Q.5. Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words: (2 marks)

1) Replicability

2) Correlation Coefficient

3) Science

4) Survey

5) Correlation

6) Practical Intelligence.

_________________________________________________________
 CHAPTER :2 INTELLIGENCE

_________________________________________________________

Q.1. (A) Choose the correct option and complete the following
statements:

1) _____ has given the formula of I.Q.

(Binet/Stern/Weschler)

2) _____ has given the concepts of fluid intelligence and

crystallized intelligence.

(Cattell/Thorndike/Thurstone)

3) _____ is an individual test of intelligence.

(Army Alpha Test/Army Beta Test/Block Building Test)

4) Acc. To Cattell, intelligence that is dependent on neurological

development is known as _____ intelligence.
(Fluid/Crystallized/Abstract)

5) ______ proposed 7 Primary Abilities of Intelligence.

(Thorndike/Gardener/Thurstone)

6) The average person’s I.Q. is ______ (70,100,150)

7) The Army Alpha test is a ____ test of intelligence. (Verbal- group,

non verbalgroup, verbal individual)

8) The Army Beta test is a ____ test of intelligence.

(Verbal-group, performance-group, performance-individual.

9) ______ proposed the theory of Multiple Intelligence.

(Stern, Binet, Gardner)

10) _____ is the Father of Intelligence tests.

(Binet, Weschler, Gardner)

11) The first test of intelligence by Binet was developed in the year
___

(1905, 1908, 1911)

12) A performance test is also known as a ___ test.

(Group, Verbal, Non verbal)

13) ______ tests are used as means of mass testing.

(Group, individual, non verbal)

14) ______ tests are used to measure the intelligence of illiterate

people. (Group, verbal, performance)

15) _____ type of intelligence test requires knowledge of language.

( Verbal, performance, individual)

16) I.Q of a 10 year old boy having a mental age of 12 years will
be____

(100, 120, 150) 17)

Revision of the Binet scales at the Stanford university were carried

out by ____

(Terman, Stern, Gardner)

18) An 8 year old having a mental age of 10 years has ____

intelligence.

(Average, Above average, Below average)

19) Mentally deficient individuals have an I.Q below ______

(100,120,70)
Q.1.(B) Match the following pairs:

GROUP A GROUP B
1 Alfred Binet a Test which was both
verbal and nonverbal
2 Terman b Seven Primary Abilities
3 Stern c Concept of Mental age
4 Cattell d Extended upper age of
Binet scales
5 Weschler e ‘g’ and ‘s’ factor
6 Spearman f Concept of I.Q
7 Thurstone g Concept of ‘mental test”
8 John Horn h Fluid intelligence

Q.1. (C) State whether the following statements are true or false:

1) Verbal tests of intelligence can be given easily to illiterate

people.

2) Group tests are economical. 3) Performance/Non verbal tests are

free of oral or written language.

4) A person with an I.Q of 75 is said to be of average intelligence.

5) There are certain limitations to Artificial Intelligence.

6) Group tests of intelligence are less expensive.

7) If M.A = C.A then I.Q will be 100

8) Modern psychologists explain intelligence in terms of a single

index of cognitive abilities.

9) Nonverbal tests are culture fair tests.

____________________________________________________
Q.1.(D) Answer the following in one sentence each:

1) Who is considered as the father of intelligence test?

2) Which tests are used to measure intelligence of illiterate

people?

3) Which type of intelligence requires knowledge of language? 4)

Which intelligence test facilitates mass testing?

5) Give one limitation of verbal tests.

6) How can intelligence tests be categorised on the basis of

administration procedure?

Q.2. Answer the following questions in 25 – 30 words: (2 marks)

1) What is meant by intelligence?

2) What is meant by verbal tests of intelligence?

3) What is meant by individual test of intelligence?

4) What is meant by group test of intelligence?

5) What is meant by Nonverbal or performance test of intelligence?

_____________________________________________________

Q.3. Write short notes on the following topics in 50 – 60 words

each: (3 marks)
1) Intelligence Quotient
2) Charles Spearman’s theory of intelligence
3) Verbal tests of intelligence
4) Non-verbal tests of intelligence
5) Artificial Intelligence
______________________________________________________
Q.5. Explain the following concepts in 25 – 30 words: (2 marks) 1)
Mental age
2) Intelligence
3) I.Q
______________________________________________________

Q.7. Answer the following questions 150 – 200 words: (10 marks)
1) Write in detail about the history of Intelligence testing.
2) 'Intelligence testing has a wide usage in various areas'. Justify
with examples.
3) Discuss the 5 theories of Intelligence.
4) Explain the characteristics of people having high social
intelligence.
5) Discuss the types of Intelligence tests in detail.
______________________________________________________
 Chapter 3: PERSONALITY
______________________________________________________
Q.1.A. Choose the correct option and complete the following
statements:
1) The ink blot test was developed by -----------_____
(Murray/Rorschach/Morgan)
2) In _____ interview, the direction of the interview is not pre
planned. (Structured/Unstructured/Prestructured)
3) The term personality is derived from the Latin word _____
(Person, Persona, Personic)
4) Rorschach’s Ink blots are a _______ test of personality.
(Projective, Self rating, Situational)
5) _____ is a self report technique of personality assessment.
(MMPI/TAT/ Rorschach’s Ink blot test.)
6) Those who score high on ____ may experience negative feelings
like anxiety, anger and depression.
(Neuroticism/Extroversion/Conscientiousness)
7) In _____ observation, the observer observes behaviour as it
occurs naturally without any intervention.
(Naturalistic/Systematic/Participant)
8) _____ defined personality as the dynamic organization within the
individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his
unique adjustment to his environment. (Sheldon, Allport, Murray)
9) Projective techniques are based on the _______ approach.
(Type/Trait/Psychodynamic)
___________________________________________________
Q.1.B. Match the following pairs:

GROUP A GROUP B
1 Self report technique a Ink Blot test
2 Behavioural analysis b Trait theory
3 Projective methods c Type theory
4 McCrae and Costa d Big 5 Factor theory
5 Morgan and Murray e T.A.T
6 f MMPI
7 g Interview

Q.1.C. State whether the following statements are true or false:

1) Personality is merely related to external appearance.
2) People with high neuroticism are emotionally reactive.
3) Children from families having a warm emotional atmosphere are
well adjusted.
4) TAT was developed by McKinley and Hathaway.
5) Self-report measures were developed to assess unconscious
motives and feelings.
6) A structured interview is an open interrogation.
7) Projective techniques are fairly structured techniques where the
subject objectively reports his/her feelings to various things
8) Mass media can play a major role in personality development.
9) Peer group is a major agency of socialization.
10) Type theories are highly reliable and explain complexity of
personality.
______________________________________________________
Q.1.D. Answer the following in one sentence each:

1) Name the 2 types of interviews.

2) What is the literal meaning of the Latin word “persona”?
3) Who has given the Thematic Apperception test?
___________________________________________________

Q.2. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words: (2 marks

each)
1) What is a trait?
2) What is the sentence completion test?
3) What is the 5 factor model of personality?
4) What is naturalistic observation?
5) What is an interview? Explain the 2 types of interview.
6) What is the influence of peer group on personality?
7) What is the influence of school on personality?
8) What are the limitations of behavioural analysis techniques?
_____________________________________________________

Q.3. Write short notes on the following topics in 50 – 60 words: (3

marks each)
1) Effect of mass media on personality development
2) Projective techniques.
3) Behavioural Analysis.
4) Perspectives of studying Personality.
_____________________________________________________
Q.5. Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words: (2 marks
each)
1) Personality.
2) Trait.
3) Sentence Completion test.
4) Structured interview.
5) Unstructured interview.
6) Heredity.
7) Heredity
8) Peer group
9) Mass media
______________________________________________________

Q.7 Answer the following questions in 150 to 200 words. (10)

1) Explain the Big Five Factor model of Personality.
2) Explain the factors influencing Personality.
3) Explain the various methods of personality measurement
_____________________________________________________
Chapter 4: COGNITIVE PROCESSES
_______________________________________________________

Q.1. A. Choose the correct option and complete the following

statements:
1) When we select a few stimuli from the environment and bring
them into the centre of our awareness, it is called _________
(Attention/Perception/Thinking)
2) Ivan Pavlov is known for explaining learning by ________.
(Classical conditioning/Operant conditioning/Observation)
3) When we organise information from the environment, group
them and give some meaning, that process is called _________
(Attention/Perception/Thinking)
4) In operant conditioning the experiment was conducted on a
______. (Dog/Rat/Monkey)
5) The change in behaviour due to practice or experience is known
as . (Perception/Thinking/Learning)
6) ______ was the pioneer of Operant Conditioning.
(Skinner/Pavlov/Wundt)
7) Learning is not attributed to changes resulting from ______
(Experience/Maturation/Practice)
8) Stimuli that are near each other, and perceived as a unit, refer to
the law of _______ (Proximity/Continuity/Similarity)
9) The learning process by forming associations or connections is
called _______ (Assimilation/Classical Conditioning/Operant
Conditioning
_________________________________________________
Q.1. B. Match the following pairs:

GROUP A GROUP B
1 B.F. Skinner a Learning by assimilation
and accommodation
2 Max Wertheimer b Learning by Classical
Conditioning
3 Edward Tolman c Learning by Operant
Conditioning
4 Jean Piaget d Learning by use of
Cognitive processes
e Laws of Perceptual
grouping

_____________________________________________________

Q.1. C. State whether the following statements are true or false:

1) Size and intensity of the stimulus influence attention.
2) It is very easy to divide our attention between two tasks
simultaneously.
3) Awareness of the stimuli around us is called perception.
4) Top-down processing is influenced by the context in which the
information occurs.
5) The tendency to fill in gaps in an incomplete stimulus, in order to
perceive it as a meaningful figure refers to law of closure.
6) All changes in behaviour can be attributed to learning.
___________________________________________________
Q.1. D. Answer the following in one sentence each:
1) What are cognitive processes?
2) What is the perceptual law of similarity?
3) Explain the meaning of schema?
4) According to B.F. Skinner, how does learning take place?
5) What is Jean Piaget’s view about the learning process?
6) What is creative thinking?
______________________________________________________

Q. 2. Answer the following questions in 25 30 words: (2 marks) 1)

What is fluctuation of attention?
2) Give three examples of top down processes in perception.
3) What is meant by thinking?
4) Describe any two processes of learning.
5) What does span of attention refer to?
6) Explain division of attention
______________________________________________________

Q.3 Write short notes on the following topics in 50 to 60 words:

(3mks)
1) Laws of perceptual organization.
2) Stages of Creative thinking
3) Stages of problem solving
4) Types of perceptual processing/Top down and Bottom up
processing.

