Abhishek Singh

Q1. Which amendment changed the subject-matter of Article 45 and made

elementary education a fundamental right under Article 21 A:

A. 86th Amendment Act of 2002

B. 44th Amendment Act of 1978
C. 42nd Amendment Act of 1976
D. None of above
Correct Answer: A. 86th Amendment Act of 2002

Explanation: 86th Amendment Act of 2002: It changed the subject-matter of Article 45 and made
elementary education a fundamental right under Article 21 A.

Q2. Consider the following statements on Features of the Directive Principles of State Policy:
1. They denote the constitutional instructions to the State in dealing with legislative, executive, and
administrative matters.
2. Unlike the Fundamental Rights, which are legally enforceable, the DPSPs are non-justiciable.
3. They aim at realizing the ideals of Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity as envisaged in the Preamble
to the Indian Constitution.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

A. Only one
B. Only two
C. All three
D. None of above

Correct Answer: C. All three

Explanation: The salient features of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP):

1. They denote the constitutional instructions to the State in dealing with legislative, executive, and
administrative matters. Thus, they serve as ideals to be kept in mind by the state while formulating policies
and enacting laws.
2. Unlike the Fundamental Rights, which are legally enforceable, the DPSPs are non-justiciable. Thus, they
are not legally enforceable by the courts for their violation and the governments cannot be compelled to
implement them.
3. They aim at realizing the ideals of Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity as envisaged in the Preamble
to the Indian Constitution. Thus, they embody the concept of a ‘Welfare State’.

Q3. Consider the following statements regarding the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian
Constitution:
1. The DPSP are enshrined in Part IV of the Indian Constitution.
2. They are non-justiciable in nature, meaning they cannot be enforced by any court.
3. The idea of DPSP was borrowed from the Irish Constitution.
4. They aim to create social and economic conditions under which citizens can lead a good life.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

A. Only one
B. Only two

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C. Only three
D. All four

Correct Answer: D. All four

Explanation: All the statements given are correct. The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are
guidelines for the framing of laws by the government. These principles, set out in Part IV of the
Constitution, are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be enforced by the courts for their violation.
However, they are considered fundamental in the governance of the country, aiming to create an
environment that enables all citizens to lead a good life. The concept of DPSP was borrowed from the Irish
Constitution.

Q4. Consider the following statements about the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution:
1. They are enumerated in Part IV of the Constitution, from Articles 36 to 51.
2. Directive Principles are justiciable in nature, allowing citizens to move the court for their enforcement.
3. They aim to create social and economic conditions under which citizens can lead a good life.
4. The concept of Directive Principles was borrowed from the Irish Constitution.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1, 3 and 4 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2 and 4 only
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A. 1, 3 and 4 only

Explanation: Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines to the central and state governments of
India, which are to be kept in mind while framing laws and policies. They are enumerated in Part IV of the
Constitution, from Articles 36 to 51. These principles are not justiciable, meaning that they cannot be
enforced by the courts for their violation. However, they are considered fundamental in the governance of
the country, aiming to create a framework for creating social and economic conditions under which
citizens can lead a good life. The concept of Directive Principles was indeed borrowed from the Irish
Constitution.

Q5. Consider the following statements about the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian
Constitution:
1. The DPSP are contained in Part IV of the Constitution of India.
2. They are constitutionally enforceable by the courts in case of their violation.
3. The aim of DPSP is to provide a framework for creating social and economic conditions under which
citizens can lead a good life.
4. They were inspired by the Constitution of Ireland.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1, 3 and 4 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2 and 4 only
D. All of the above

Correct Answer: A. 1, 3 and 4 only

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Explanation: The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are guidelines to the central and state
governments of India, to be kept in mind while framing laws and policies. They are contained in Part IV of
the Constitution of India. They are not enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down therein are
considered fundamental in the governance of the country. The DPSP aim to create an environment that
enables all citizens to lead a good life. The concept of DPSP was borrowed from the Irish Constitution.

Q6. Consider the following statements about the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) in the Indian
Constitution:
1. DPSPs are contained in Part IV of the Indian Constitution and are not enforceable by any court.
2. The aim of DPSPs is to provide social and economic democracy.
3. The concept of DPSPs was borrowed from the Irish Constitution.
4. DPSPs can override Fundamental Rights in case of any conflict.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 2, 3 and 4 only
C. 1, 3 and 4 only
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A. 1, 2 and 3 only
Explanation: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) are guidelines to the central and state
governments of India, to be kept in mind while framing laws and policies. They are contained in Part IV of
the Indian Constitution. They are not enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down therein are
considered fundamental in the governance of the country. The aim of DPSPs is indeed to provide social
and economic democracy. The concept of DPSPs was borrowed from the Irish Constitution. However,
DPSPs cannot override Fundamental Rights; the statement 4 is incorrect. The Supreme Court has ruled
that in case of any conflict between Fundamental Rights and DPSPs, Fundamental Rights will prevail.

