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4 views

physics project ppc

Uploaded by

siddharth sasidharan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

PHYSICS
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
TOPIC : PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITORS
NAME: SIDDHARTH SASIDARAN
CLASS: XII A
ROLL NO:
2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere
gratitude to my PGT Physics
mentor Mrs Saritha Ma'am, for
her vital support, guidance, and
encouragement without which
this project would not have come
forth. And I would like to thank
my family and friends for their
encouragement and constant
support.
3

CERTIFICATE
This Is to certify that Siddharth Sasidharan
of class XII-A, KVCRPF has satisfactorily
completed the PHYSICS PROJECT on the
topic "PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR". I certify
that the file is up to my expectations and as
per the guidance issued by CBSE.

Teacher's signature:
4

TABLE OF CONTENTS
● Introduction to parallel plate
capacitor
● Principle of parallel plate capacitor
● Parallel plate capacitor Formulas
● Applications
● Example based on real life
● Practical analysis
● Conclusion
● Bibliography
5

INTRODUCTION

As we know capacitor is one of the basic


components used in an electrical circuit like
resistors, inductors, and many more. The
capacitor is a passive device that is available
in a wide variety. Parallel Plate Capacitors
are formed by an arrangement of electrodes
and insulating material or dielectric. A
parallel plate capacitor can only store a
finite amount of energy before dielectric
breakdown occurs. The two plates of parallel
plate capacitor are of equal dimensions.
They are connected to the power supply.
6

PRINCIPLE
Let an insulated metal plate A be given a
positive charge till its potential becomes
maximum. When another insulated plate B is
brought near A. Then by induction of the inner
face of B becomes negatively charged and the
outer face becomes positively charged. The
negative charge tries to reduce the potential of
A and the positive charge tries to increase it.
When the outer surface of B is earthed positive
charge flows to the earth while the negative
charge stays on causing a reduction in the
potential of A. Thus, a larger amount of charge
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can be given to A to raise it to maximum


potential
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9

FORMULAS
Capacitance= Q/V
● The parallel plate capacitor formula is given by:

C=kε0 A/d
Where,

εo: is the permittivity of space (8.854 x 10-12 F/m)

K: is the relative permittivity of dielectric material

d: is the separation between the plates

A: is the area of plates


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11

APPLICATIONS
● Energy storage capacitor banks are used for power
factor correction with inductive loads.

● Capacitive storage banks are used in the automotive


industry for regenerative braking in large vehicles
such as trams and hybrid cars.

● DC power supplies sometimes use parallel capacitors


in order to better filter the output signal and
eliminate the AC ripple.

● Dynamic digital memory systems make use of such


capacitors. Radars and the Pulsed LASER circuits
utilize such capacitors.
12

EXAMPLE BASED ON REAL LIFE


FOR PARALLEL PLATE
CAPACITOR
Parallel plate capacitor is the capacitor used in
electronic circuits. These capacitors are commonly
found in various electronic devices such as:
Smartphones, computers, and televisions.
They are used to store and release electrical energy
quickly when needed.

For example :
● In a camera flash, a parallel plate capacitor is
charged up and then rapidly discharges to provide
a burst of energy to power the flash.
13

● In a power supply unit of a computer, parallel plate


capacitors are used to smooth out and stabilize the
electrical current.
● Audio equipments
● AC to DC converters
● Sensors
14

PRACTICAL ANALYSIS
AIM:
To compare the difference in capacitance when a parallel
plate capacitor is placed between the following:
● Air
● Dielectric
● Conductor
And With respect to Distance and area between the parallel
plate capacitor as well.

MATERIAL REQUIRED:

1. Parallel plate capacitor -20*20cm and 28* 28 cm

2. Glass sheet - 21*21cm


15

3. Mica-21*21cm

4. 4mm plug lead wire

5. Scale

PROCEDURE:
1. Arrange the apparatus in well mannered plates in the
oriented scale and do proper connections

2. Connect the probes of the digital multimeter with the


positive and negative terminals of the capacitor. The
multimeter will send a current to charge the capacitor if the
output value has increased from a very low value to a
negligible value of the capacitor is charged and working
properly.
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17

•CAPACITANCE WITH
RESPECT TO:

MATERIAL BETWEEN THE PLATES:


1. By keeping a constant distance (3 cm) between the parallel
plate capacitor 20*20 record the observation in the difference in
capacitance of parallel plate capacitor when :

-Air is between them


-Mica or dielectric 21*21cm
-Glass slab

2. Connect the parallel plate with each material using plug to the
multimeter and record the capacitance.
18

Observation table:
S.NO MATERIAL CAPACITANCE(IN
PF)
1) AIR 25.6PF

2) GLASS 28.5PF

3) MICA 27.6PF

4) PAPER 39.3PF
19

•CAPACITANCE WITH
DISTANCE:
- Place the parallel plate capacitor of area
28*28cm on the stand and connect the two
parallel plate capacitors using a plug to the
multimeter.

- By using metre scale, adjust the plates at


different distances and turn the multimeter to
record the reading at different intervals of
distance between the plates.
20

OBSERVATION TABLE:
S.NO DISTANCE(d) CAPACITANCE
1) 2cm 33PF

2) 3cm 25.5PF

3) 4cm 19.7PF

4) 5cm 15.9PF
21

•CAPACITANCE WITH
AREA:
-Place the parallel plate capacitor 20*20cm in the stand
by fixing constant distance between them.
-Connect the parallel plate with the provided plug with
the multimeter.
-Turn on the multimeter to get the readings.
-Repeat the above steps for the for same parallel plate of
28*28cm in area.
-Observe the reading and note them on the observation
table.

C∝A
22

OBSERVATION TABLE:
S.NO AREA CAPACITANCE
1) 20cm x 20cm 19.6PF

2) 28cm x 28cm 26.9PF


23

CONCLUSION
After conducting the experiment, the conclusion is such that
the objective of the experiment is achieved and the results
are also verifying the theory which states that when the
area of the plate is increased the capacitance is increased,
that shows that area of the plate is directly proportional to
the capacitance and capacitance is inversely proportional to
the distance between the plates.
24

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
● www.google.com
● www.wikipedia.com
● www.cbsestudy.com
● Physics ncert text book
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