______________________________________________________
Q. 5. Explain the following concepts in 25 – 30 words each: (2
marks)
1) Attention
2) Distraction of attention.
3) Learning
4) Perception
5) Mental representation
6) Concept
7) Thinking
______________________________________________________

Q. 6. Answer the following questions in 80 – 100 words each, with

the help of the given points: (5 marks)
1) Explain the stages of creative thinking:
i. Preparation
ii. Incubation
iii. Illumination
iv. Verification.

2) Explain the types of perceptual processing:

i. Top – down processing
ii. Bottom – up processing

3) Explain the processes of learning:

i. Learning by Classical Conditioning
ii. Learning by Operant Conditioning
iii. Learning by Assimilation and Accommodation
iv. Learning by Cognitive processes
4) Explain the various aspects of attention with suitable examples:
i. Span of attention
ii. Distraction of attention
iii. Division of attention
iv. Fluctuation of attention

5) Explain the Core elements of thinking:

i. Mental representation
ii. Concept
iii. Schema
iv. Language
 Chapter 5: EMOTIONS.

This question bank is just a guideline. Please ensure that you

read the text book thoroughly in order to be prepared to
answer all types of questions.
Question Bank.
Q.1. A. Choose the correct option and complete the following
statements:
1) _____ is a combination of bodily arousal, expressive
behaviour, thoughts and feelings.
(Response/Reaction/Emotions)
2) According to James Lange, we first experience _______
then emotions. (Physical arousal/Feelings/Thoughts)
3) Emotion is used as a ______ to control other.
(Weapon/measure/Opportunity)
4) When you allow another person to exploit you, you are a
victim of _____ abuse. (Physical/Emotional/Social)
5) Exercising releases _______ which acts as a stress buster
and makes you feel good.
6) According to the _____ theory, we experience physiological
arousal and feelings simultaneously and independently.
(James – Lange/Cannon – Bard/Schacter – Singer)
7) According to Ekman, there are ______ basic emotions.
(2/5/6)
8) ______ is an emotion that is in response to some threat.
(Sadness/Fear/Disgust)
9) Plutchik’s model explains that there are _______ primary
emotions. (8/6/12)
10) _____ is not a primary or basic emotion according to
Plutchik. (Trust/Anticipation/Jealousy)
11) Emotions are controlled by the _____ in the brain.
(Cerebral cortex/Limbic system/RAS)
12) Sunita shows creativity and has meaningful relationships.
She has ______ emotional wellbeing. (High/Low/Moderate)
Q.1. B. Match the following pairs:
A B
1) Happiness A) Basic emotion
2) Paul Ekman B) Fight and flight
3) Anger C) Surprise
4) Fear D) Sadness
5) Grief E) Triggers
6) Anger management technique F) Powerful emotion

Q.1. C. State whether the following statements are true or

false:
1) Emotional wellbeing is not easily observable.
2) Positive emotions energise you.
3) You should feel guilty for standing up for yourself.
4) Anger is a basic negative emotion.
5) “I feel sad because I cry”, this is the premise of the
Schacter – Singer theory.
6) Pride and guilt are considered as higher cognitive
emotions.
7) The fight or flight reaction is a reaction to sadness.
8) Low serotonin levels are associated with clinical
depression.
Q.1. D. Answer the following in one sentence each:
1) What is the premise of the facial feedback premise?
2) What are complex emotions?
3) According to Ekman, which are the basic emotions?
4) When does a person experience disgust?
5) Why is Plutchik’s model important?
6) What does emotional wellbeing mean?
7) What does anger management mean?

Q.2. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words each: (2

marks)
1) Explain the term facial feedback hypothesis.
2) When does an individual face social rejection?
3) Write about the nonverbal triggers of anger, with the help of
an example.
4) What are aspects of emotional wellbeing?

Q.3. Write short notes on the following topics in 50 to 60

words: (3 marks)
1) Measures of dealing with emotional abuse.
2) Plutchik’s Model of Emotions.
3) Anger – A powerful emotion.
4) Managing emotions.
5) Benefits of Emotional Wellbeing.
6) Physiological changes during emotions.
7) How does the brain work when angry?
8) Using the 3 R model of Anger Management, present a case
study of your own experience.
9) After having realised you are emotionally abused by your
best friend, write the steps you will take to deal with it. Please
note: The questions given below for Question 4 are only a
sample of what you can get in the Board exam.
Q. 4 Write answers to the questions based on the following
examples: (2 mks)
1) Rohit who has anger management issues, has been trying to
control his anger. After a provoking situation, he manages to
avoid reacting and later on when he has calmed down, thinks
about the situation and tries to understand what is affecting
him. Which technique of anger management is Rohit using?
(Reassessment)

Q.5. Explain the following concepts in 25 – 30 words each: (2

marks)
1) Emotion
2) Emotional well being
3) Emotional abuse
4) Anger management

Q.6 Answer the following questions in 80 – 100 words, with the

help of the given points: (5 marks)
1) Explain the following theories of emotion: a) James - Lange
theory b) Cannon - Bard theory c) Schachter – Singer theory
2) Discuss emotional well being: a) Meaning b) Aspects c)
Benefits
3) Discuss the following basic emotions: a) Happiness b)
Sadness c) Anger d) Fear e) Surprise f) Disgust
4) Discuss effective anger management: a) Relaxation and
connection with the inner self b) Reassess c) Respond

THERE WILL BE NO 10 MARK QUESTION FROM THIS

CHAPTER
 Chapter 6: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS.
This question bank is just a guideline. Please ensure that you
read the text book thoroughly in order to be prepared to
answer all types of questions. Question Bank.

Q.1.A. Choose the correct option and complete the following

statements:
1) _______ is the present system for classification of mental
disorders. (DSM – 5/W.H.O./A.P.A)
2) The term schizophrenia was first used by ________ (Albert
Ellis/Eugen Bleuler/John Travis)
3) World Health Organization has developed ______for
classification of all types of disorders. (I.C.D/D.S.M/M.C.A)
4) We find alternate phases of depression and mania in
______disorders. (Depressive/Bipolar/Anxiety)
5) A persistent but disproportionate and irrational fear of a
specific object or situation is called _____
(Anxiety/Mania/Phobia)
6) A cluster of symptoms is known as _____
(Therapy/Maladjustment/Syndrome)
7) Bipolar disorder is also called _______ disorder. (Manic
depressive/Schizophrenia/PTSD)
8) The DSM – 5 comprises of ______ broad categories of
mental disorders along with sub categories. (19/11/22)
9) Andy experiences feelings of unhappiness but has no
apparent mental illness. According to Illness Wellness
Continuum Model, he will be in Quadrant _____ (1/2/3)
10) Mr. X tries to stop his drug usage. He experiences tremors,
muscle pain etc. This indicates _______ symptoms.
(Withdrawal/ Recovery/Negative)
11) Individuals who experience ______ commonly have a
negative thinking style. (Depression/Phobia/Acute stress)
Q.1.B. Match the following pairs:

Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’

1.Phobia a. 2013
2.DSM - 5 b.Wellness
3.I.C.D - 11 c.Schizophrenia
4.Eugene Bleuler d.2019
5.John Travis e.Illogical fear
6.Depressive disorders f. Sad feelings for a long
Period of time

Q.1.C. State whether the following statements are true or false:

1) Socially or culturally deviant behaviours are signs of
psychological disorders.
2) Schizophrenia is a serious psychological disorder.
3) Feeling of hopelessness is one of the symptoms seen in
depressive disorders.
4) Illness and absence of illness are distinct categories.
5) Individual distress and impairment are criteria for
psychological disorders.
6) Imbalance in neurotransmitters may cause bipolar
disorders.
7) Extremely traumatic events may lead to the onset of Acute
Stress Disorder.
8) Most schizophrenics suffer from delusions and
hallucinations.
9) Generally, negative symptoms of schizophrenia improve
much with proper treatment.
 10) The same therapy can be applied with equal success to all
persons who exhibit similar symptoms.
11) DSM-5 considers behaviour as a mental disorder.
12) Low serotonin levels are associated with clinical
depression.

Q.1.D. Answer the following in one sentence each:

1) From which Latin word is the term anxiety derived?
2) In which disorder does the person experience sadness and
guilt for a long period of time?
3) What do you call the fear that you experience unnecessarily
in a non threatening situation?
4) What is the literal meaning of the word schizophrenia?
5) What is meant by delusion?
6) What are the two states of bipolar disorder?
7) When is a person diagnosed with PTSD?
8) What are addictive disorders?
9) The word phobia is derived from which Greek god?