Q7. Consider the following statements regarding the relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive
Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution:
1. Fundamental Rights are justiciable and enforceable by the courts, whereas Directive Principles are non-
justiciable and not enforceable by the courts.
2. The Directive Principles of State Policy are instructions/guidelines to the states for the framing of laws
and policies.
3. The Constitution of India provides that the Directive Principles shall override the Fundamental Rights in
case of any conflict.
4. Both Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles aim at establishing a welfare state and achieving the
objectives laid down in the Preamble.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 4 only
B. 2, 3 and 4 only
C. 1, 3 and 4 only
D. All of the above

Correct Answer: A. 1, 2 and 4 only

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Explanation: Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. Fundamental Rights are indeed justiciable and
enforceable by the courts, whereas Directive Principles are non-justiciable. The Directive Principles serve
as guidelines to the state for the framing of laws and policies and both aim at establishing a welfare state.
However, statement 3 is incorrect as the Constitution does not explicitly provide that Directive Principles
shall override the Fundamental Rights. The conflict between the two has been a matter of judicial
interpretation, with the basic doctrine being that an attempt should be made to harmonize them.

Q8. Consider the following statements regarding the relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive
Principles of State Policy (DPSP):

1. Fundamental Rights are justiciable while DPSPs are non-justiciable.

2. DPSPs aim to create social and economic conditions under which citizens can lead a good life.
3. The Constitution of India explicitly states that DPSPs shall override the Fundamental Rights in case of any
conflict.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

A. Only one
B. Only two
C. All three
D. None

Correct Answer: B. Only two

Explanation: Statement 1 is correct: Fundamental Rights are justiciable, meaning that they are legally
enforceable by the courts, whereas DPSPs are non-justiciable, meaning they are not enforceable by any
court but the principles laid down therein are considered fundamental in the governance of the country.
Statement 2 is correct: DPSPs aim to create social and economic conditions under which citizens can lead
a good life, thereby complementing the Fundamental Rights. Statement 3 is incorrect: The Constitution of
India does not explicitly state that DPSPs shall override the Fundamental Rights. In fact, there have been
instances where the courts have had to balance the two, especially after the Golaknath case and the
doctrine established by the Kesavananda Bharati case.

Q9. What is the primary objective of the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution?

Choose the correct option:

A. To lay down the fundamental duties of every citizen
B. To provide the framework for creating laws by the Parliament
C. To guide the State in the formulation and implementation of policies
D. To define the powers of the President of India
Correct Answer: C. To guide the State in the formulation and implementation of policies

Explanation: The Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines for the framing of laws by the
government. These principles, set out in Part IV of the Constitution, are not justiciable (not enforceable by
any court) but the principles laid down are considered fundamental in the governance of the country,
making it the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws to establish a just society in the
country.

Q10. Consider the following statements regarding the relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive
Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution:

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1. Fundamental Rights are justiciable and enforceable by courts, whereas Directive Principles are non-
justiciable and not enforceable by courts.
2. Directive Principles of State Policy are instructions/guidelines to the states for framing laws and policies,
whereas Fundamental Rights are obligations on the State.
3. The Constitution of India gives precedence to Directive Principles over Fundamental Rights.
4. The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, attempted to reduce the conflict between Fundamental Rights and
Directive Principles by stating that laws made to implement Directive Principles cannot be declared
unconstitutional on the grounds that they contravene Fundamental Rights.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 2 and 4 only
C. 2, 3 and 4 only
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B. 1, 2 and 4 only

Explanation: Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. Fundamental Rights are indeed justiciable and
enforceable by the courts, whereas Directive Principles are non-justiciable and not enforceable by courts.
Directive Principles serve as guidelines to the state for formulating policies and laws but do not have the
legal enforceability that Fundamental Rights do. The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, did indeed attempt to
bridge the gap between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles by stating that laws made to
implement Directive Principles cannot be declared unconstitutional merely because they contravene with
Fundamental Rights. However, the Constitution does not explicitly give precedence to Directive Principles
over Fundamental Rights, making statement 3 incorrect.

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