Q.2. Answer the following questions in 25 – 30 words each: (2

marks)
1) What is meant by Anxiety disorders?
2) Narrate indicators of psychological disorders.
3) What is meant by Bipolar disorder?
4) Describe Post Traumatic Stress Disorders?
5) Explain Acute Stress Disorder.
Q.3. Write short notes on the following topics in 50 – 60 words
each: (3 marks)
1) Nature of mental wellness
2) Drug Addiction
3) Depressive disorders
4) Anxiety disorders
5) Identification and treatment of psychological disorders
6) Explain the nature of psychological disorder.
7) Discuss the red flags indicating the need for psychological
help
8) Substance related and addictive disorders.
9) Illness-Wellness Continuum by John Travis

Please note: The questions given below for Question 4 are

only a sample of what you can get in the Board exam.

Q.4 Write answers to the questions based on the following

examples: (2mks)
1) A person who has been consuming alcohol over a period,
now wants to give up this habit. What kind of a
group/organization should he join?
2) Give an example of a delusion.
3) Anita is afraid of small and closed spaces so she can't travel
by car. In time, she was diagnosed with a mental illness. What
mental disorder did do you think Anita has?
4) Sheena feels very tense during exams. She shows
symptoms like lack of sleep, uneasiness, sensation of
vomiting, breathlessness etc. Name the disorder.
5) Rita experiences alternate phases of extreme sadness at
one time and extreme happiness at other times. Name the
disorder she is suffering from.
Q.5. Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words: (2
marks)
1) DSM - 5
2) ICD 11
3) Phobia
4) Syndrome
5) Hallucination
6) Delusion
7) Psychotherapy

Q. 6. Answer the following questions in 80 – 100 words each

with the help of the given points: (10 marks)
1) Discuss the Mental Health Continuum model: i. Stage 1 ii.
Stage 2 iii. Stage 3 iv. Stage 4

2) Discuss the criteria for psychological disorders:

i. Clinically significant syndrome
ii. Distress and Impairment
iii. Dysfunction
iv. If any response given to stressors or losses are accepted
as a response to that situation, it is not considered as a sign of
mental disorder
v. Any behaviour which is just deviant or conflicting with
society but not producing dysfunction or distress or disability,
then it does not become a sign of mental disorder.

3) Discuss the important aspects of mental wellness:

i. Emotional aspect
ii. Psychological aspect
iii. Life philosophy
4) Discuss the following psychological disorders:
i. Generalized Anxiety disorder
ii. Phobia
iii. Bipolar disorder
iv. ACD v. PTSD

5) Discuss the following stages of trauma that a person

experiencing PTSD goes through:
i. Shock stage
ii. Suggestible stage
iii. Recovery stage

6) Discuss Schizophrenia:
i. Positive symptoms
ii. Negative symptoms
7) Discuss the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia:
i. Hallucinations
ii. Delusions
iii. Disorganized speech and lose of association
iv. Disorganized behaviour
v. Incongruent affect

THERE WILL BE NO 10 MARK QUESTION FROM THIS

CHAPTER
 Chapter 7: FIRST AID IN MENTAL HEALTH

This question bank is just a guideline. Please ensure that you

read the text book thoroughly in order to be prepared to
answer all types of questions.
Question Bank.

Q.1.A. Choose the correct option and complete the following

statements:
1) One of the major obstacles to getting help from a mental
health professional is the ________ attached to mental illness.
(Policy/Stigma/Society)
2) Friends and family are not a substitute for ________ (Solving
problems/Giving solutions/Professional help)
3) In our culture, the ________ of an individual is considered
to be the reflection of one’s family.
(Intelligence/Behaviour/Status)
4) Individuals who experience _______ commonly have a
negative thinking style. (Depression/ Phobia/ Acute stress)
5) According to the NIMHANS study (2014 - 2016), about _____
of population suffers from common mental disorders.
(10%/13%/25%)
6) The Indian city that obtained an International license in 2017
to carry out standard MHFA programme across India is
_______ (New Delhi/Bengaluru/Chennai)
7) If early signs of mental illness are recognized, it can assist
the individual in getting help. This is known as _______
(Diagnosis/Early intervention/Rehabilitation)
8) Imbalance of certain ______ in the brain may be a factor in
anxiety. (Neurotransmitters/Fluids/Organs)
Q.1. B Match the following pairs:

A B

1) Anthony Jorm A. Technology related to

Mental health issues
2) Traumatic events B. Depression

3) SHUT clinic in NIMHANS C. Co-founder of MHFA

programme
4) Red flag in internet usage D. Social phobia

5) Feeling of worthlessness E. Anxiety

F. Craving and compulsion

Q.1. C. State whether the following statements are true or
false:
1) There is a stigma attached to mental illness
2) Mental illness is caused by supernatural forces.
3) Mental illness does not usually develop ‘out of the blue
4) Relapse prevention is important in Mental Health First Aid.
5) Any anxiety experienced by a person is a cause for concern.

Q.1.D. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

1) What is the assumption of First Aid in Mental Health?
2) What are some non-medical explanations for mental illness?
3) Who developed the Mental Health First Aid (MHFA)
programme?
4) What is the objective of MHFA?
5) What is the rationale of SHUT clinics by NIMHANS?
Q.2. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words: (2 marks)
1) Describe the term Mental Health First Aid.
2) What are the stigmas attached to mental illness?
3) ‘Anxiety disrupts day to day functioning of an individual.
State 2 pre dispositional factors contributing to anxiety.
4) Your friend confided in you that he is suffering from anxiety.
Suggest 2 self – help strategies to help him deal with this issue.
5) What are the main hurdles in receiving treatment in case of
mental illness?
6) Enumerate behavioural changes noticed in persons suffering
from depression.

Q. 3 Write short notes on the following topics in 50 – 60 words: (3

marks)
1) Need for First Aid in Mental health
2) Self help strategies in Mental Health First Aid.
3) 5-4-3-2-1 relaxation technique.
4) Behavioural changes in people suffering from anxiety.
5) Four C’s to identify excessive internet usage.
6) Over dependence on internet.
7) The ALGEE model
8) First Aid in depression
9) First Aid in anxiety
10) Red flags of overdependence on internet.
11) Symptoms of Anxiety

Please note: The questions given below for Question 4 are only a
sample of what you can get in the Board exam.
Q. 4 Write answers to the questions based on the following
examples: (2 marks)
1) Rani who is in therapy for depression does not want anyone to
know that she is visiting a counsellor for fear of what they will think
of her. What is she fearing? (Stigma attached to mental illness)

2) Swati told her brother Rahul the thoughts of her own death that
kept coming to her mind. Rahul advised her to go to a counsellor.
Which step in the ALGEE model has been taken by Rahul to
provide mental health first aid? (Encouragement to get professional
help)

Q. 5 Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words: (2 marks) 1)

Mental Health First Aid

THERE WILL BE NO 5 MARK QUESTION FROM THIS CHAPTER

THERE WILL BE NO 10 MARK QUESTION FROM THIS
CHAPTER
 Chapter 8: Positive Psychology.

This question bank is just a guideline. Please ensure that you read
the text book thoroughly in order to be prepared to answer all types
of questions.

Question Bank

Q.1.A. Choose the correct option and complete the following

statements:
1) _____ is the father of Positive Psychology.
(Carver/Masten/Seligman)
2) Barbara Fredrickson introduced the Broaden and ______ theory.
(Build/Emotion/Learning)
3) The belief that good things will happen is known as ______
(Pessimism/Resilience/Optimism)
4) The capacity to understand what the other person is
experiencing is ________ (Sympathy/Empathy/Emotion)
5) Life ________ indicates a life full of stress and anxiety. (Below
zero/ At zero/ Above zero)
6) _______ refers to the ability to handle adverse situations
effectively. (Coping/ Competence/ Confidence)
7) ________ helps us to focus on the ‘Here and Now’ effectively.
(Mindfulness/ Mindlessness/Optimism) 8) _______ is the key to
most successful relationships. (Resilience/ Mindfulness/ Empathy)

Q.1.B. Match the following pairs:

A B
1.Resilience (d) a.Positive aspects of life
2.Mindfulness © b.Increase optimism
3.Positive psychology (a) c.State of awareness
4.Happiness (b) d.Overcome hurdles
 Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’

1.Seligman (e) a.Broaden and Build

Theory
2.Fredrickson (a) b.Empathy

3.Masten (d) c. Mindfulness

4.Baron – Cohen (b) d.State of awareness

e. Optimism

Q.1.C. State whether the following statements are true or false:

1) Negative events easily attract our attention compared to positive
ones. True
2) Positive psychology focuses on life at and below zero.
3) A positive frame of mind effectively builds our social and
psychological resources.
4) There are subjective differences in the experience of happiness.
5) We must always choose very easy goals in order to experience
happiness.
6) Most pessimists perceive difficulties as challenges/opportunities.
7) Empathy and sympathy are synonymous.
8) Brain damage can diminish a person’s ability to empathise.

Q.1.D. Answer the following in one sentence each:

1) What does positive psychology focus on?
2) What does ‘life below zero’ indicate?
3) How does an optimist view challenges and difficulties?
4) What does mindlessness mean?
5) What is psychological resilience?
6) Who gave the Broaden and Build theory?
Q. 2. Answer the following questions in 25 – 30 words each: (2
marks)
1) Explain the theories of happiness?
2) What is mindfulness?
3) What is resilience?
4) Why is positive psychology considered significant today?
5) What are the characteristics of optimists?
6) How can empathy be nurtured?
7) What is optimism?
8) Explain the 7 Cs of Resilience.
7) Explain the Broaden and Build theory.

Q.3. Write short notes on the following in 50 to 60 words: (3 marks)

1) Life above zero
2) Determinants of happiness
3) Characteristics of an optimist
4) Methods to promote empathy 5) Components of empathy.
6) What are the essential building blocks of resilience?
7) Types of resilience.

Please note: The questions given below for Question 4 are only a
sample of what you can get in the Board exam.

Q.4 Write answers to the questions based on the following

examples: (2mks)
1) Aakash immediately decided to distribute food packets to the
earthquake victims. Identify the element of empathy shown by
Aakash.
2) Despite having lost her job, Nina is hopeful and confident that the
situation will change for the better in the future. Identify the positive
emotion in this case.
3) Rita is cooking a meal, but is not concentrating on what she is
doing and has little awareness of what is happening around her.
Her mind is occupied with the argument that she had a little while
ago. Identify this aspect of human behaviour.
4) Mahesh studies so attentively that he never gets distracted.
Identify the positive aspect of behaviour displayed here.
5) Sujata lost her hands in an accident. Now she has learnt to write
with her leg. Identify the positive aspect of behaviour displayed
here.
6) Vasanta’s daughter died of cancer. He has opened a
rehabilitation centre for cancer patients. Identify the positive aspect
of behaviour displayed here.
7) Reena recovered from an accidently quickly. Which type of
resilience did Reena show?

Q.5. Explain the following concepts in 25 – 30 words: (2 marks)

1) Positive psychology
2) Half glass full and half glass empty
3) Empathy
4) Mindfulness
5) Social resilience
6) Broaden and Build theory.
7) Mindfulness meditation.

Q.6. Answer Any 2 the following questions in 150 to 200 words: (10
marks)
THERE WILL BE NO 5 MARK QUESTION FROM THIS
CHAPTER

Q.7. Answer the following questions 150 – 200 words: (10 marks)

THERE WILL BE NO 10 MARK QUESTION FROM THIS

CHAPTER

_______________________**********________________________
 SEAT NUMBER
DAY 05

1500
J-551 (M)
2023 VII 22

PSYCHOLOGY (48)

Max. Marks : 80
Time : 3Hrs.
(4 Pages )

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os51 Page 4
 DAY 05 SEAT NUMBER

2023 VII|22 1500

J-550 (E)

PSYCHOLOGY(48)

Time: 3Hrs. (6 Pages ) Max. Marks : 80

Note : () All questions are compulsory.

(2) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
(3) Answer to every new question must be written on a new page.

Q. 1. (A) Complete and rewrite the following statements by selecting (5)(20]

the appropriate words given in the brackets:
(1) Study of unconscious mind is considered to be
important by school of thought.
(functionalism, psychoanalysis, structuralism)
(2) An ability to think on an abstract level is called
(intelligence, perception, attention)
(3) Atrait showing the tendency of experiencingnegative
emotions is known as
(agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience)
(4) In operant conditioning was put in a box for an
experiment.
(dog, rat, monkey)

P.T.O.
05 5 0 Page 1
 (5) One of the help from amental
major obstacles in gettingattached to mental
health professional is the
illness.
(policy, stigma, society)
(B) Match the words from group 'A' and 'B' appropriately : (5)

Group A' Group B

(a) Humanistic () Thyroid gland
Psychology
(b) Thyroxin (2) Coded internal sensation
(C) Mental representation (3) Lack of self confidence
(d) Illogical fear (4) Study of self actualization
(e) Pessimist (5) Phobia
(6) Pancreas

(C) Write whetherthefollowing statements are True' or 'False': (5)

() Rational people are less tolerant.
(2) Army GeneralClassification Test was used on a large
scale during the Second World War period.
(3) Children from families having a warm emotional
atmosphere are well adjusted.
(4) Plutchick created the wheel of emotions.
(5) Sign of self-neglect indicates mental wellness.
(D) Answer the following questions in only 'one' sentence each: (5)
() In which year was the first psychology laboratory
established?

(2) Whois considered as the father of intelligence test?

05 5 0 Page 2
 (3) Which stress buster hormone is secreted during
exercise?

(4) What is meant by listening non-judgementally?

(5) What is meant by empathy?

Q. 2. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words each |10]

(Any FIVE):
() What is meant by mental age?
(2) Explain fluctuation of attention with the help of suitable
example from day-to-day life.
(3) Explain the basic emotion of surprise with a suitable
example.
(4) Explain any two self help strategies of first aid in mental
health.

(5) Describe the nature of bipolar disorder.

(6) Explain how superstitionscan cause a person not to go to a
medical professional.
(7) Explain how perceiving meaning in life can lead to long lasting
happiness.

Q. 3. Write short notes on the following topics in 50 to 60 words |12|

each (Any FOUR) :
(1) Case study method
(2) Learning by observation
(3) Emotional abuse

P. T. 0.
05 50 Page 3
 (4) Generalized anxiety disorder
(5) Internet addiction
(6) Correlation method

Q. 4. Write answers to the following questions based on the

examples only in words (Any FOUR) :
(1) Ramesh always lives fully in the present. Hedoes notdwell
on the past events. What is the positive aspect of Ramesh's
behaviour?

(2) Neeta wants to pursue a career in zoology and botany. So

in what type of science does she want to pursue her career?
(3) Vijay installed automated machines to purify chemically
contaminated water in his factory. What type ofintelligence
do these automated machines operate on?
(4) Siddhesh controls and regulates his impulses. He is very
hard working and disciplined. Which trait described in Big
Five Factor Model of personality is found to be more
prevalent in Siddhesh?

(5) Rohan, a boy, who lost his job, now borrows money from
friends to buy liquor. Despite his efforts he could not break
his habit of consuming liquor. Allthese behaviours of Rohan
are the symptoms of which psychological disorder?
(6) Swati, a poor girl, accepts financial problems as a challenge,
strives to progress by working hard and constantly thinks
that her future will be bright. So what is this positive mental
attitude in Swati's behaviour called?

055|0 Page 4
Q. 5. Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words each
(Any FIVE): |10]
(1) Community resilience
(2) Selt-acceptance -A characteristic ofa rational individual
(3) Heredity - Afactor shaping personality
(4) IIlumination
(S) Relaxation technique
(6) Giving support -A skill in first aid in mental health
(7) Positive psychology

Q. 6. Answer any TWO of the following questions in 80 to 100 |10|

words each with the help of the given points :
() Explain the laws of perceptual organization with suitable
diagrams
Points :

(i) Law ofproximity

(iü) Law of similarity
(üi) Law of continuity
(iv) Law of closure

(2) Explain the Respond approach of anger management

Points :
() Consulting a family member
(ii) Engage talks with other party
(iii) Active listening
(iv) Caging your rage

P. T. O.
5 50 Page 5
 (3) Explin the nature of Post Iraumatie Stress Disorder
Points
(i) Meaning
(i) Shock stage
(ii) Suggestible stage
(iv) Recovery stage

Q. 7. Answer any ONE of the following questions in IS0 to 200

words:

(1) Explain the types of intelligencetests with advantages and

disadvantages.
(2) Explain the various methods of personalitymeasurement.

|0550 Page 6
 DAY 17 SEAT NUMBER

2023III| 15 1500
J-361 (E)

PSYCHOLOGY (48)

Time : 3 Hrs. (6 Pages ) Max. Marks : 80

Note: (1) Allquestions are compulsory.

(2) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
(3) Answer to every new question must be written on a new page.

0. 1. (A) Complete and rewrite the following statements by selecting

the appropriate words given below : (5) [20]
(1) The method of introspection was used by
(a) Wilhelm Wundt (b) Carl Rogers
(c) Dr. Sigmund Freud
(2) The concept of mental age was introduced by
(a) Alfred Binet (b) Wechsler
(c) Stern
(3) The sentence completion test measures
(a) personality (b) intelligence
(C) span of attention
(4) Tolman is known for learning by processes.
(a) observation (b) assimilation
(c) cognitive
(S) For first aid in mental health help should be taken from

(a) friend (b) teacher

(c) professional expert
P. T. 0.
036|1 Page 1
 (B) Match the wvords from group Nand B' appropriately :
(5)
Group 'A"
1) Group
tate of
'B'
(a) Psychology
(b) Personality
awareness
(2) Natural science
(c) Cannon and Bard (3) PersSona
(4) Theory of
(d) Hallucinations emotions
(5) Social science
(e) Mindfulness
(6) Schizophrenia
(C) Write whether the following statements are True' or False': (5)
(1) Ashish conducted an experiment on Sanjay. Ashish
will be participant (subjec)inthis experiment.
(2) Rohan's mental age is 8 and chronological age is 10.
Therefore, Rohan's level of intelligence is above
average.
(3) Amusician came up with an idea of atune of a song
like a flash of light. It is called illumination in creative
thinking.
(4) Sayli can manage anger by using relaxation technique.
(5) Giving support and infomation is not a skill of first
aid in mental health.

(D) Answer the following questions in only 'one' sentence each: (5)
(1) Which method in psychology is generally used for
collecting information on the topics such as political
opinion, consumers' preferences etc.?
(2) Which type of intelligence is used in medical diagnostic
tools?

03 61
Page 2
 iaY
(3)
Stinterview
udents added,
as
few qucstions on the spot in an
per he response given by the principal,
which type of did students use?
(4) Wbat is intericwof some object called?
(5) il ogical
fea
Who is called father of positive psychology?
0. 2. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words each
|10)
(Any FIVE):
(1) Explain anytwo building blocks for resilience.
(2) Explain case study method in your own words.
(3) What is meant by emotional intelligence'?
(4) Explain what is meant by cardinal trait and name one cardinal
trait from your personality.
(5) Write down the symptoms that you know of generalized
anxiety disorder.
(6) Write symptoms of depressive disorder.
(7) Explain any two determinants of happiness that you have
experienced.
to 60 words [12]
Q. 3. Write short notes on the following topics in 50
each (Any FOUR) :
(1) Any three key features of science
(2) Division ofattention
experience of
(3) Internal and external changes during the
emotions
Disorder
(4) Post TraumaticStress
mental health
(5) Hurdles in First-aid in
rational individual
(6) Anv three characteristics of

P.T.0.
Page 3
 (3) Describe the criteria of psygical disorders .
Points :
synrome
() Clinically significant
(1) Distress and impairment
(ii) Dysfunction
(iv) If any response given to stressor is accepted as a
situation IS not considered as a
response to that sign
of mental disorder.

Q. 7. Answer any ONE of the followng questions in 150 to 200 [10]

words :

(1) Write in detail about the history of measurement of

intelligence,
(2) Explain the variousmethods of personalitymeasurement.

0 36 1
Page 6
 DAY 17 SEAT NUMBER

2022 III|24 1500 (E)

J-858

PSYCHOLOGY (48)

Time : 3 Hrs. (4 Pages ) Max. Marks : 80

Note: (1) Allquestions are compulsory.

(2) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
(3) Answer to every question must be written on a new page.

Q. 1. (A) Complete and rewrite the following statements by selecting

theappropriate words given below: (5) (20]
(1) method has assigned the status of science to
psychology.
(a) Experimental (b) Survey
(c) Case study
(2) is an individual test of intelligence.
(a) Army Alpha Test (b) Army Beta Test
(c) Block Building Test
(3) ThematicApperception Test was developed by
(a) Rorschach (b) Guildford
(c) Morgan and Murray
(4) is known as the 'Father of classicalconditioning
theory of learning.
(a) Binet (b) Ivan Pavlov
(c) Skinner
(5) When you allow another person to exploit you, you
are a victim of abuse.
(a) Physical (b) Emotional
(c) Social
P. T. 0.
0 8 5 |8 Page 1
 (B) Match the words from groun A' and 'B'appropriately : (5)
Group A' Group B
emotions
(a) Emergence of (1) Model of
Functionalism
(b) Behavioural analysis (2) William James
(c) Plutchik (3) Interview
(d) First aid in mental (4) Overcome hurdles
health
(e) Resilience (5) Wilhelm Wundt
(6) ALGEE action plan
(C) Write whether the following statements are True' or "False : (5)
() Psychology is a study of mental processes.
(2) Bringing objects, persons or situations from the field
of awareness into the center of awareness iS called
attention.
(3) One should feel guilty for standingg up for oneself.
(4) One ofthe major obstacles to getting help froma mental
health professional is the stigma attached to mental
illness.
(5) The capacity to understand what the other person is
experiencing is sympathy.
(D) Answer the following questions in only ´one' sentence each
:(S)
(1) What is meant by an experimenter?
(2) Which hormone issecreted by thyroid
gland?
(3) Who is known for explaining learning by
operant
conditioning?
(4) From which Latin word is the term anxiety
derived?
(5) Who is called the Father of Positive
Psychology'?
Q. 2. Answer the following questions in 25 to
30 words each |10]
(Any FIVE):
(1) Describe in your own words the state of
mindlessness.
(2) What are the disadvantages of group tests of
intelligence?
08 5|8 Page 2
 (3) Write in your own words how the mass media affects
personality.
(4) Explain the law of proximity in
perception.
(5) Explain the facial fecdback hypothesis.
(6) Explain in your own words the importance of
to get professional help'.
'encouraging
(7) Explain in your own words any two
methods to promote
empathy.
Q. 3. Write short notes on the following
topics in 50 to 60 words |12]
each (Any FOUR) :
(1) Types of correlation (2) Bipolar disorder
(3) Overdependence on the (4) Experimental method
internet
(5) Post Traumatic Stress (6) Factors contributing
Disorder to anxiety
Q. 4. Write answers to the following questions based on the
examples only in words (Any FOUR): [8]
(1) An automated robot was used to dispense medicines at the
Covid Care Center. The function of this automated robot is
based on which kind of intelligence?
(2) When Vivek went to a birthday party, his friends were
drinking alcohol. Though his friends insisted, Vivek flatly
refused to drink alcohol. Which factor from Big Five Factor
model of personality can be seen from Vivek's behaviour?
(3) The sound of firecrackers disrupted Sheetal's concentration
in studies. Later she couldnot concentrate on studies. This
is a description of which aspect of attention?
(4) Tomaintain emotional wellbeing, Sunita does embroidery.
Which type of technique is used by Sunita to maintain
emotional well being?
(5) Aruna has got into the habit of buying things online. No
matter how many items she buys, she is not satisfied. What
kind of addiction does Aruna have?

085 8 Page 3 P. T. 0.
 (6) Vasanta's daughter died by cancer. He has opcned a
rehabilitation center for cancer patients. What is the positive
aspect of Vasanta's behaviour?
Q. 5. Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words each |10]
(Any FIVE):
(1) Survey method (2) Verbal tests ofintelligence
(3) Span of attention (4) Emotion
(5) Phobia (6) Psychological resilience
(7) Tolerance -Acharacteristic of arational person
Q. 6. Answer any TWO of the following questions in 80 to 100
|10]
words each withthe help of the given points:
(1) Explain the stages of creativethinking
Points :
(i) Preparation () Incubation
(i) Illunmination (iv) Verification

(2) Explain the Respond approach of anger management

Points:
) Consulting a family member
(ii) Engage talks with the other party
(iüi) Active listening (iv) Speaking assertively
(3) Explain the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Points :
() Hallucinations (ii) Delusions
(iv) Incongruent affect
(üi) Disorganized speech
Q. 7. Answer any ONE of the following questions in 150 to 200 [10]
words :
(1) Explain the applications of intelligence testing in various
areas.

(2) What is meant by personality? Write information about the

varioustests based on the projective method of measuremnent
of personality.

085 8 Page 4
 DAY-05 SEAT NUMBER

2021 IN23 1500 (E)

J-554

PSYCHOLOGY (48)

Time:3Hrs. (4 Pages) Max. Marks 80

Note: () All questions are

compulsory
(2) Figwes to the right indicate full marks
Answer to every question must be written on a new page.

Q. 1. (A) Complete and rewrite the following statements by selecting

the appropriate words given below: (5) [201
(1) Psychology is a SCience.
(a) natural (b) social
(c) biological
(2) The concepts of Fluid intelligence and Crystallized
intelligence are given by_
(a) Cattell (b) Thormdike
(c) Spearman
(3) The ink blot test was developed by
(a) Murray (b) Rorschach
(c) Morgan
(4) Bringing a particular stimulus into the center of
awareness is called
(a) attention (6) perception
(c) thinking
(5) In our culture, the of an individual is considered
to be the reflection
of one's family.
(a) intelligence (b) behaviour
(c) status

Page 1 P. T. O.
 (B) Match the words from group A' and 'B'
appropriately: (5)
Group 'A Group 'B
(a) Behaviourism (1) Stern
(b) Theory of multiple (2) Hurdle to receive
intelligence treatment
(c) Phobia (3) Parental divorce
(d) Anxiety (4) John Watson
(e) Black magic (5) flogical fear
(6) Howard Gardner
(C) Write whether the following
statements are True' or 'False': (5)
(1) An experimenter is a
is conducted.
person on whom the experiment
(2) Personality is merely related to the external
(3) The change in the behaviour due appearance.
experience is known as learning.
to
practice or an

(4) Schizophrenia is not a serious

(5) Anxiety disrupts psychological disorder.
individual.
day-to-day functioning of an
(D) Answer the following
questions in only 'one' sentence each:
(1) In which year was the first (5)
established? psychology laboratory
(2) Who is considered as the 'Father
(3) From which Latin word is the of Intelligence
Test'?
(4) Which is the first stage
word personality
derived?
of creative thinking?
(5) Who is called the father
of Positive
Psychology?
Q. 2. Answer the
following questions in 25 to 30 words each
(Any FIVE): 101
(1) Write in brief
about the survey method.
(2) What is meant by mental
age ?
(3) What is meant by
neuroticism ?
(4) Explain the learning by
(5) Explain in your own words conditioning.
operant
the
technique of anger management. importance of relaxation
Page 2
 6) Write physical
symptoms of anxiety that need first aid.
(7) Explain in your methods to proo
own words any two
empathy.
Q.3. Write short notes on the following in 50 to 60 words each 12
(Any FOUR):
(1) Any three characteristicsofa rational individual.
(2) Physiological changes during emotions.
(3) Drug addiction.
(4) Overdependence on the internet.
(5) Types of resilience.
(6) Types of correlation.
the
Q. 4. Write answers following questions based
to the on

examples only in words (Any FOUR): 18

()The scientilic information obtained by Rahul through an
experiment can be reproduced at any time,
anywhere. This
is a description of which key feature of science?
birthday party. his friends
were
(2) When Vivek went to a

alcohol. Though hisfriends insisted, Vivek flatly

drinking Five Factors
refused to drink alcohol. Which factor from Big
can be seen from
Vivek's behaviour?
model ofpersonality
her injection now
an
(3)
(3) Esha. who cries when a doctor gives
a doctor. What kind of process of
also cries Just by secing
learningis this?
achieve emotional
well being, Sunita paints pictures.
(4) To Sunita to achieve
Which type of technique
is used by
emotional well being?
excited and sometimes very
Sometimes Rohan is very
(5) these are the symptoms of
no reason. So
depressed for
which psychological disorder?

lockdown and financial crisis, the

(6) Ali noticed that due to
food. So Ali bought
security guard is unable get enough
to

a month's worth
of groceries and gave it to the security
guard.What is the positive aspect of Ali's behayiour?
P.T.O.
Page 3
 in 25 to 30 words each
Q.5. Explain the following concepts 10
(AnyFIVE):
Positive psychology (2) Artificial intelligence
(1)
Fluctuation of attention (4) Emotional abuse
(3)
(5) Hallucinations (6) Shame about mental ilIness

(7) Life above Zero

in 80 to 100 words 10
Q.6. Answer any TWO of the following
each with the help of the given points:
(1) Explain the laws of perceptual organization-
Points
) Law of proximity (i) Law ofsimilarity
Gii) Law of continuity (iv) Law of closure
who is high on
(2) Explain the benefits enjoyed by a person
emotional well being
Points
(i) Better selfregulation
) Coping with stress
(iv) Increased creativity
ii) Increased productivity
(3) Describe the criteria of psychological disorders
Points
Clinically significant syndrome
(i) Distress and impairment
ii) Dysfunction
(iv) Behaviour which is just deviant or conflicting with
does not become a sign of psychological
society
disorder.
in 150 to 200 [10
Q. 7. Answer any ONE of the following questions
words:

Define intelligence and explain the

various types of
(1)
intelligence tests.

Define personality and explain any four factors shaping

(2)
personality

Page 4
 DAY-17 SEAT NUMBER

2022 1I |24 1500

J-858 E)

PSYCHOLOGY (48)

Time: 3 Hrs. (4 Pages) Max. Marks 80

Note: (I) All questions are compulsory

(2) Figures to the right indicatefull marks
(3) Answer to every question must be written on a new page.

Q.1. (A) Complete andrewrite the following statements by selecting

the appropriate words given below (5) [20
(1) method has assigned the status of science to
psychology.
(a) Experimental (b) Survey
(c) Case study
(2) is an individual testofintelligence.
(a) Army Alpha Test (b) Army Beta Test
(c) Block Building Test
(3) Thematic Apperception Test was developed by.
(a) Rorschach (b) Guildford
(c) Morgan and Murray

(4) is known as the Father of classical conditioning

theory of learning.
(a) Binet (b) Ivan Pavlov
(c) Skinner
(5) When you allow another person to exploit you, you
are a victim of abuse.
(a) Physical (b) Emotional
(c) Social

Page 1 P. T. O.
 (B) Match the words from group 'A'and 'B' appropriately: (5)
Group 'A' Group B
(a) Emergence of (1) Model of emotions
Functionalism
(b) Behavioural analysis (2) William James
(c) Plutchik (3) Interview
(d) First aid in mental (4) Overcome hurdles
health
(e) Resilience (5) Wilhelm Wundt
(6) ALGEE action plan
(C) Write whether the following statements are True' or 'False': (5)
(1) Psychology is a study of mental processes.
(2) Bringing objects, persons situations from the field
or

of awareness into the center of awareness is called

attention.

(3) One should feel guilty for standing up for oneself.

(4) One of the major obstacles to getting help from a mental
ealth professional is the stigma attached to mental
illness.
is
(5) The capacity to understand what the other person
experiencing is sympathy.
in 'one' sentence each:(5)
(D) Answer the following questions only
(1) What is meant by an experimenter?
gland?
(2) Which hormone is secreted by thyroid
(3) Who is known for explaining learning by
operant

conditioning?
is the term anxiety derived?
(4) From which Latin word
(5) Who is called the Father of Positive Psychology'?

Q. 2. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words each [10

(AnyFIVE): state of mindlessness.
(1) Describe in your own words the
tests of intelligence?
(2) What are the disadvantages of group

Page 2
 (3) write in your own words how the mass media affects

personality.
4) Explain the law of proximity in
perception.
(5) Explain the facial fecdback
hypothesis.
(6) Explain in your own words the importance of "encouraging
to get
professional help".
(7) Explain in your own words any two methods to promote
empathy.
Q. 3. Write short notes on the following topics in 50 to 60 words [12]
each (Any FOUR):
(1) Types of correlation (2) Bipolar disorder

(3) Overdependence on the (4) Experimental method

internet
(5) Post Traumatic Stress (6) Factors contributing
Disorder to anxiety
Q. 4. Write answers to the following questions based on the
examples only in words (Any FOUR): 18]
(1) An automated robot was used to dispense medicines at the
Covid Care Center. The function of this automated robot is
based on which kind of intelligence?
(2) When Vivek went to a birthday party, his friends were
drinking alcohol. Though his friends insisted, Vivek flatly
refused to drink alcohol. Which factor from Big Five Factor
model of personality can be seen from Vivek's behaviour?
(3) The sound offirecrackers disrupted Sheetal's concentration
in studies. Later she could not concentrate on studies. This
is a description of which aspect of attention?

(4) To maintain emotional well being, Sunita does embroidery.

Which type of technique is used by Sunita to maintain
emotional well being?
(5) Aruna has got into the habit of buying things online. No
matter how many items she buys, she is not satisfied. What
kind of addiction does Aruna have?

Page 3 P. T. O.
 (6) Vasanta's daughter died by cancer. He has opened a
rehabilitation center for cancer patients. What is the positive
aspect of Vasanta's behaviour?

Q.5. Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words each

(Any FIVE): [10
(1) Survey method (2) Verbal tests of intelligence
(3) Span of attention (4) Emotion
(5) Phobia (6) Psychological resilience
(7) Tolerance - A characteristic of a rational person

Q.6. Answer any Two of the following questions in 80 to 100 10

words each with the help of the given points:
(1) Explain the stages of creative thinking-
Points
) Preparation i) Incubation
ii) Ilumination (iv) Verification

(2) Explain the Respond approach of anger management-

Points
) Consulting a family member
i) Engage talks with the other party
(ii) Active listening (1v) Speaking assertively
(3) Explain the positive symptoms of schizophrenis -

Points:
) Hallucinations (i) Delusions
ii) Disorganized speech (iv) Incongruent affect
Q. 7. Answer any ONE of the following questions in 150 to 200 10]
words:
(1) Explain the applications of intelligence testing in various
areas.

(2) What is meant by personality? Write information about the

various tests based on the projective methodof measurement
of personality.

O5 3 Page 4
Q. 1. (A) Complete the following statements by selecting the appropriate |20]
words given in the brackets: (5)
(1) - Wilhelm Wundt
(2) Alfred Binet
(3) personality
 (4)..- cognitive
(5) professional expert
(B) Match the words from group 'A' and 'B' appropriately (5)
(1) - (5) Social science
(2) (3) Persona
(3) (4) Theory of emotions
(4) (6) Schizophrenia
(5) (1).State of awareness
(C) State whether the following statements are True' or False': (5)
(1) False
(2) False
(3) True
(4) True
(6) False
(D) Answer the following questions in only one sentence each : (5)
(1) Survey method in psychology is generally used for
collecting information on the topics such as political
opinion, consumers' preferences, etc.
(2) Artificial intelligence is used in medical diagnostic tools.
(3) Students added a few questions on the spot in a
interview as per the response given by the principal,
so students used unstructured interview.
(4) Illogical fear of some object is called phobia.
(5) Martin Seligman is called father of positive psychology.
Q 2. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words each
[10]
(Any FIVE):
(1) Resilience can be learned and developed by any one - 7
essential building blocks -
) Competence i) Confidence (ü) Connection
 (iv) Character (v) Contribution, -(vi) Coping
(vii) Control ,'

(Explanation of any two points) (Pg. 105)

() Case study methods - Oualitative research method -Used
Freud and Jean
Oy clinical psychologists - Dr. Sigmund method
Piaget used case study method widely- case study
provides information for formulating hypotheses. (Pg. 6)
first time -Ability
() Mayer and Salovey used the term for the
identify emotions of self and others -managing emotions
to Guiding one's thinking
-ability to discriminate emotions-
and actions. (pg. 20)
Dominant trait in personality - shapes a person's behaviour
(4) Introvert, tidy, punctual,
for his /her whole life - Example -
cooperative, sense of humour.
(Any such example is expected) (pg. 27)
anxiety in day-to-day life - Moderate stress
(5) Experience of stress adversely affects work
is essential however excessive
- Extreme fear - increased heart beats, etc.
performance
(pg. 68)
incidence or external factor - prolonged negative
(6) Negative enthusiasm,weight
ofhopelessness, lack of
feelings -feeling
- lack of sleep- excessive sleep. (pg. 69)
loss
prestige are most important factors of
() Health, income, However long lasting factors
happiness for some of us -
are:

() Strong and intimate social relations

(i) Optimism
(ii) Self-esteem
(iv) Achieving challenging goals.
(v) Perceiving meaning in life.
 at the world as an opportunity
() Perspective of looking
rather than a threat.
(Explanation of any twopoints) (Pg. 98, 99)
words
Write short notes on the following topics in 50 to 60
each (Any FOUR):
objectivity
() Key features of science (i) Empirical evidence (ii)
(ii) Scientific causality (iv) Systematic exploration (v)
Replication (vi) Predictability e
(Explanation of any three points) (Pg. 2)
attention on
(2) Division of attention - person tries to focus
two tasks - It is not possible in a real sense - Result in
confusion (pg. 34)
(3) Explanation and examples of internal and external changes
(pg. 49)
(4) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -Explanation - Three stages
-() Shock stage- (i) Suggestible stage - (ii) Recovery
stage (pg. 71)
(5) Hurdles in First aid in mental health
i) Stigma associated with mental illness
(i) Shame
(iü) Lack of knowledge
(iv) Culture
(v) Taking advice from untrained people
(vi) Superstitions, etc. (pg. 79, 80)
(6) Characteristics of rational individual -
() Understanding self-interest and social interest
(in) Self-direction
(ii) Tolerance
 (iv) Flexibility
(v) Self-acceptance and selfresponsibility .
(Explanation of any three points) (pg.9)
Q. 4. Write wers to the following questions based on the [8|
examples only in words (Any FOUR):
(1) Observation method (pg. 6)
2 (2) Social intelligence (pg. 18)
(3) Span of attention (pg. 34)
(4) Anger (pg. 47)
(5) Substance - related disorder /Addictive disorder Drug
addiction (pg. 71)
(6) Optimisn(pg. 100)
words each
Q. 5. Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 [101
(Any FIVE):
(1) Life above zero - Emphasized by positive psychology -
classification -
person should live life above zero - DSM
zero
Below zero disorders and dysfunction and above
happiness, optimism, etc. positive aspects. (pg. 97)
and directing
(2) Conscientiousness-Selfdiscipline -regulating
organized and
impulses - High conscientiousness - well
unorganized and
responsible - Low conscientiousness -
irresponsible (pg. 28)
someone's
(3) Learning byobservation - Bandura- observing
behaviour and reproducing it later- Eating, walking, writing
etc. (pg. 41)
(4) Verbal violence - Type of emotional abuse - yelling.
insulting, lecturing, blaming causing fear (pg. 52)
 (5) Overdependence on Internet - Red flags - Explanation -
Need for professional help (pg. 92, 93)
(6) Listening non-judgementally listening to other person
without letting one's ownviews and opinions influence you
listening non-judgementally does not mean you have
agree with what other person is saying (pg. 84) M
(7) Physical resilience - Body's ability to adapt to challenges -;
4 Abiity to recover from illness, accidents (Pg. 106)
Q. 6. Answer any TWO of the following questions with the help [10]
of the given points in 80 to 100 words each :
(1) Steps of problem solving
) Defining the problem - Identify and define problem -
Ifproblem is not defined correctly it willnot be solved.
() Generating alternative solutions some solutions are
effective, some other are ineffective - searching
appropriate solution.
(im) Selecting a solution - selecting the most appropriate
solution using reasoning.
(iv) Implementing and follow up on the solution
Evaluation - going to one of the previous steps if
problem is not resolved (pg. 38)
(2) Benefits you enjoyed being high on the emotional well
being
(i) Coping with stress Talking to friends, exercise, etc.
(ii) Better self regulation - person do not allow emotions
to overpower, person feels and accepts negative
emotions as being normalpart of life.
(ii) Increased productivity - Person feels positive,
energised, it helps in enhancing performance in various
tasks.
 (iv) Life satisfaction - Deep personal connections with
others -Volunteering in social service to give purpose
to life. (pg. 51)
(3) The criteria of psychological disorders
S ) Clinically significant syndrome - certain symptoms
occur together - Syndromes are used to diagnose
disorder.
(1) Distress and impairment - Presence of distress and *
impairment as acriteria to diagnose disorder- Distress
-fear- irritability,etc. Impairment- inability to perform
appropriate duties and roles.
(i) Dysfunction - psychological, biological or
developmental dysfunctions - criteria to diagnose
disorder.

(iv) If any response given to stressor is accepted as a

response to that situation is not considered as a sign
of mental disorder - sadness experienced at the death
of loved one is not a sign of any mental disorder -
culturally sanctioned response to a particular event
should not be considered as a sign of mental disorder.
(Pg. 64)

Q. 7. Answer any ONE of the following questions in 150 to 200 [10]

words :

(1) History ofmeasurement of intelligence - Paul Broca and sir

Francis Galton's contribution - Raymond Cattell
emphasized standardized administration of test Alfred
Binet developed first intelligence test- Revi_ions Many
tests were developed during the First World War and Secord
World War - contribution of other psychologists
(Detailedexplanation is needed) (pg. 14,15)
 (2) Various methods of personality measurement :
() Behavioural analysis -
6 (a) Interview - structured, unstructured
(b) Observation
(1) Self report inventories -
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
16 Personality Factors (PF) etc.
(iii) Projective methods
(a) Rorschach's Ink Blot Test
(b) Thematic Apperception Test
(c) Sentence Completion Test
(Explanation of all the points) (pg.28, 29, 30)
Q. 1. (A) Completethe following statements by selecting the [20]
appropriate words given in the brackets: (5)
(1) psychoanalysis
(2) - intelligence
 (3) neuroticism
(4) rat

(B)
(S)stigma
Match the words from group "A' and 'B' appropriately
() (4) Study of self actualization
(2) (1) Thyroid gland
(3). (2) Coded internal sensation
(4 (5) Phobia
(5) (3) Lack of self
confidence
(C) State whether the following
1 (1) False
statements are True' or False :(5)
(2) True
(3) True
(4) True
(5) False
(D) Answer the following
questions in only 'one' sentence each :(5)
(1) : The first psychology
laboratory was established inthe
year 1879,
(2 Alfred Binet is
test.
considered as the father of
intelligence
(3) Endorphin stress buster
exercising.
hormone is secreted during
(4) Listening to otherperson without
views and opinions influence you is letting your own
known as listening
(5)
non-judgementally
The capacity to understand and feel what
is
experiencing from within his/her frame ofother person
is knownas empathy. reference
Q. 2. Answer the following questionss in 25 to 30 words each
[10]
(Any FIVE) :
() Alfed Binet - The age at wnich an individual performs
successfully on all items
items on the test prepared for that age is
called mental age - Example (pg. 15)
(2) Fluctuation of attention- Attention keeps oscillating like
the pendulum of the clock - Fatigue, low interest,
attractiveness of other stimulus, etc. factors lead to
fuctuation ofattention - Example (pg. 35)
(3) Surprise - Basic emotion Response to unexpected event
-Can be felt due to positive as well as negative or even due
to neutral event - Example (pg. 47)
Sleep
(4) Self help strategies of first aid in mental health -(i)
hygiene (ii)Reducing screen time and digital involvement
(iii)Physical activity (iv) Cultivating hobbies (v) Building
and maintaining social support.
(Explanation of any two strategies / points is expected)
(pg. 88)
alternate phases
(5) Bipolar disorder - Individualexperiences
stress at one time and
of sadness and happiness -Phase of
Causative factors.
phase of enthusiasm at other time
(Pg.70)
Superstitions - Mental illness is considered to be caused
(6) individual prefers
or dueto super natural forces -
due to sins
(pg. 81l).
going to untrained professionals.
Perceiving meaning in life- If meaning is not perceived
(7) loneliness, etc. are felt
emotions like frustration, depression,
is perceived - individual finds purpose inhis
If meaning happiness. (pg. 99)
own life- it leads to long lasting
 Q. 3. Write short notes on the followingtopicsin 50to 60 words
each (Any FOUR):
r)
Case study method|-Qualitative
- research methods used by
Cmicalpsychologists -Dr.Sigmund Freud used case study
nethod widely -Case study is an in-depth look at an
individual or group- Provides informationfor 1formulating
hypothesis for further future studies. (Pg. 6)
() Learning by observation - Albert Bandura Many
behaviours, skills, etc. are learnt by observing others -
Example (pg. 41)
(5) Emotional abuse - one of the hardest form of abuse to
Tecognize - Damages self-esteem and self worth of the
person-person feels depressed, anxious and even suicidal
- verbal emotional abuse and non-verbal emotional abuse.
(Pg.52)
(4) Generalized anxiety disorder - Day to day life stressors,
symptoms such as increased heart beats, headaches, lack
of sleep, breathlessness, etc. (pg. 68)
(5) Internet addiction Nowadays overuse of the
internet by
some youngsters no senseof time - feelings of euphoria
- physical and psychological problems. (pg. 92, 93)
(6) Correlation method - Meaning and three
types - Positive
correlation Negative correlation Zero correlation
-
Examples (pg. 7, 8)

Q. 4. VWrite answers to the following questions based on the

(8]
examples only in words (Any FOUR):
(1) Mindfulness (pg. 102, 103)
(2) Biological science (pg. 2)
(3) Non-verbal / Performance test of intelligence (pg. 17) a
(4) Conscientiousness (pg. 28)
 (5) Substance related disorder | Addictive disorder / Drug
addiction (pg. 71,72)
100)
(6) Optimism(pg.

each
5. Explain the following concepts in 25 to30 words
(Any FIVE): |10]
(I) Community resilience -Ability of groups of people to
respond to and recover from adverse situations -Examples
(Pg. 106)
(2) Selfacceptance-A characteristic of arational individual -
unconditional acceptance - accepting responsibility of own
thoughts,beliefs, feelings, behavious.(pg. 9)
(3) Heredity - A factor shaping personality Characteristics
inherited from parents -Affects physical and mental makeup.
(Pg. 24)
(4) Illumination - Third stage of creative thínking - Correct
solution appears like a flash oflight - Emotional reaction of
joy. (pg. 39)
(5) Relaxation technique Anger management technique -
Enhances clear thinking enhances attention and
concentration - Deep breathing (meditation) -listening to
music -responding rather than reacting. (pg. 57)
-Giving
(6) Giving support -Askill in first aid in mental health
Support makes the person feel important for others-feeling
of not being alone- controlover situation. (pg. 85)
(7) Positive psychology - Peterson - Martin Seligman officially
introduced positive psychology as a subfield - positive
psychology rather than studying negative aspects studies
etc.
positive aspects - Instead of studying stress, anxiety,
studies happiness, optimism etc. (Pg. 96)
0. 6. Answer any TWO of the
following questions with the help
of the given points in 80 to 100
words each :
(|) Laws of perceptual organizat
(i) Law of proximity
(ii) Lawof similarity
(iii) Law of continuity
(iv) Law of closure
(Explanation of each point with suitable diagram)
(pg. 36, 37)
(2) Respond approach of anger management
() Consulting a family member - consulting - help to
share views - helps in handling situations.
(u) Engage talks with other party -Talk to person you are
angry with in a calm, polite, respectful manner
maintain good facial gestures.
(i1) Active listening - Being an active listener helps you
communicate and resolve the problems more
effectively.
(iv) Caging your rage Guard yourself against escalation
of your own anger - Controlling oneself so that you
will not provoke other person's anger. (pg. 58)
(3) Nature of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -
(i) Meaning - 1f the symptoms of acute stress disorder
continues for more than one month with the same
intensity, the individual is diagnosed as suffering from
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

(ii) Shock Stage -Person is not able to think anything.

 Individual tries to get / to find
() Suggestible stage -
solutionand to come out ofoj problematic situation
Ready to accept suggestions ot others without thinking
over its conscquences.
Individual sta
(iv) Recovery stage- Individual starts regaining his/her
mental health - Signs of recovery from disorder

150 to 200
Q. 7. Answer any ONE of the following questions in |10]
words :

(1) Types of intelligence tests

i) Based on methods of administration
(a) Individual tests of intelligence - meaning,
examples, advantages, disadvantages.
(b) Group tests of intelligence - meaning, examples,
advantages, disadvantages.
) Based on material used -
(c) Verbal tests ofintelligence -meaning, examples,
advantages, disadvantages.
(d) Non-verbal (Paper-pencil and performance) tests
of intelligence-meaning, examples,advantages,
disadvantages (pg. 16, 17, 18)

(2) Various methods of personality measurement :

(i) Behavioural analysis -
(a) Interview - structured, unstructured
(b) Observation

(ü) Self report inventories -

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
16 Personality Factors (PF) etc.
(iüi) Projective methods
(a) Rorschach's Ink Blot Test

(b) Thematic Apperception Test

(c) Sentence Completion Test
(Explanation of all the points) (pg.28, 29, 30)
Q. 1. (A) Complete the following statements by selecting appropriate [20]
words : (5)
(1) (b) verbal group
(2) (b) Hans Selye
(3) (a) Ivan Pavlov
(4) (a) social loafing
(5) (b) generic
 (5)
words from group AandB appropriately :
(B) Match the
(a)
(3) Intelligence test
Systematic desensitization
(b) ()
(c) (4) Value judgement
etc
(d) (2) Bridges, dams, buildings
(e) (6) Client
following statements are True' or 'False': (5)
(C) State whether the
(1) True
(2) False
(3) False
(4) True
(5) False
sentence : (5)
(D) Answer each question in only 'one'
(1) Group tests
(2) Pleasure principle
3) Split' mind
(4) Cognitivedissonance theory.
(5) Non-verbal

questions in 30 to 40 words each [10|

Q. 2. Answer the following
(Any FIVE):
in
(1) Aptitude inborn capacity refers to special abilities
mental-individual
a particular field-may be physical or different
differences vocations and career guidance
(Pg. 8,9)
types of aptitude test, e.g. D.A.T.
personality measurement behavioural
(2) Interview
analysis technique definition
Types: (a) Unstructured-open interrogation-subjective
(b) Structured standardized questions are asked
restrictions on questions objective evaluation use
of

rating scales. (Pg. 26, 27)

recurrent bad stress
(3) Distress Long lasting cause

of most people's problem body gets flooded with

emergency response hormones like cortisol and adrenaline
(Pg. 38)
0770 Page 2
 (4) PersuasionMost commoh way of trying to change a
person's attitude used to form attitudes format can
be infinitely varied influence the cognitive and behavioural
Haspects. (Pg. 66)
(5) Social influence Meaning
Characteristics: (a) Active participation of minimum two
persons (b) Verbal, non-verbal and direct, indirect
communication, (c) May occur intentionally or unintentionally
(Pg. 75)
(6) Body languageTwo parts of communication :
(a) Verbal (b) Nonverbal
Body language is nonverbal60to 70% communication
is conveyed by body language E.g : gestures, postures
etc. (Page 112, 113)
(7) Neuroticism One of the factors of five factor model of
personalityrefers to the tendency to experience nagative
feeling e.g. anger, depression, anxiety negative
emotional reactions tends to persist long periods of time
diminishes ability to think clearly -makes decisions
copes up effectively with stress. (Page 21)
(8) Prejudice Refers to positive or negative evaluations or
judgements of member of aparticular groupex. expected.
(Page 69)

Q. 3. Explain the following concepts in 25 to 30 words each [81

(Any FOUR):
(1) Intelligence - Many psychologists have tried to define
intelligence-David Wechsler has tried to define intelligence
as a global capacity to act purposefully, think rationally and
deal effectively with his environment -many intelligence
tests are available. (Pg. 2, 3)
(2) Biofeedback -Neal Miller developed this technique
technique of stress management procedure to monitor
and reduce the physiological aspects of stress three stages
of biofeedback (Page 40)
 towards
reaction
(3) Attitude Positive or
negativeevaluative
three components of
person, action any definition (Page 62,63)
attitude. compliance
techniqueof
(4) Foot in the door technique a large request
a (Pg.79, 80)
demand with smallrequest make
EX. alimited
people in
(5) Gathering3oflargenumber of stress
space Effects : Discomfort, loss of privacy, (Pg. 94)
Ex.
types of observation
(6) Naturalistic observation One of the observer not
observation in natural setting
manipulating or controlling in naturalistic setting.(Page 108)
prejudice
() Propaganda - Techniques of reducing propaganda
distortion of relevant facts - motives behind the
may be hidden (Pg. 71)
|10]
Q. 4. Give psychological reasons of the following in 30 to 40
words each (Any FIVE):
(1) Inborn capacity Predict an individual's future
performance training with respect to aptitude leads to
excellence and success. (Pg. 8)
(2) Provides incomplete sentence -subject has to provide an
ending to the sentencereflects their attitudes, motivation
and conflicts -reveals underlying unconscious motivation.
(Pg. 26)
(3) Change the state of body leads to insomnia, vomiting,
headache etc. affects on diet, concentration, decision
making. (Pg. 33, 24)
(4) Uneasy fearful feeling anxiety is the main symptom of
variousspsychological disorders-include different clusters
of symptions. (Pg. 50)
(5) Newspaper, magazines, movies, radio, T.V. impact on
society helpsto form attitude. (Pg. 67)
(6) Geographical region-Ex. -Urban rural -industrial
area -Ex. (Pg. 92)
 (7) Last stage ofcommunication proce: reassuring that the
message has reached the intended person sender knows
the message has reachedtoward the receiver transferring
the role of sender and receiver. (Pg. 110)
(8) Types of intelligence tests It has a verbal form -illiterate
people cannot read and write -impact of regional language
inverbal test. (Pg. 7)

Q. 5. VWrite short notes in 50 to 60 words (Any FOUR) : |12]

(1) Distribution of intelligence quotient
The unit of measurement.
An I.Q. of 100 is average.
68 percent population in average range.
2 or 2/2 percent population above 130 and below 70.
Distribution of I.Q. scores in the form of normal
distribution.
(Normal distribution curve expected) (Page 5)
(2) Jung's classification
Carl Jung proposed this approach.
(i) Introverts : Prefer to be alone, shy.
(i) Extroverts : Sociable, outgoing.
Comments on this approach (Page 20)
(3) Generaladaptation syndrome Hans Selye
() Alarm stage
(ii) Resistance stage
(üi) Exhaustion stage (Pg. 33, 34)
(4) Depression
Emotional state
Symptoms : great sadness, feelings of worthlessness,
guilt etc.
Associated with other psychological problems such
as panic attacks, substance abuse, sexual dysfunction
and personality disorders. (Pg. 51)
 (5) Components of attitude
Cognitive component-Ex.
Emotional component-Ex. (Pg. 63,64)
Behavioural componcnt -Ex.
(6) Naturaldisasters
Meaning
Ex.
Effects
(Pg. 96)
Cannot be prevented
(7) Counselling skills -(Any two)
(1) Empathy
(2) Positive regard
(Pg. 115)
(3) Authenticity
following questions with the help [10|
Q. 6. Answer any TW0 of the
each:
of the given points in 100 to 150 words
(1) (a) School atmosphere:
Child from upper socio-economic class
Child from lower socio-economic class
Stimulation to the children by school.
(b) Teacher pupilrelationship:
Critical, punitive andauthoritarian teacher.
Teacher who has a positive attitude.
(c) Religious affiliation ofthe school.
Influence of traditions and customs of school on
children.
Morality, value systems and ethics. (Pg. 18)
(2) Sources of stress :
(a) Life events: Nature, Ex.
(b) Daily hassles : Nature, Ex.
(c) Traumaticevents :Nature, Ex. (Pg. 34, 35)
 (3) Promoting pro-environmental behaviour
(a) Informationand education :
Providing information
Awareness of problem
Positive effect
(b) Prompting
Verbal or written message
(c) Modelling:
Observational learning
Vivodemonstration, video tape, T.V. etc.
(d) Commitment :
Verbalor written. (Pg. 98)
Q. 7. Answer any ONE of the following questions in 200 to 300 [10]
words :
() Variouspsychotherapeutic techniques :
(1) Behaviourtherapies:
(a) Token economy
- (b) Systematicdesensitization
(2) Cognitive therapy
-- Rationalemotive therapy
(3) Humanistic therapy
Client centered therapy (Pg. 54 to 57)
(2) Causes and resolution of intergroup conflicts:
(1) Causes :
(a) Faulty communication
(b) Deprivation
(c) Status quo bias
(d) Faulty attribution
(2) Resolution strategies :
(a) Bargaining
(b) Super ordinate goals
(c) Altering perception
(Pg. 86)
(d) Increasing intergroup conflicts